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Coupling coordination of digitalization and greenization in China: novel evidence on sectoral linkages and transmission pathways

Reply to: On the robustness of topological gap detection via transport

Structural insights into spectral tuning and retinal exchange in cone visual pigments

Color vision in catarrhine primates relies on red-, green-, and blue-sensitive cone pigments that share an 11- cis -retinal chromophore but differ in absorption maxima. Red and green pigments arose by recent gene duplication and differ at only a few residues. Here, we report cryo–electron microscopy structures of red and green cone pigments from the cynomolgus macaque ( Macaca fascicularis ) integrated with low-temperature vibrational spectroscopy and quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical modeling. The red-green spectral shift is dominated by threonine 285, the hydroxyl dipole of which modulates chromophore electrostatics, whereas steric effects appear modest. We also identified membrane-facing lateral openings in cone pigments but not in inactive rhodopsin. Comparisons with active-state structures suggest activation-dependent gating, and mutational and spectroscopic analyses support a role for this opening in retinal uptake and rapid pigment regeneration.

Development of an Env based HIV mRNA vaccine through immunoinformatics and computational modeling

Innate factors and ontogeny determine nonbreeding areas of migrant songbirds

Migratory birds connect ecosystems worldwide and often show connectivity between breeding and nonbreeding areas, meaning that individuals have nonbreeding (“wintering”) locations close to others from the same breeding population. Although much work has characterized migration routes, we know little about what determines nonbreeding areas. We tracked pied flycatchers ( Ficedula hypoleuca ) from their entire breeding range and identified population-specific nonbreeding areas. Using an egg translocation experiment between the Netherlands and Sweden, we show that both inheritance and natal environment determine nonbreeding areas. Genetically Dutch birds that hatched in Sweden had nonbreeding areas intermediate between Swedish and Dutch populations. Although an inherited basis for migratory routes and nonbreeding areas may hamper rapid adaptation to a changing world, dispersing individuals can create new breeding–nonbreeding site combinations.

Hesperidin suppressed high-fat diet induced obesity via modulating ROS/JNK/BRD4/SHP2 signaling induced lipogenesis

On the robustness of topological gap detection via transport

An enteric neuron ionotropic receptor regulates salt stress resistance

The enduring pursuit of science in America

Imagine an American organization that convenes scientific experts not to advance any ideology or interest but to provide the nation with a clear understanding of complex problems. Imagine this body would follow the evidence rather than the headlines and earn its authority not through rhetoric or persuasion but careful and rigorous analysis and transparent processes. This institution exists—although its work faces pressing challenges—and it is more urgently needed today than at any point in living memory.

Pandemic preparedness for arthropod-borne infectious disease outbreaks in National Institute of Infectious Diseases

Simple and cost-effective UV spectrophotometric platforms integrating advanced green and blue metrics for concurrent analysis of dapagliflozin and vildagliptin in diabetes therapy

Abstract The co-administration of dapagliflozin (DPF) and vildagliptin (VLT) in tablet dosage forms is a clinically established strategy for managing of type 2 diabetes mellitus and has demonstrated favorable therapeutic outcomes. Nevertheless, the simultaneous quantitative determination of both drugs remains challenging because of the severe overlap in their UV absorption spectra, with λ max values at 224 nm for DPF and 214 nm for VLT. In this study, novel eco-friendly UV spectrophotometric methods were developed and validated for the accurate determination of DPF and VLT in their combined pharmaceutical formulations. The proposed methods include Fourier deconvolution, mean centering, dual wavelength, and induced dual wavelength techniques, which allow precise, reliable, and sensitive analysis without the need for prior separation. These approaches are simple, minimize noise in ratio spectra, and require limited mathematical manipulation, thereby reducing analysis time. DPF and VLT showed linear responses over concentration ranges of 2–24 µg/mL and 10–100 µg/mL, respectively. The limits of detection ranged from 0.00486 to 0.7979 µg/mL for DPF and from 0.0185 to 0.8690 µg/mL for VLT. Method greenness was evaluated using Eco-scale, GAPI, MoGAPI, CaFRI, and blueness assessment, while CACI was applied to assess overall analytical performance. Statistical comparison between the methods showed no significant differences.

