Browse Articles

A Unified Radical C–SuFEx Platform via Catalytic EDA Complex‐Mediated S(VI)─F Bond Activation

ABSTRACT Sulfur(VI) Fluoride Exchange (SuFEx) chemistry has emerged as a powerful tool for forging diverse molecular architectures. While sulfur(VI) fluorides are typically employed as S(VI) + electrophiles in defluorinative reactions with heteroatom nucleophiles, the direct formation of S(VI)─C bonds via C–SuFEx processes remains a significant challenge and is largely underdeveloped. Herein, we report a general and practical radical‐based C‐SuFEx platform that enables the ligation of sulfonyl and sulfonimidoyl fluorides with alkenes and alkynes, providing direct access to alkynyl sulfones, alkenyl sulfones, and alkenyl sulfonimidoyl derivatives. Mechanistic studies support the involvement of a catalytic electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complex formed between triarylamines and sulfur(VI) fluorides, which facilitates mild activation of S(VI)–F bonds to generate key sulfur(VI)‐centered radicals. The synthetic utility of this methodology is further demonstrated through sequential C–SuFEx/cycloaddition transformations, offering a versatile and modular route to structurally diverse and functionally enriched molecular frameworks.

Application of tubeless mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy under local anesthesia and lateral position in ambulatory surgery: a pilot feasibility study

Local Electronic Modulation in Pillararene‐Based Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymers for Selective Photocatalytic Oxygen Reduction

ABSTRACT Constructing donor–acceptor (D–A) architectures is a widely adopted strategy for modulating the global band structures of photocatalytic polymers. However, it remains challenging to apply this approach to precisely fine‐tune the local electronic environment of active sites to optimize elementary catalytic steps while preserving the overall conjugated network. In this work, pillararenes with electron‐rich cavities are introduced into D–A conjugated polymers to construct a new material named BTzAP[5], whose reaction mechanism in photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide synthesis is systematically investigated. The electron‐rich cavity of pillararene modulates adjacent imine nitrogen active sites via the extended π‐conjugated system, significantly increasing their electron density, oxygen adsorption, and activation capacities. The tailored structure promotes a rapid stepwise two‐electron ORR pathway of O 2 to H 2 O 2 , with minimal free superoxide accumulation, achieving a production rate of 4086 µmol g −1 h −1 . This work offers a new strategy for achieving synergistic optimization of overall electronic engineering and local design of active sites in D–A type conjugated polymers.

Short-term affective consequences of engaging in brief self-compassion and other-compassion exercises

Abstract Compassion-based interventions are widely used to promote emotional well-being, yet their differential effects on affective arousal level remain poorly understood. The present study examined the immediate affective consequences of brief self- and other-compassion writing exercises, differentiating between positive and negative affect across high- and low-arousal levels. Participants ( N  = 230) were randomized to either a self-compassion or an other-compassion condition. General positive affect (PA), high-arousal PA, low-arousal PA, general negative affect (NA), high-arousal NA, and low-arousal NA were assessed before and after the writing task. Mixed ANOVAs with time and conditions as factors were conducted as primary analyses. Results indicated that both conditions were associated with reductions in low-arousal NA, with significantly stronger decreases for self-compassion. Other-compassion additionally showed a significant decrease in high-arousal PA that was not observed in the self-compassion condition. These findings suggest that compassion-based writing exercises produce selective rather than broad immediate affective change, and that practicing compassion for others may carry a short-term affective cost in the form of reduced high-arousal PA. Potentially, this drop in high-arousal PA may function as a barrier to sustained engagement with other-compassion practices, particularly in culture that value high-arousal PA. Pairing other-compassion exercises with activities that boost or restore (high arousal) PA may therefore support more consistent engagement with compassion-based interventions.

