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Motion of Molecules in Supramolecular Scaffolds Enhances Bone Regeneration

Generation of Rare Sugars by Electrochemical Oxidation of <scp>d</scp>-Glucose Using Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode

Patient safety culture in resource-limited healthcare settings: A multicentre survey

Objective: To assess healthcare professionals’ perceptions of patient safety culture and to examine variations across clinical units in Eastern Ethiopian public hospitals. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSoPSC 2.0) tool. Analysis of variance and ordinal logistic regression analyses were performed. Results were presented as mean differences and an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI), and statistical significance was set at a p-value &lt; 0.05. Content analysis was performed for data provided through the open-ended response option. Results: A total of 582 questionnaires were returned, yielding a response rate of 85%. Overall positive patient safety culture score was 47% (95% CI: 41–53%). Intensive care units (ICUs) scored significantly lower on patient safety culture dimensions compared to other clinical units. Factors contributing to the patient safety ratings included Midwives (AOR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.06–0.71, p = 0.013), Organisational learning and continuous improvement (AOR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.04–1.76, p = 0.025), Supervisor, manager, or clinical leader support for patient safety (AOR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.06–1.89, p = 0.02), and Hospital management support for patient safety (AOR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.00–1.63, p = 0.049). The challenges in ensuring patient safety included the absence of patient safety incident reporting systems, severe resource constraints, limited awareness regarding patient safety, ineffective communication, poor management support, and a blame-oriented organisational culture. Conclusions: Significant improvement in patient safety culture in Ethiopian public hospitals, especially in the ICU, is critically needed to mitigate healthcare risks and ensure patient safety. Addressing these issues requires targeted patient safety training, strong leadership support, and adequate resource allocation. Further exploration of ICU-specific patient safety insights and validation of the HSoPSC 2.0 tool within the Ethiopian healthcare context should be undertaken to ensure cultural and contextual relevance.

Rational Molecular Design of Aryl-Lithium Reagent Enables Precise Chemical Prelithiation of Graphite Anodes for Achieving Ideal 100% Initial Coulombic Efficiency

Multi-region investigation of ‘man’ as default in attitudes

Previous research has studied the extent to which men are the default members of social groups in terms of memory, categorization, and stereotyping, but not attitudes which is critical because of attitudes’ relationship to behavior. Results from our survey (N &gt; 5000) collected via a globally distributed laboratory network in over 40 regions demonstrated that attitudes toward Black people and politicians had a stronger relationship with attitudes toward the men rather than the women of the group. However, attitudes toward White people had a stronger relationship with attitudes toward White women than White men, whereas attitudes toward East Asian people, police officers, and criminals did not have a stronger relationship with attitudes toward either the men or women of each respective group. Regional agreement with traditional gender roles was explored as a potential moderator. These findings have implications for understanding the unique forms of prejudice women face around the world.

Structural Basis and Rational Design of Nucleotide Analogue Inhibitor Evading the SARS-CoV-2 Proofreading Enzyme

Correction: Validation of depression, anxiety, and stress scales (DASS-21) among Thai nursing students in an online learning environment during the COVID-19 outbreak: A multi-center study

Pore-Space-Partition-Oriented Sandwich Platinum Array Confined in a Metal–Organic Framework for Boosting Overall Water Splitting

Effects of maternal anemia on low-birth-weight in Sub-Sahara African countries: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction Maternal anemia is a major public health concern that affects women globally, with a particularly high prevalence in developing countries, notably in sub-Saharan Africa. This condition is linked to negative birth outcomes, with low birth weight being a common consequence of maternal anemia during pregnancy. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effect of maternal anemia on low birth weight in the context of sub-Saharan African countries. Methods This study involved searching electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science, as well as reference lists and citation tracking for additional studies. It included cohort, case control, and cross-sectional studies published in English between January 2015 and June 2024. Data were extracted using Covidence and transferred to Microsoft Excel, then to Stata™ Version 17.0 for analysis. Heterogeneity was assessed with forest plots and the Inverse variance (I2) test. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and meta-regression were performed to explore sources of heterogeneity, while funnel plot symmetry was evaluated for publication bias. The meta-analytic effect was summarized using pooled odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, and I2 tests for heterogeneity. This was registered on the PROSPERO under the identification number CRD42024561098. Result A total of 1213 articles were identified, 71 of which were screened for full-text review, and 21 involving women from sub-Saharan African countries met the inclusion criteria, and were included in this meta-analysis. Women with anemia during pregnancy are at higher risk of giving birth to babies with low birth weight compared to women without anemia (AOR = 3.37; 95% CI: 2.66–4.27; I2: 96.71%). Conclusion Maternal anemia during pregnancy was identified as a significant risk factor for low birth weight. Such that the incidence of low birth weight could possibly be reduced with early identification and proper care of anemia during pregnancy.

