Browse Articles

Breast milk Na+ and Na+/K+ ratio predict delayed onset of lactogenesis in gestational hyperglycemia

3D Imaging Reveals Widespread Stacking Disorder in Single Crystal 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks

Self-disassembling nanoparticles as oral nanotherapeutics targeting intestinal microenvironment

The Katakori disability index has cross-cultural validity for disability due to stiff neck/shoulder across Japan, the US, and Singapore

Site-Specific <i>O</i>-Glycosylation in Oncofetal Fibronectin IIICS Domain Creates Cancer Stage-Specific Biomarkers

Modified pegRNAs mitigate scaffold-derived prime editing by-products

Distinct proteomic profiles of plasma-derived extracellular vesicles in healthy, benign, and triple-negative breast cancer: candidate biomarkers for liquid biopsy

Low-Temperature Direct Arylation Polymerization for the Sustainable Synthesis of a Library of Low-Defect Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymers via Pd/Ag Dual-Catalysis

Frequency modulation on magnons in synthetic dimensions

Abstract Magnons are promising candidates for next-generation computing architectures, offering the ability to manipulate their amplitude and phase for information encoding. However, the frequency degree of freedom remains largely unexploited due to the complexity of nonlinear process. In this work, we introduce the concept of synthetic frequency dimension into magnonics, treating the eigenfrequency of inherent modes as an additional degree of freedom. This approach enables the effective description of the temporal evolution of a magnon state using an effective tight-binding model, analogous to a charged particle hopping in a modulated lattice. A magnonic ring resonator is investigated as an example, and several intriguing phenomena are predicted, including Bloch oscillations and a leverage effect during unidirectional frequency shifts, all of which are verified through micromagnetic simulations. Notably, our strategy operates in the linear spin-wave regime, excluding the involvement of multi-magnon scattering and high-power generation. This work expands the toolkit for designing magnonic devices based on frequency modulation and paves the way for a new paradigm called magnonics in synthetic dimensions.

Comparison of marker-less 2D image-based methods for infant pose estimation

Abstract In this study we compare the performance of available generic- and specialized infant-pose estimators for a video-based automated general movement assessment (GMA), and the choice of viewing angle for optimal recordings, i.e., conventional diagonal view used in GMA vs. top-down view. We used 4500 annotated video-frames from 75 recordings of infant spontaneous motor functions from 4 to 16 weeks. To determine which pose estimation method and camera angle yield the best pose estimation accuracy on infants in a GMA related setting, the error with respect to human annotations and the percentage of correct key-points (PCK) were computed and compared. The results show that the best performing generic model trained on adults, ViTPose, also performs best on infants. We see no improvement from using specific infant-pose estimators over the generic pose estimators on our infant dataset. However, when retraining a generic model on our data, there is a significant improvement in pose estimation accuracy. This indicates limited generalization capabilities of infant-pose estimators to other infant datasets, meaning that one should be careful when choosing infant pose estimators and using them on infant datasets which they were not trained on. The pose estimation accuracy obtained from the top-down view is significantly better than that obtained from the diagonal view (the standard view for GMA). This suggests that a top-down view should be included in recording setups for automated GMA research.

Outcompeting Thermodynamics: Ion-Pairing and Coulombic Interactions to Trigger Perfluoroacetate Intra-Ionic Photooxidation for Perfluoroalkylation Reactions

Peripheral positioning of lysosomes supports melanoma aggressiveness

Synovial macrophages drive severe joint destruction in established rheumatoid arthritis

Synthesis of benzoheterocycles by palladium-catalyzed migratory cyclization through an unexpected reaction cascade

Identification and validation of five novel protein targets for type 2 diabetes mellitus

Mutant huntingtin induces neuronal apoptosis via derepressing the non-canonical poly(A) polymerase PAPD5

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play crucial roles in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Poly(A) RNA polymerase D5 (PAPD5) catalyzes the addition of adenosine to the 3′ end of miRNAs. In this study, we demonstrate that the Yin Yang 1 protein, a transcriptional repressor of PAPD5, is recruited to both RNA foci and protein aggregates, resulting in an upregulation of PAPD5 expression in Huntington’s disease (HD). Additionally, we identify a subset of PAPD5-regulated miRNAs with increased adenylation and reduced expression in our disease model. We focus on miR-7-5p and find that its reduction causes the activation of the TAB2-mediated TAK1–MKK4–JNK pro-apoptotic pathway. This pathway is also activated in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived striatal neurons and post-mortem striatal tissues isolated from HD patients. In addition, we discover that a small molecule PAPD5 inhibitor, BCH001, can mitigate cell death and neurodegeneration in our disease models. This study highlights the importance of PAPD5-mediated miRNA dysfunction in HD pathogenesis and suggests a potential therapeutic direction for the disease.

Magnetically adjustable AND/XOR logic gates using Terfenol-D in phononic crystal

Polarization Rearrangement Induced High-Efficiency Piezocatalytic Overall Pure Water Splitting in Ultrathin (001)-Confined PbTiO₃

Visual target and task-critical feedback uncertainty impair different stages of reach planning in motor cortex

Spatio-temporal dynamics of urban medical system carrying capacity and their obstacle factors: A case study of Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration

The frequent occurrence of various urban disasters poses risks to human survival and welfare, and it is of great significance to evaluate the urban medical system carrying capacity (UMSCC), monitor the spatial and temporal patterns of the UMSCC and identify their obstacle factors to improve the public medical system and rationalize medical resource allocation. In this paper, the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration (YRDUA), which includes 27 major cities, is taken as a case study. A UMSCC evaluation model is constructed and the gravity center shift trajectory is analyzed by using the ArcGIS software. The results indicate that the UMSCC of the 27 cities in the YRDUA can be classified into 5 levels: the lowers (0.193-0.335), the lows (0.335-0.425), the mediums (0.425-0.489), the highs (0.489-0.549) and the highers (0.549-0.619). From 2011-2021, the UMSCC level in all the 27 cities from the YRDUA increased annually, and during this period, the gravity center of the UMSCC was concentrated in Xuancheng, and the migration trend was southwest. Moreover, there is a positive correlation between the city type and the level of UMSCC: the larger of the city is, the higher of the UMSCC level is; however, the gap between the levels of UMSCC in different city types in the YRDUA gradually narrows and tends to be consistent, which reflects the development trend of medical system integration in the region. Finally, it is concluded that the key obstacle indicators of the UMSCC in the YRDUA can be attributed to the proportion of medical financial expenditure, the number of beds, the number of registered nurses and the urban digital development level. Correspondingly, the suggestions are proposed.