Iron-catalyzed active lipid peroxides drive ultrafast collective cell death in blooming algae

Harmful algal blooms, the most severe ecological hazards worldwide, terminate abruptly within a few days. In this work, we identified that iron-catalyzed active lipid peroxides predominantly trigger individual cell ferroptosis and drive the population collapse of blooming cyanobacteria. We reveal the chronological sequence of labile iron burst, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and cell death during a Microcystis bloom demise event. Dead cells exhibit a nonrandom spatial distribution within colonies. Intensifying lipid peroxidation catalyzed by cellular labile iron generates truncated phospholipids with shortened fatty acyl chains bearing alkyl groups. These active lipid peroxides destabilize plasma membranes and induce nanoscale membrane pore formation, resulting in individual cell ferroptosis and lysis. Oxidized lipids are also released from ferroptotic cells, propagating lipid peroxidation to neighboring cells, thereby spreading death throughout the population.

First record of <i>Eutrombicula wichmanni</i> (Acari: Trombiculidae) in the Amami Islands of Japan, based on human-bite samples

Enhancing enterprise decision support via swin transformer-based OCR-free information extraction

Structural N- and O-glycans revealed by high-resolution cryo-EM analysis of tubular mastigonemes

The chemical complexity and nontemplated biosynthesis of glycans have posed considerable challenges for establishing sequence-structure relationships. Here we report cryo–electron microscopy structures of tubular mastigonemes from a golden alga species, Ochromonas danica , in which a large number of N- and O-glycans are resolved at 1.8- to 2.2-angstrom resolution. Beyond high-mannose and complex N-glycans, we identify a noncanonical N-glycan on the Ala-Asn-Asp (AND) motif. The surface spikes comprise dense O-glycans coating PSXX tetrapeptide repeats, with two glycans linked on trihydroxylated proline and one on serine per repeat. In addition to various types of sugars and their covalent modifiers, water molecules (>10% of resolved volume) and cations are clearly resolved and mediate the structural assembly. Our study establishes a framework for investigating glycan folding in high-order biological assemblies.

Results of mosquito inspections on international aircraft at Narita International Airport in Japan (2022–2024)

Hydrogels in medicine and biotechnology

Do not leave fungi out of impact assessments

Nano–electron volt Fourier-limited transition of a single surface-adsorbed molecule

High-resolution spectroscopy allows the probing of weak interactions and subtle phenomena. Although such measurements are routinely performed in the gas phase and in crystalline materials, studies of adsorbed species on surfaces have previously fallen short of the ultimate spectral resolution, where dephasing is eliminated and the transition linewidth is determined by the excited-state lifetime. In this work, we devise an approach to surface preparation and deposition that provides access to Fourier-limited electronic transitions in single molecules on the surface of an organic crystal. By performing spectroscopy and super-resolution microscopy at liquid helium temperature, we shed light on the spectral and spatial features of the adsorbed species. Our results pave the way for investigations in solid-state physics, where angstrom spatial resolution can be combined with high-resolution laser spectroscopy.

Evaluation of a car-based method for detecting the invasive Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl in road infrastructure

Abstract Growing recognition of the negative impacts of invasive alien plants on native species diversity and ecosystem function has led to greater focus on effective management strategies. Monitoring is crucial for both prevention of establishment and planning of eradication of established IAPs. However, monitoring is often constrained by resource limitations, and less time-consuming methods risk providing too low levels of detection. Lupinus polyphyllus is a highly problematic non-native plant species in Europe. We evaluated the detection performance of a car-based survey method for finding L. polyphyllus in road verges and how the physical characteristics of the stands influenced their detection from the car. At the 200 m scale, 85% of sections containing L. polyphyllus were correctly identified, while 72% of individual stands were detected. Results indicated that detection probability was influenced by stand density and position in the road verge. Dense stands had the highest detection probability, while single plants were less likely to be detected. Stands present in side and back slopes were more likely to be detected than those only in one slope, with the side slope stands having the lowest detection probability. Our study shows that the car-based survey is a reliable large-scale method for detecting L. polyphyllus and for providing a general estimate of its abundance in road verges. Such information is useful for designing management strategies to hinder seed production and dispersal of the invasive. Since the detection success of single plants was lower, more detailed surveys at local scales are recommended for early eradication.