3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) propionic acid prevents renal fibrosis and inflammation in CKD mice induced by adenine

Rapid detection of urinary tract infection by analyzing the dried spots of biological fluids using convolutional neural networks

A user-intent guided diffusion-segmentation collaborative framework for controllable digital media content generation

Inside Front Cover: Specific Ion Effects of Chaotropic and Superchaotropic Anions Probed by Raman Hydration‐Shell Spectroscopy (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 27/2026)

Modeling irrigation strategy impacts on conjunctive surface–groundwater use in the semi-arid Sarab Basin, Iran

Abstract Water scarcity in the semi-arid Sarab Basin, exacerbated by population growth and inefficient irrigation, demands integrated water management. This study aims to apply a novel WEAP-HYDRUS-MODFLOW-MT3DMS framework linking all hydrological compartments to assess the quantity and quality impacts of irrigation modernization and management strategies in Urmia Lake Basin, Iran. Simulations for 2009–2018 evaluated sprinkler, 60% (S60) and 70% (S70) efficiency, and drip systems, 80% (D80) and 90% (D90) efficiency under two strategies: water conservation via demand management strategy (DMS) and agricultural development strategy (ADS) using saved water. Results show irrigation modernization (S60 to D90) under DMS increases streamflow from 84.3 mcm/yr to 112–131 mcm/yr, while groundwater levels rise by 1.5–2.4 m with TDS increasing by 1.3–2 mg/L. Conversely, ADS reduces streamflow to 74.5–79.8 mcm/yr, lowers groundwater levels by 0.6–1.2 m, and raises TDS by 0.9–1.9 mg/L. Surface water quality, with groundwater return flow considered, improves by 94–136 mg/L (DMS) and 25–100 mg/L (ADS). The study underscores irrigation modernization advantages under DMS while warning against reallocation in ADS. Findings emphasize policymakers should prioritize water constraints over land expansion for sustainable development in semi-arid regions like Iran, as irrigation modernization alone cannot restore Urmia Lake.

An in-vivo evaluation of the multi-channel bioimpedance method in monitoring radiofrequency ablation lesions

Unlocking Surface Sodiation Threshold of Titanium Dioxide via Coupled Electrochemical‐Thermal Activation

ABSTRACT Titanium dioxide anodes for sodium‐ion batteries undergo an electrochemically‐induced phase transformation from crystalline to active amorphous phase in a thin surface layer, resulting in surface‐dependent capacities. The origins of this limited active layer remain unclear. Herein, we reveal that the sluggish movement of the amorphous|crystalline boundary during initial sodiation determines the thickness of the surface‐active layer. To unlock surface sodiation threshold, we propose a coupled electrochemical‐thermal activation protocol to promote the continuous movement of the amorphous|crystalline boundary during the initial cycle, thereby permanently increasing the reversible sodiation capacity. The anatase TiO 2 ‐35 nm anode delivers an enhanced capacity from 116 to 190 mAh g −1 at 0.1 A g −1 after electrochemical‐thermal activation, accompanied by its high‐rate capability and long‐term cyclability. The electrochemical‐thermal activation is also efficient for enhancing the Li + /Na + storage capacities of rutile TiO 2 anodes. This work opens a pathway for enhancing electrochemically‐induced irreversible phase transformations with enhanced charge storage performance.

MSCSM-YOLOv11s: multi-scale feature extraction and CSM attention for small target detection

A phase-equilibrium outranking method with hysteresis-banded thresholds for robust multi-criteria decision making: PEOM

Fully Planarized Donor Enables Record‐High Efficiency for Blue Through‐Space Charge Transfer Emission