Ether Rhodamines with Enhanced Hydrophilicity, Fluorogenicity, and Brightness for Super-Resolution Imaging

A study on driving behavior characteristics and influencing factors of older drivers at signal-controlled and unsignal-controlled intersections

Due to a decline in psychological function, older drivers have a high incidence of crashes, especially at intersections. The study considered the characteristics of older drivers and designed a driving experiment that includes two scenarios: signal-controlled intersections and unsignal-controlled intersections. A total of 39 drivers participated in the experiment. The results indicated that compared to the young and middle-aged drivers, older drivers exhibited the following characteristics. From a time perspective, older drivers initiated decelerate and turning maneuvers earlier after entering intersections. Their overall turning process was smoother, as indicated by smaller peak steering wheel cornerings, lower steering reversal rates, and reduced lateral acceleration variability. And older drivers slowed down and turned earlier at signal-controlled intersections. From a spatial perspective, older drivers experienced a decrease in speed before entering the two intersections, followed by a sustained increase in speed and steering wheel cornerings. And there were frequent fluctuations in the speed and steering wheel cornering of older drivers at unsignal-controlled intersections. Finally, two Generalized Linear Mixed Models were developed to examine factors affecting driving stability, focusing on speed and steering control. Results showed that traffic control, driver type, and cognitive function had significant impacts. These findings enhance understanding of older drivers’ behavior and provide a reference for improving age-friendly transport systems and safety training. To better support older drivers, vehicle design, traffic signs, infrastructure planning, and management policies should consider their driving characteristics.

Regioselective Hydropyridylation of Heteroatom-Functionalized Internal Alkenes by Half-Sandwich Rare-Earth Catalysts

Laryngeal ultrasound for the prediction of severe laryngomalacia

Background Laryngeal ultrasound (LUS) is a noninvasive, painless, and radiation-free imaging method that presents a promising alternative, especially for the dynamic assessment of laryngeal structures. It can also be utilized by general practitioners. This study assesses the diagnostic accuracy, patient comfort, and cost-effectiveness of LUS compared to flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy (FFL) for diagnosing laryngomalacia in infants aged ≤ 2 years with stridor-specific airway issues. Methods A total of 43 infants presented with inspiratory stridor or other airway symptoms and underwent assessments using both flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy and laryngeal ultrasound. Laryngomalacia was diagnosed based on a vocal fold–arytenoid abduction angle of ≤120° and arytenoid and/or vocal fold collapse during inspiration. The diagnostic performance of LUS was compared with FFL, and the severity of the disease was evaluated. Both the pediatric endoscopist and radiologist were blinded to the patients’ diagnoses and study results. Results A total of participants was included in the study, comprising 35% males and 65% females. The mean age of 4.52 ± 5.44 months and the mean weight of 4.62 ± 2.23 kg. Laryngomalacia was diagnosed in 60% of cases using FFL, with seven infants requiring surgical intervention; all were also identified as having laryngomalacia via LUS. LUS demonstrated diagnostic efficiency for laryngomalacia in 7 out of 19 infants, with a sensitivity of 26.92%, specificity of 100%, negative predictive value of 47.22%, and positive predictive value of 100%. The overall diagnostic accuracy of LUS was 55.8%. Conclusion While LUS cannot replace FFL as the primary diagnostic tool for infant laryngomalacia, it serves as a valuable adjunct for follow-up assessments and for identifying moderate to severe cases that may require surgical intervention. Further research and advancements in ultrasound technology may enhance diagnostic accuracy and broaden clinical applications for general practitioners.

Growth of Monolayer WS₂ Lateral Homojunctions via <i>In Situ</i> Domain Engineering

Emotion-based design research of rural street spaces using eye-tracking technology: A case study of Huixingtou Village in Handan City

Rural street spaces serve as primary venues for communal activities, yet emotion-based design in these spaces remains underexplored. This study delineates three typical scales of rural street spaces in China northern plains region, utilizing eye-tracking technology, investigates the constituent elements and materials of various optimized design schemes, analyzing people’s emotional perceptions of different elements and materials. The results indicate that: (1) narrower streets evoke a greater sense of security among individuals; (2) an increased variety and quantity of paving materials, landscape flower beds, seating areas, and public facilities heighten people’s visual interest, enhancing the spatial publicness and safety; (3) higher coverage of green landscape relaxes visual perceptions, leading individuals to linger and dwell in the space. Consequently, through judicious design of scale, constituent elements, and materials, rural street spaces can be effectively imbued with emotional expressions, thereby elevating the spatial quality of rural street spaces to meet people’s emotional needs.

