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Impact of Temperature on Zeolitization Elucidated by <i>In Situ</i> High-Energy X-ray Total Scattering Measurement

Will tourism cultural experience affect tourist citizenship behaviors? A case of the “Village Basketball League” in Taijiang County, Guizhou Province

In the era of the experience economy, the tourist experience has become a key factor in the development of tourist destinations. Unlike traditional sightseeing experiences, tourism cultural experiences allow for engagement in cultural activities at the destination, thereby fostering a deeper emotional connection with the local community, which subsequently influences tourists’ citizenship behavior. The “Village Basketball League” in Taijiang County, Guizhou Province is characterized as a form of tourism cultural experience with high integration and strong involvement. This study presents the “Village Basketball League” in Taijiang County as a case study. Grounded in SOR (Stimuli-Organism-Response) theory and involvement theory, this study explores the influencing factors of tourist citizenship behaviors from the perspective of the integration of culture and sports and constructs a structural equation model that includes tourism cultural experience, tourists’ involvement, flow experience, and tourist citizenship behaviors. Data analysis was performed using SmartPLS 4.0 on questionnaires completed by 314 tourists. The results indicate that: (1) The tourism cultural experience positively affects tourist feedback behaviors, tourist recommendation behaviors, and flow experience; (2) Flow experience positively influences tourist feedback behaviors and recommendation behaviors; (3) Flow experience serves as a mediator between the tourism cultural experience and both tourist feedback behaviors and tourist recommendation behaviors; (4) Tourists’ involvement negatively moderates the predictive effect of tourism cultural experience on flow experience. The research findings offer valuable insights for decision-making regarding the development of tourism destinations and offer guidance for tourism development and management.

Optimizing Surface Electronic Structure by Ba Dispersion for Enhanced High-Temperature Oxygen Evolution Reaction Activity

The impact of classroom interaction on willingness to communicate: The mediating roles of speaking self-efficacy and foreign language enjoyment

In the realm of second language acquisition, classroom interaction (CI) is pivotal for learners’ language development, and willingness to communicate (WTC) is widely recognized as a key factor in successful language learning. However, previous studies have not fully addressed the impact of CI on WTC, particularly regarding the mediating roles of speaking self-efficacy (SSE) and foreign language enjoyment (FLE). Therefore, this study aims to address these gaps. The research recruited 623 undergraduate students from three universities in China. Data were collected using a self-designed questionnaire that demonstrated strong reliability and validity. Structural equation modeling was employed to test the proposed hypotheses, with bootstrap analysis used to assess the significance of mediation effects. The results revealed that CI had a significant positive direct impact on WTC. Moreover, both SSE and FLE significantly mediated the relationship between CI and WTC. Notably, CI also affected WTC through the chain mediating effect of SSE and FLE. These findings provide empirical support for relevant theories and offer practical implications for language educators, such as fostering interactive classroom environments to boost students’ SSE and FLE, ultimately promoting their WTC in language learning. The limitations and directions for future research were also discussed.

Oyster cooking practices in the United States-based restaurants—A survey

Despite longstanding oyster cooking recommendations, outbreaks associated with cooked oysters still occur. A survey of U.S.-based restaurants was conducted to investigate common cooking practices, including steaming, baking, and roasting. Target restaurants were identified using Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes and surveyed through live phone interviews and online. The questionnaire included open- and closed-ended questions for restaurant staff, including chefs and managers, with topics covering customer and serving quantities, source of purchase, common cooking methods, cooking time and temperature combinations, and the use of thermometers. A total of 105 complete responses were collected from California, Florida, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Oregon, Virginia, and Washington. On a weekly basis, the majority of restaurants served 1–1,000 customers with 1–500 dozen oysters. The most frequently used cooking methods were frying (46%), followed by baking (36%), steaming (30%), and then roasting (23%). On average, baking was performed at a temperature of 185 ± 64°C for 9 ± 4 minutes, roasting at 207 ± 54°C for 8 ± 6 minutes, and steaming for 5 ± 3 minutes, with no correlation being found between cooking time and temperature for either technique. Additionally, 57% of the surveyed restaurants did not use thermometers when cooking oysters. This study highlights the variations in oyster cooking practices in U.S. restaurants, emphasizing the need to assess the effectiveness of different cooking techniques through quantitative microbial risk assessment of the most common pathogens in oysters. This will help improve food safety guidelines and minimize health risks associated with the consumption of partially cooked oysters.