ABSTRACT Through‐space charge transfer (TSCT) emitters featuring spatially separated donor‐acceptor architecture offer a promising strategy for designing thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials. However, developing high‐performance blue TSCT emitter remains challenging due to the intrinsic trade‐off between a wide bandgap and sufficient spatial electronic interactions. Herein, a fully planarized donor, in favor of strengthening spatial interactions and suppressing non‐radiative decay, is proposed to construct blue TSCT emitter. The resulting emitter exhibits an emission peak of 467 nm, a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 98% and a large reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) rate of 1.8×10 6  s −1 . Organic light‐emitting diodes based on the emitter achieve a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE max ) of 34.0% with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.16, 0.29) and a maximum luminance of 21560 cd m −2 , which, to the best of our knowledge, represents the state‐of‐the‐art performances for blue TSCT emitters. Furthermore, hyperfluorescent devices employing the emitter as sensitizer demonstrate a high EQE max of 35.8% with a narrow full width at half maximum of 20 nm and CIE coordinates of (0.12, 0.14). This work demonstrates the critical importance of the fully planarized donor for developing high‐efficiency blue TSCT emitter.

Refuge limitation structures habitat use in agricultural landscapes: evidence from Sunda pangolins

Abstract Wildlife persistence in human-modified landscapes is often inferred from habitat use, yet this assumption may overlook critical life-history constraints such as access to secure resting refuges. Using long-term Very High Frequency telemetry of eight sympatric Sunda pangolins ( Manis javanica ) in a forest–oil palm plantation mosaic in Sabah, Malaysia, we quantified denning range size, spatial overlap, sleeping site use, and reuse to evaluate how fine-scale refuge use structures space use. Denning range size and spatial overlap did not differ between forest-only and mixed forest–plantation individuals, indicating that macrohabitat context alone did not constrain denning spatial organisation. However, pangolins disproportionately used structurally enclosed sleeping sites such as tree hollows and burrows, while plantation use was largely restricted to exposed palm crowns that exhibited the lowest reuse rates. Sleeping site reuse probability was higher in forests than in plantations and was primarily structured by microhabitat type. These results demonstrate a decoupling between habitat use and functional habitat suitability, whereby animals may occupy modified landscapes while remaining dependent on a limited set of structurally stable refuges. Conservation strategies in agricultural landscapes should therefore prioritise the retention and restoration of structurally complex refuges, rather than relying solely on habitat extent or connectivity, to avoid overestimating functional habitat suitability for shelter-dependent species.

From intention to action in youth sustainable landscape engagement within urban residential communities

Abstract Sustainable landscape practices in urban residential communities increasingly connect ecological governance, spatial renewal, and residents’ everyday lives in the context of globalization, urbanization, and post-pandemic urban change. However, youth participation at this micro-level remains limited. This study examines the low-participation of young residents aged 19–34 in sustainable community landscape practices in different types of urban residential communities in Zhengzhou, Henan, China. Drawing on a qualitative research design, this study conducted semi-structured interviews with 29 young residents who had engaged only minimally or had almost no involvement in such practices, and interpreted the data through reflexive thematic analysis. The findings suggest that young people’s low-participation does not simply stem from insufficient environmental awareness, but rather from the combined influence of multiple daily contextual factors. The study further shows that relational and responsibility-based motivations, together with experiential and belonging-based support, may activate participation intentions when community conditions are enabling. By situating youth engagement within everyday residential contexts, this study provides a micro-level explanation for the gap between sustainability awareness and action, and offers implications for youth-friendly sustainable community development.

Direct Seawater Hydrogen Evolution via Atomically Precise Regulation of Interfacial pH and Ion‐Water Interactions

