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Effects of insecticide use, host plant resistance, and nitrogen fertilization on the density of Melanaphis sorghi and the production of grain sorghum
Abstract Melanaphis sorghi is a serious economically important pest of sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.), across the southern USA. Therefore, developing and refining integrated strategies that provide effective control is key to the management of this pest. The current study examined the influence of nitrogen (N) fertilization, sorghum cultivar and insecticide applications on M. sorghi and grain sorghum yield at Tifton, Georgia (31.5120° N, 83.6434° W). Field trials with three insecticide treatments (untreated control, flupyradifurone in-furrow at 117 g/ha, and flupyradifurone foliar at 73 g/ha), three nitrogen fertilization rates (25, 50 and 100 kg/ha) and two sorghum cultivars (resistant: DKS37-07 and susceptible: DKS53-53) were conducted on grain sorghum in the spring/summer of 2022 and 2023. Compared to the medium N fertilization, Low and high N fertilization supported higher aphid density and severity of infestation (cumulative insect days [CID]) on both the susceptible and resistant cultivars for both 2022 and 2023. Aphid density and severity of infestation on the susceptible sorghum cultivar (DKS53-53) were 3.4–4.8-fold greater than on the resistant cultivar (DKS37-07) for both low and high N fertilization plots in 2022. While a single foliar and in-furrow insecticide application significantly reduced infestations below the economic threshold across all treatment combinations in 2022, aphid populations were too low to warrant foliar application in 2023. Nitrogen fertilization was associated with improved yield as the high N fertilization preserved yield for both sorghum cultivars. Compared to untreated plots, in-furrow and foliar insecticide applications supported greater grain sorghum yield across all insecticide treatments only in 2022. The study suggests that manipulating N fertilization, utilizing resistant sorghum cultivars and in-furrow and foliar insecticide application can synergistically suppress aphid infestations and improve grain yield in sorghum production in southern USA.
Spatially resolved atlas of breast cancer uncovers intercellular machinery of venular niche governing lymphocyte extravasation
The use of artificial intelligence-based Siamese neural network in personalized guidance for sports dance teaching
Ligand Enabled Iridium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydroalkenylation of α-Olefins and Styrenes with Acrylamides
Spatiotemporal dynamic and catalytically mediated reconfiguration of compartmentalized cyanuric acid/polyadenine DNA microdroplet condensates
Understanding embolus transport and source to destination mapping of thromboemboli in hemodynamics driven by left ventricular assist device
GRAMD1B is a regulator of lipid homeostasis, autophagic flux and phosphorylated tau
Seismic collapse capacity analysis of degrading SDOF systems with uncoupled negative and positive stiffness mechanism
Multiple cAMP/PKA complexes at the STIM1 ER/PM junction specified by E-Syt1 and E-Syt2 reciprocally gates ANO1 (TMEM16A) via Ca2+
Abstract ANO1 plays a crucial role in determining numerous physiological functions, including epithelial secretion, yet its regulatory mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we describe a fundamental dynamic regulation of ANO1 surface expression and Ca2+-dependent gating via the cAMP/PKA pathway at the STIM1 ER/PM junctions. At these junctions, STIM1 assembles AC-AKAP-PKA complexes, while E-Syt1 mediates formation of ANO1-VAPA-IRBIT-E-Syt1-AC8-AKAP5-PKA complex, that phosphorylates ANO1 S673, increasing ANO1 Ca2+ affinity. Within these complexes, the Ca2+ and cAMP pathways act synergistically to enhance ANO1 function. By contrast, E-Syt2 dissociates the ANO1-VAPA interaction, forming ANO1-IRBIT-E-Syt2-AC6-AKAP11-PKA complex that phosphorylates ANO1 S221, which markedly reduces ANO1 Ca2+ affinity. The effects of the E-Syts are primarily mediated by their reciprocal regulation of junctional PI(4)P, PI(4,5)P2 and PtdSer. Accordingly, IRBIT deletion in mice impairs receptor-stimulated activation of ANO1 and fluid secretion. These findings should have broad implications for ANO1 roles and functions across various tissues.
Real-world evaluation of an intravenous iron service for the treatment of iron deficiency with or without anemia
Abstract Intravenous (IV) iron is a guideline-recommended treatment for iron deficiency when oral iron is contraindicated, ineffective, or not tolerated, or when rapid iron delivery is necessary. However, evidence suggests that some patients receive less IV iron than needed. This retrospective audit assessed the effectiveness and safety of ferric derisomaltose (FDI), a high-dose IV iron, in 2,468 patients. Efficacy outcomes assessed at 4–12 weeks post-infusion included changes in hemoglobin (Hb) and ferritin, proportion of courses (a course was defined as the treatment episode required to administer one total dose) after which patients were non-anemic (Hb ≥ 130 g/L [men] or ≥ 120 g/L [women]), and response rate (proportion of courses after which patients were non-anemic or Hb increased by ≥ 20 g/L). Safety was assessed through adverse events. Across 2,775 FDI courses, the mean dose was 1,244 mg, but mean estimated iron need was 1,580 mg. At follow-up, mean Hb had increased by 20.9 g/L and mean ferritin by 188.8 µg/L. Patients were non-anemic after 33.4% (n = 494/1,478) of courses and responded after 65.1% (n = 962/1,478) of courses. One patient (n = 1/2,468; 0.04%) had a serious allergic reaction. Patients remained anemic after > 65% of courses, demonstrating the need to optimize dosing based on iron need.