Structural, Compositional, and Morphological Interrelationships in Rocksalt (FeCoMnMgZn)O High Entropy Oxide Nanocrystals for Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis

Food insecurity is associated with decreased quality of life in patients with chronic Chagas disease

This study assessed the prevalence of food insecurity (FI) in patients with Chagas Disease (CD) and its association with anthropometric measurements, comorbidities, and quality of life (QoL). This cross-sectional study included CD patients of both sexes. The FI was evaluated using the Brazilian FI scale. Anthropometric measurements included weight, height, and waist circumference. Comorbidities included hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Lipids and plasma glucose were collected. QoL was assessed using the Portuguese version of WHOQOL-Bref questionnaire. Linear and logistic regression models were fitted to evaluate the association between FI status and outcomes. From the 359 included participants (55.9% women, median age 62 years), 22.5% had mild, 5.6% moderate, and 2.5% had severe FI. In the adjusted models, mild FI was significantly associated with an increased odds of obesity (OR=1.83, 95%CI = 1.03 to 3.25). Moreover, significant associations were observed between FI and all QoL domains, including physical health (low FI: β = −8.43 95%CI −12.36 to −4.49; moderate/severe FI: β = −8.02 95%CI −14.11 to −1.94), psychological (low FI β = −5.54 95%CI −9.11 to −1.96; moderate/severe FI β = −7.22 95%CI −12.76 to −1.68), social relationship (low FI: β = −6.62 95%CI −10.37 to −2.88), environment (low FI: β = −8.79 95%CI −11.99 to −5.60; moderate/severe FI β = −13.56 95%CI −18.51 to −8.62), and overall (low FI β = −8.10 95%CI −12.15 to −4.06; moderate/severe FI: β = −16.82 95%CI −23.08 to −10.57). FI was consistently associated with poor QoL in patients with chronic CD.

Thermoresponsive Platinum(II) 2,6-Di(pyrid-2-yl)pyrazine Complexes with Unusual Aggregation Behavior upon Heating

Prevalence of, and factors associated with oral sexual behaviours in men and women in Ibadan, Nigeria

Background Unprotected oral sex is associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HPV and associated head and neck cancers. However, many studies lack clear definitions of oral sex and there are few data from West Africa. This study assessed the pattern and prevalence of, and factors associated with oral sex among Nigerian men and women from the general population. Methods The Sexual Behaviours and HPV Infections in Nigerians in Ibadan (SHINI) study was a cross-sectional study conducted among men and women aged 18–45 years. Information on oral sexual behaviours was collected during a face-to-face interview by a sex-matched interviewer. Descriptive and multivariable analyses were used to analyse factors associated with oral sex in men and women. Results In total, 160/626 (26%) had ever any type of oral sex. Specifically, 78/626 (12%) had ever given and 139/626 (22%) had ever received oral sex in a heterosexual relationship. Overall, 35% (112/310) men had ever engaged in oral sex compared to women 15% (48/316 –p &lt; 0.001). More men frequently reported ever receiving oral sex than women (33% vs. 12%; p &lt; 0.001). There was no difference in the proportion of men and women that reported ever giving oral sex. Most (94%) participants never used any barrier protection during oral sex. Most men and women participants engaged in oral sex because of romantic relationship or being married. In the adjusted models, there was a higher odds of ever receiving oral sex (Adjusted odds ratio = AOR 4.01 95% CI 2.52–6.38) or engaging in any form of oral sex (AOR = 3.12, 95%CI 2.04–4.76) in men than women. Conclusion Though, Nigerian men and women engage in oral sex in heterosexual relationship, but it is more commonly reported by men than women and most of them practiced it without barrier protection. It is recommended that sexually active men and women are counselled on risks associated with unprotected oral sex including STIs, HIV and HPV and associated cancers.