Nanoparticles Selectively Regulate the Generation and Scavenging of Multiple Reactive Oxygen Species at Designated Locations and States

Prevalence and factors associated with anemia among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic in East Lombok district, Indonesia

Background Maternal anemia is a major public health problem that has detrimental effects on pregnancy and birth outcomes. The threat of food insecurity and nutritional deficiencies is growing as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of anemia among pregnant women in East Lombok during the pandemic. Materials and methods This community-based cross-sectional study is part of an observational cohort study entitled “UKRI-GCRF Action Against Stunting Hub (AASH)” in rural areas of East Lombok, Indonesia. Data were collected from women (18–40 years) in their third trimester pregnancy (N = 446) from June 2021 to January 2022. Data collection included hemoglobin, mid-upper arm circumference, intestinal helminth infections, and structured questionnaires for sociodemographic, dietary diversity, pregnancy-related, food security (US-HFSSM), reduced coping strategy index (rCSI), and COVID-19-related variables. The association between anemia and its determinants was analyzed using binary logistic regression model. Results Anemia was found in 40.8% of pregnant women in third trimester. During the pandemic, 74.7% and 28.9% of women reported a decrease in household income and food expenditure whereas 47% of them reported having medium-to-high coping strategies. The proportion of women who had chronic energy deficiency (CED), inadequate dietary diversity, non-use of contraceptives was 10.5%, 28.3%, and 38.8%, respectively. In logistic regression, anemia was significantly associated with CED (AOR = 1.92; 95%CI: 1.06–3.48), inadequate dietary diversity (AOR = 1.58; 95%CI: 1.02–2.45), and non-use of contraception (AOR = 1.58; 95%CI: 1.02–2.45). Conclusions The prevalence of maternal anemia was high in the study area, and it was associated with CED, inadequate dietary diversity, and non-use of contraception. The findings highlight the importance of improving anemia control programs among pregnant women through nutrition education focusing on food based dietary recommendations, and conditional cash transfer which include family planning and compliance of iron folic acid to strengthen their resilience to natural phenomenon such as COVID-19 in rural areas like East Lombok.

Functionalized Porous Polymer Networks as High-Performance PFAS Adsorbents

Integrative analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome provides insights into the mechanisms of amino acids and their derivatives biosynthesis in Polygonatum

The composition and concentration of amino acids and their derivatives in Polygonatum are crucial factors that indicate its nutritional value and have a substantial impact on its potential for market development as a medicinal and edible plant. This study utilized comprehensive targeted metabolomics detection, transcriptome analysis, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to assess the quality characteristics of amino acids and their derivatives. Additionally, it aimed to investigate the pivotal genes that influence the synthesis of these compounds. The analysis revealed that there was a total of 72 distinct amino acids and their derivatives present in both forms of Polygonatum. Furthermore, there were notable variations in the content of 37 of these amino acids. A total of 271 genes are responsible for encoding 37 enzymes that are involved in the production of amino acids and their derivatives. The WGCNA clustering analysis, along with the metabolic profile of amino acids and their derivatives and transcriptome analysis, categorized the transcripts into six modules. Among these modules, the active components of amino acids and their derivatives showed a positive correlation with the MEturquoise and MEblue modules. This correlation helped identify 10 key genes that are highly likely to influence the synthesis of amino acids and their derivatives. Therefore, we validated these results using qRT-PCR. The modulation of the expression patterns of these crucial genes can establish a theoretical foundation for the subsequent breeding of Polygonatum germplasm with abundant amino acid content and diversity.

Efficacy, safety, and economic evaluation of Ojeok-san plus Saengmaek-san for gastroesophageal reflux-induced chronic cough: Protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel, multicenter, investigator-initiated clinical trial

Introduction Gastroesophageal reflux-induced chronic cough (GERC) is a common extraesophageal manifestation of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, the mechanisms underlying GERC remain unclear, and current treatments with anti-reflux drugs do not provide significant benefits in the management of GERC. Therefore, safe and effective drugs to treat GERC are urgently needed. Methods and analysis We designed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel, multi-center, investigator-initiated clinical trial to assess the efficacy, safety, and economics of combined Ojeok-san (OJS) and Saengmaek-san (SMS) in treating GERC. Our trial will be conducted in five hospitals in Korea, and a total of 138 participants will be enrolled, equally divided between the OJS plus SMS and placebo groups. All participants will be instructed to receive OJS plus SMS or a placebo for 6 weeks and visit hospitals every 2 weeks until week 8 to evaluate their efficacy or safety outcomes. For efficacy outcomes, the cough diary score, cough VAS, Leicester Cough Questionnaire, Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire, Hull Airway Reflux Questionnaire, and 5-level EuroQol 5-dimensional Questionnaire will be evaluated to observe symptoms of cough and GERD, as well as the quality of life in patients with GERC. Pattern identification for the Chronic Cough Questionnaire and gastroesophageal reflux disease will be measured as an additional exploratory outcome. Safety will be assessed in terms of laboratory tests, vital signs, and adverse events; economic evaluation will be simultaneously conducted through the healthcare system and societal perspectives by estimating cost-utility and cost-effectiveness. Conclusion Our study proposes a combination of OJS and SMS to manage the symptoms of GERC as a new insight and this study results will provide scientific evidence for the use of OJS plus SMS in the treatment of GERC.