ABSTRACT Direct seawater electrolysis offers a sustainable route to green hydrogen production from abundant saline water resources, yet industrial applications are limited by sluggish kinetics and catalyst deactivation caused by Mg(OH) 2 /Ca(OH) 2 precipitation or Cl − corrosion. Here, we report a pH‐gradient‐mediated interfacial engineering strategy that simultaneously enhances activity and stability of metal nanocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in natural seawater. By using atomically precise Pt 6 (TPP) 4 Cl 5 nanoclusters (NCs) (Pt 6 ‐TPP, TPP = triphenylphosphine) as paradigm catalysts, we demonstrate self‐organized TPP ligands on cluster surface tether Na + /K + via cation–π interactions. The locally concentrated Na + /K + cations disrupt the hydrogen‐bond network of water molecules for accelerating HER kinetics, and electrostatically attract OH − to establish an alkaline interfacial pH, which can propagate into a diffuse pH gradient toward the bulk of the solution. This pH gradient drives Mg 2+ /Ca 2+ precipitation away from the catalytic surface, preventing site blockage. The enriched OH − can also resist Cl − corrosion of Pt 6 ‐TPP NCs. Consequently, Pt 6 ‐TPP achieves 10 mA cm −2 at an overpotential of 292 mV and retains exceptional stability (> 500 h) under intermittent renewable‐energy operation, with one‐tenth the Pt loading of commercial Pt/C. This work establishes a pH gradient‐mediated interfacial chemistry framework enabled by atomically precise engineering, providing guidance for sustainable and efficient direct seawater hydrogen evolution.

Neural oscillations underlying the impact of the road environment on hazard perception

SPECTRAL: An Intelligent and Ultra‐Sensitive Photonic Hydrogel Platform for Biomarker‐Based Cancer Prediction

ABSTRACT Point‐of‐care (POC) biosensing holds great promise for noninvasive cancer diagnostics, as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) serves as a minimally invasive biomarker for early detection. However, effective ctDNA detection remains challenging due to low abundance and complex workflows. Herein, we present SPECTRAL (Smart Photonic‐hydrogel Enhanced chip for Cancer Type Recognition and AnaLysis), a sequencing‐free platform integrating photonic‐crystal hydrogels with charge‐neutral peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes for efficient volumetric signal transduction and single‐nucleotide discrimination. Photonic‐crystal‐enhanced fluorescence amplifies signals of fluorescently labeled recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) amplicons, achieving a detection limit of 100 copies per µL, with substantially improved sensitivity over conventional fluorescence assays. A single SPECTRAL chip simultaneously profiles 205 ctDNA mutations and eight protein biomarkers from plasma samples. The PNA sensor library is generated via an automated synthesis system guided by machine learning (ML)‐predicted probe difficulty. Multimodal signals are analyzed using cloud‐based ML to classify multiple cancer types (lung, breast, and colorectal), achieving 90.0% specificity and 86.7% sensitivity (87.5% overall accuracy) within 100 min from sample to diagnosis, based on validation with patient plasma samples. By combining molecular biosensing, photonic signal amplification, and AI‐driven analysis, SPECTRAL provides a low‐instrument‐dependent platform for decentralized liquid‐biopsy cancer diagnostics.

Insights from the competition–palatability trade-off paradigm on the reversibility of coral-to-macroalgae regime shifts

Abstract Regime shifts often have profoundly negative ramifications, underscoring the need to better understand processes that influence their reversibility. We explored the interplay between trophic and competitive interactions in shaping resilience of seaweed states following coral-to-macroalgae shifts on tropical reefs. Herbivore feeding and competition assays indicated that interactions involving common seaweed species were consistent with the competition-palatability trade-off paradigm: the most consumed alga ( Amansia rhodantha ) ranked as best competitor, the least consumed ( Turbinaria ornata ) ranked as the worst, and a third ( Sargassum pacificum ) was intermediate in both aspects. A two-year experiment revealed that mixed-species seaweed assemblages became overgrown by Amansia when herbivores were excluded, whereas Turbinaria was the only seaweed that persisted under high herbivory. Additional experimentation showed that much less herbivory was needed to extirpate palatable seaweeds relative to unpalatable Turbinaria . This relationship between seaweed resistance and palatability supports predications that coral-seaweed bistability becomes more likely when algae are less vulnerable to consumers. As such, the trade-off paradigm provided valuable insight into the nature and reversibility of coral-to-macroalgae shifts. Because such trade-offs are likely to be common in plant communities, these insights may well be applicable to regime shifts in a broad range of ecosystems.