In Situ Probing and Phosphate-Assisted Recovery of Proton Transfer to Eliminate H₂O₂ Formation in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Expression of Concern: Integrating running water monitoring tools with the Micro Biological Survey (MBS) method to improve water quality assessment

Seasonal changes in the structure of river fish communities in temperate Japan depicted using quantitative eDNA metabarcoding

Understanding fish communities contributes to various fields ranging from theoretical ecology to fisheries management. In rivers flowing from mountainous to urban areas and showing seasonal variations in water temperatures, fish community structure may be spatiotemporally affected by natural and anthropogenic factors. We investigated the spatial and seasonal dynamics of fish communities in the Isazu River (17.9 km) and its tributary, Ikeuchi River, in temperate Japan, using eDNA metabarcoding method. We detected 78 fish operational taxonomic units across four seasons at 12 sites along the river length. The fish community differed significantly among different seasons and sites, aligning with the distance from the river mouth. In particular, the eDNA concentrations (copies/L) of major fishery resources and endangered fish species varied among different seasons and sites, which may reflect species migration patterns. The river hosts a spatiotemporally dynamic fish community that provides substantial ecosystem services. Our study provides valuable insights into the complex relationships between fish communities and natural, anthropogenic, temporal, and spatial factors affecting these communities based on changes in eDNA concentrations.

Direct Natural Seawater Electrolysis through a Photoinduced Asymmetric Electric Field

Mussel periostracum protects against shell dissolution

Reductions to seawater pH challenge the shell integrity of marine calcifiers. Many molluscs have an external organic layer (the periostracum) that limits exposure of underlying shell to the outside environment, which could potentially help combat shell dissolution under corrosive seawater conditions. We tested this hypothesis in adult California mussels, Mytilus californianus. We quantified shell dissolution rates as a function of periostracum cover across three levels of reduced pH (7.7, 7.5, and 7.4 on the total scale). Since periostracum can also be eroded over time, we additionally conducted a first-pass examination of whether differing surface textures induced by abrasional processes might influence dissolution rates. We contextualized this set of experiments with measurements of mussel periostracum cover in multiple intertidal habitats. Our results indicate a threefold reduction in shell dissolution rate as periostracum cover increases from 10 to 85% of shell surface area. Dissolution was higher in lower-pH treatments and in treatments where periostracum removal resulted in shells with rougher surface texture, potentially due to increased microtopographic surface area of underlying shell exposed to corrosive seawater. Periostracum loss in the field was greater for mussels at higher shoreline elevations and in sunnier locations, where heat, ultraviolet radiation, and desiccation at low tide may weaken attachment of the periostracum to the shell and. These findings highlight the potential for protective structures of marine organisms to help confront increasingly acute global environmental stressors.

“It’s because they’re my kids, and I love them”: Substance use disorders’ impact on children and families: A secondary analysis

Background Substance use disorders (SUD) significantly impact the physical, social, and mental health of individuals, their families, and the wider community. Parental substance use can lead to long-term social and health problems for children. Examining resilience and its determinants among families directly affected by may uncover valuable insights to support families addressing SUD. The existing literature does not adequately address substance use within the context of families with young children and community resilience. Aim The current study aims to enhance our understanding of the daily impact of family members’ direct substance use or exposure to indirect substance use within the community on children and families through qualitative interviews. Methods The present study was a qualitative secondary analysis. Families with a self-identified history of adversity and resilience were enrolled in the main study. The qualitative transcripts were analyzed following reflexive thematic analysis. Findings Six families (12 adults, 4 children) were included in the secondary analysis. The analysis generated four themes: (1) How children affect resilience in families affected by SUD; (2) Service needs of parents with SUD to enhance family resilience; (3) The role of social support in family resilience; and (4) How perceptions of safety and trust challenge community resilience. Conclusions The study highlights the significant impact of family and community on the resilience of individuals affected by SUD. It emphasizes the importance of developing addictions services and social environments that are supportive of families with young children and supports the need for services that are substance-free, inclusive, and welcoming to children. Additionally, there is a need to improve service navigation and reduce barriers to care commonly experienced by parents affected by SUD.

