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Synthesis of Uniform 6‐Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons and Their Isotope and Nitrogen‐Doped Derivatives
ABSTRACT On‐surface synthesis enables precision synthesis of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), allowing for tailored edge structures and widths through engineered polymerization and dehydrocyclization of designed precursor molecules. Here, we report the successful transformation of various precursor molecules into uniform 0.6 nm‐wide armchair GNRs encapsulated within carbon nanotubes or boron nitride nanotubes, facilitating large‐scale production. Remarkably, our results show that not only aromatic hydrocarbon molecules with hexagonal structures, but also those containing pentagonal, heptagonal, or octagonal motifs yield uniform GNRs composed exclusively of hexagons. This impressive tolerance for diverse encapsulated molecules and host materials underscores the universality of our method. Additionally, we successfully synthesized 0.6 nm‐wide deuterated, 13 C isotopic, and nitrogen‐doped GNRs from their respective isotopic or nitrogen‐containing precursor molecules. Our approach not only paves the way for universal synthesis of uniform GNRs but also holds promise for creating versatile nanoribbons with tailored properties derived from their parent two‐dimensional materials.
Phenotypic variability and floral trait associations in bael [Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa] from the North-Western Himalayan plains
Evolutionary tuning of a biosynthetic gene cluster drives furanocoumarin accumulation and diversification
A study on the nonlinear impact and mechanism of artificial intelligence application level on corporate carbon emission intensity
Effect of calcium carbonate precipitate derived from sugar beet industry on the properties of poly (vinyl chloride) compounds
Abstract The incorporation of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) waste from the sugar beet industry significantly altered the properties of the PVC matrix. Thermal stability improved markedly, evidenced by a reduction in weight loss (240–360 °C) from 58.88% (neat PVC) to 37% (40 wt% PCC). The flexural strength reached a maximum at 5 wt% PCC, representing a 35% improvement over the unfilled PVC. Conversely, this loading adversely affected elongation at break, tensile strength, and impact strength, reducing them by 71.57%, 10.84%, and 17.11%, respectively. Physical properties, such as specific gravity and water absorption, increased slightly with the PCC content. SEM analysis confirmed excellent PCC dispersion at lower loadings, which transitioned to particle agglomeration and void formation at higher concentrations, explaining the mechanical properties trends.
Mechanical characteristics and solidification mechanism of sodium silicate activated fly ash cement composite loess based fluidized stabilized materials
Analysis of the impact of altitude changes on human physiological indicators and response capabilities
Comparative study on the protective effects of Silybum marianum L. seeds and leaves against nickel chloride induced anemia, liver and kidney injury: an in vivo and in silico approach
Retrograde transduction of dopaminergic cells in substantia nigra of the rhesus monkey
Abstract Recent advances in molecular tools have changed how researchers approach selective neural modulation, especially in rodent models where germline modifications and viral vector delivery are readily optimized. However, these tools have not advanced as rapidly for nonhuman primates, despite critical need for translational gene therapy models. A key barrier is targeting specific neuronal populations in the larger primate brain with cell-type and circuit specificity. Dopaminergic neurons pose a particular challenge due to their inaccessible ventral midbrain location, where local injection non-selectively targets all dopaminergic neurons. This work provides NHP researchers with a comparison of retrograde viral vectors, highlighting one which achieves efficient dopaminergic neuron transduction, establishing a foundation for combining vectors with cell-type-specific enhancers for basic and translational applications.
