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Correcting congenital myasthenia-associated acetylcholine receptor defects
Iron-Catalyzed Chemodivergent Sequential Reactions of Alkynes and Organozinc Reagents
Synergistic CuO-CeO2 nanocomposites with narrow band gap for high-performance photocatalysis under solar light irradiation and antibacterial action
N4-Acetylcytidine enhances synthetic mRNA translation yield and fidelity
Abstract Synthetic mRNA therapeutics offer a versatile platform for treating diverse conditions, including cancer and infectious diseases. For delivery into cells, these mRNAs are encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles and commonly incorporate modified ribonucleotides to improve stability, enhance translation and mitigate immune recognition 1 . N 1 -Methylpseudouridine (m 1 Ψ) has become the industry standard for synthetic mRNAs owing to its effectiveness in promoting translation and reducing immunogenicity 2 . However, recent studies have shown that m 1 Ψ can compromise translational fidelity, leading to errors such as premature termination and ribosomal frameshifting 3–5 . Here we reveal N 4 -acetylcytidine (ac 4 C) as a functionally distinct alternative to m 1 Ψ. Across cultured cell lines, primary human monocyte-derived dendritic cells and mouse liver, ac 4 C suppressed inflammatory responses as effectively as m 1 Ψ while driving higher protein yields. Single-molecule imaging of translation revealed broadly similar ribosome densities per mRNA for ac 4 C-modified and m 1 Ψ-modified transcripts. However, translation elongation with m 1 Ψ-modified mRNA was nearly twofold slower than with ac 4 C, which resulted in reduced protein output and increased ribosome collisions that further limited protein production through the engagement of quality-control pathways and +1 frameshifting. These findings underscore the importance of context in designing therapeutic mRNAs and position the translation elongation rate as a key determinant of the efficacy of modified ribonucleotides.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Asymmetric <i>N</i> -Glycans in Aqueous Solution via Sulfate and Phosphate Orthogonal Protection
Excited‐State Pathway Switching via Reversible Structural Phase Transitions in Sb <sup>3+</sup> ‐Doped Cadmium Halides
ABSTRACT Reversible control of structural phase transitions and luminescence remains a key challenge in organic–inorganic hybrid metal halides for stimuli‐responsive photonic applications. Here, we report two new zero‐dimensional (0D) Cd‐based metal halides, (DFPD) 6 CdCl 8 and (DFPD) 2 CdCl 4 ·H 2 O (DFPD + = 4,4‐difluoropiperidine), in which Sb 3+ doping enables distinct emission behaviors governed by coordination geometry. Combined spectroscopic studies and theoretical calculations reveal that Sb 3+ ‐doped (DFPD) 6 CdCl 8 exhibits yellow emission with a large Stokes shift arising from triplet self‐trapped exciton ( 3 STE) emission, whereas Sb 3+ ‐doped (DFPD) 2 CdCl 4 ·H 2 O displays excitation‐dependent emission due to competing singlet STE ( 1 STE) and 3 STE states. This contrast originates from the different Cd–Cl coordination environments (octahedral vs. tetrahedral), which modulate the energy levels and transition dipole moments. Importantly, hydrochloric acid (HCl) and 4,4‐difluoropiperidine induce fully reversible interconversion between the two structures, allowing dynamic switching between yellow and deep‐orange emission. Based on this reversible luminescence, we further demonstrated applications in dynamic anti‐counterfeiting and multilevel information encryption. This work establishes a coordination‐structure‐driven strategy for programmable emission in 0D hybrid metal halides.
An interpretable AI framework using XGB-POA for micropile compressive stiffness prediction
Steatosis shapes prognosis-defining liver metastasis heterogeneity in CRC
Pressure-Induced Superconductivity in the Thermoelectric Semiconductor Mg <sub>3</sub> Sb <sub>2</sub>
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of NAC transcription factors in Pterocarpus santalinus: identification of candidate genes associated with leaf senescence
HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-based metabolomic profiling combined with chemometric analysis links lichen metabolites to anti-inflammatory activity
Abstract Lichens are a rich source of bioactive secondary metabolites with potential anti-inflammatory properties. This study involved the comprehensive phytochemical profiling of 39 lichen species collected in eastern Poland using HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS, combined with chemometric analysis and biological activity testing. After data processing, a total of 91 compounds were identified, with depsides and depsidones constituting the dominant chemical classes. Multivariate analyses (PCA and PLS-DA) revealed distinct metabolomic patterns among the species and highlighted the relationship between metabolite composition and biological activity. The anti-inflammatory potential of lichen extracts was evaluated in LPS-stimulated macrophages by measuring the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity. Most extracts significantly reduced ROS levels, indicating a consistent antioxidant effect. In contrast, modulation of NO and COX-2 was more variable and generally less pronounced. Chemometric analyses suggested that multiple metabolites contribute to the observed anti-inflammatory activity, with evidence of an inverse relationship between ROS reduction and COX-2 inhibition. Although some compounds were found to be associated with biological effects, the results indicate that these effects are likely to be driven by the complex interactions within the extracts rather than by the action of individual constituents. Overall, lichens emerge as promising sources of anti-inflammatory agents, primarily acting through antioxidant mechanisms.