A Superatomic {Ag₈}⁶⁺ Cluster Induced by Asymmetric Mixed-Addendum Polyoxometalate

Cost-effectiveness of the rural lifestyle eating and activity program (Rural LEAP)

Rural United States (U.S.) residents with obesity have unique challenges maintaining successful weight loss; tailored support resources such as individual behavioral coaching through telehealth are a cost-effective option. This study examined the cost-effectiveness of telephone-based individual coaching sessions for extended care after initial weight loss compared to an education-only control group. Trial data collected during a randomized trial conducted in rural counties in Florida from October 21, 2013, to December 21, 2018 informed the base case parameters. Using a program/participant perspective, cost-effectiveness was assessed for a 5-year time horizon using a discrete Markov model, with sensitivity analysis to test model assumptions. A 3% discount rate was used to value future time periods, and prices were inflated to 2024 values. Primary endpoints were the proportion of participants in each weight loss category, measured as a &lt; 5%, 5–10%, or &gt;10% reduction from baseline weight. Cost-effectiveness was assessed using program costs and participant-reported Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) and health care costs. Incremental cost effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated for the end of the trial and 5 years post-trial. Cost-effectiveness used a willingness-to-pay threshold of $150,000/QALY. Results identified that intervention with 18 individual telephone counseling sessions was more expensive than the education/control program to deliver ($555/participant vs. $27/participant) but also more effective (34.2% with at least 10% weight loss vs. 17.0% for control at the end of the intervention), with 6.4% of modeled participants expected to maintain at least 10% in baseline reduction at year 5, compared to 5.4% for controls. Intervention participants were predicted to have modestly lower out-of-pocket prescription and other medical costs compared to participants in the control group, which offset some of the incrementally higher coaching program costs. Predicted ICERs at 5 years ranged from $7,731 to $8,156 per QALY gained through the individual coaching program. Findings contribute to evidence needed to identify cost-effective strategies for long-term weight management and disease prevention for at-risk populations.

Synthesis of Borylated Orphaned Cyclopropanes through a Boron-Enabled Cycloisomerization Reaction

Effects of mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss and signal amplification on vocal emotion recognition in middle-aged–older individuals

Previous research has shown deficits in vocal emotion recognition in sub-populations of individuals with hearing loss. As emotion recognition is an essential ability that affects social interaction, and in extension, can impact well-being, understanding vocal emotion recognition difficulties is a high priority research topic. Furthermore, it has been shown that although hearing aids improves word recognition, it does not improve emotion recognition. To explore emotion recognition and the effect of amplification in individuals with hearing loss, we examined recognition of vocal emotions expressed both verbally and non-verbally in middle-aged to older individuals with and without linear amplification (similar amplification across sound levels). Twenty-one experienced hearing aid users with bilateral mild-to-moderate hearing loss, and 20 individuals with normal hearing performed a vocal emotion recognition task on sentences and non-verbal vocalizations. The hearing loss group had poorer emotion recognition for both sentences (F(1,38)=15.24, p &lt;0.001, η2p=0.29, without linear amplification, and F(1, 38)= 5.62, p=0.023, η2p=0.13, with linear amplification) and non-verbal vocalizations(F(1,38)= 25.18, p &lt;0.001, η2p=0.40, without linear amplification, and F(1, 38)= 10.30, p=0.003, η2p=0.21, with linear amplification). However, linear amplification significantly improved the recognition of happiness (p &lt; 0.001), which is distinguished by frequency parameters, for sentences. For non-verbal vocalizations, recognition of fear (p = 0.004) and anger (p = 0.004), were improved by linear amplification. Patterns of confusion were similar for the two groups, which may suggest that both groups perceived the emotions similarly, but that the degree of perceptual precision was lower in the hearing loss group. In sum, hearing loss negatively impacts vocal emotion recognition, but linear amplification can enhance recognition for some emotions.

A Microporous Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Framework with Alkynyl Sites for Highly Efficient Propane/Propylene Separation