Pathogens analysis and modeling of mortality risk in sepsis patients with COVID-19 and without COVID-19
A partially personalized musculoskeletal spine model using MRI and EMG data to compare biomechanics of asymptomatic and low back pain individuals
Modular stayed 3D-lattice structures manufactured by MEX-AM: buckling behaviour and energy absorption
Abstract Slender lattice structures offer significant advantages in mechanical applications due to their high stiffness and energy absorption capabilities; however, they are inherently prone to buckling. Although stay-based reinforcement concept have proven effective in two-dimensional lattice, extending them to three-dimensional (3D) structures presents challenges in both design and manufacturing. This study aims to develop a material-extrusion manufactured stayed 3D-lattice based on a modular design that enables non-planar stay arrangements. The goal is to improve the ultimate load capacity and energy-absorption performance of the lattice through the introduction of stays. Material-extrusion additive manufacturing was used to fabricate modular stayed lattice specimens, followed by uniaxial compression testing and digital image correlation to evaluate mechanical performance and deformation behaviour. Three types of connectors and three types of stayed unit cells were fabricated through a modular strategy and printing parameter optimisation, and assembled into six distinct lattice configurations. Buckling behaviour, relative density, relative strength, and energy absorption were studied. The results demonstrate that the stay concept can be effectively applied to 3D-lattices, increasing the ultimate load by up to a factor of 3.53 and enhancing energy-absorption capability to approximately 81%. The buckling behaviour could be tuned across five lattice configurations by varying unit cell types and additional reinforcement strategies. The connectors remained intact without observable micro-cracking, which is favourable for recyclability. Overall, the proposed modular stayed 3D-lattice framework offers a recyclable and effective strategy to enhance stability and energy absorption, providing fundamental data for selecting optimal configurations for intended applications.
Correction: Scalable flow synthesis of ultrasmall inorganic nanoparticles for biomedical applications via a confined impinging jet mixer
The design of Malay sentences for measuring reading performance for the Radner-UKM Malay Reading Charts
Stable and tunable MeV $$\gamma$$-ray generation via dual-laser inverse Thomson scattering from a laser-plasma accelerator
Abstract Inverse Thomson scattering from laser-plasma accelerators offers a pathway to compact, tunable MeV $$\gamma$$ -ray sources for reduced-dose radiography and enhanced performance in nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF)-based isotope identification. However, photon yield and spectral quality are often limited by constraints on interaction geometry and scatter-laser tunability. Here we demonstrate a MeV $$\gamma$$ -ray source based on a dual-laser inverse Thomson scattering configuration driven by a 100-TW laser-plasma accelerator. Electron beams tunable from 122 to 204 MeV with $$<5$$ mrad divergence and $$<1$$ mrad pointing stability generate $$\gamma$$ rays with peak energies from 276 keV to 1.2 MeV and yields up to $$2\times 10^{7}$$ photons per shot. By independently controlling the interaction position and the scatter-pulse duration, we experimentally match the scatter pulse to the walk-off-limited interaction length. Extending the scatter pulse to 200 fs increases photon production by approximately $$15\%$$ while maintaining operation in the linear Thomson regime, thereby preserving narrow spectral bandwidth and controlled radiation divergence. Radiographic characterization demonstrates MeV-level penetration and $$\approx 0.1$$ mm spatial resolution, while stable operation is sustained over multi-hour timescales across multiple days. These results show that interaction-length optimization provides a scalable strategy for improving photon yield, spectral control, and operational stability in compact laser-plasma-accelerator-driven $$\gamma$$ -ray sources.
Determinants of attendant satisfaction with oncology service quality in Tamil Nadu, India: a cross-sectional study
Abstract Attendants are continuously involved in coordinating and supporting cancer care, yet their service quality perceptions are rarely modelled as determinants of satisfaction. This study investigates the association between demographic factors and service quality dimensions related to attendants’ satisfaction in oncology hospitals. A cross-sectional survey using a structured questionnaire was conducted among 480 attendants (accompanying patients) across oncology hospitals in Tamil Nadu, India. Service quality was assessed using six dimensions: tangibility, responsiveness, empathy, assurance, service reliability, and process reliability. Differences across demographic groups were evaluated using non-parametric statistical tests. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was applied to examine the relationships between service quality dimensions and attendant satisfaction, followed by Importance-Performance Map Analysis (IPMA) to prioritize improvement areas. Significant differences in service quality perceptions were observed across gender, age, education, residential status, financing category, and hospital visit frequency, while income and occupation did not show meaningful effects. Tangibility (β = 0.374), responsiveness (β = 0.313), and empathy (β = 0.196) demonstrated significant positive associations with satisfaction, collectively explaining 80.9% of its variance (R 2 = 0.809), whereas assurance, service reliability, and process reliability were not significantly associated with satisfaction. IPMA result indicate that empathy represents a key area for refinement, while tangibility and responsiveness demonstrate high importance alongside strong performance, suggesting areas to be maintained. Overall, the findings provide insights into factors associated with attendant satisfaction, improving patient-centered oncology services.