Multi-region investigation of ‘man’ as default in attitudes

C Curtis Edward Phills J Jeremy K. Miller E Erin M. Buchanan A Amanda Williams C Chanel Meyers E Elizabeth R. Brown J Janis Zickfeld S Selina Volsa S Stefan Stieger E Elisabeth Oberzaucher V Vinka Mlakic M Martin Vasilev İlker Dalgar S Sami Çoksan S Sinem Söylemez Çağlar Solak A Asil Ali Özdoğru B Belemir Çoktok C Chun-Chia Kung P Panita Suavansri H Harry Manley S Sara Álvarez-Solas D Danilo Zambrano Ricaurte I Ivan Ropovik G Gabriel Banik P Peter Babinčák M Matúš Adamkovič P Pavol Kačmár M Monika Hricová J Jozef Bavoľár L Lisa Li F Fei Gao Z Zhong Chen V Vanja Ković V Vasilije Gvozdenović P Patrícia Arriaga K Katarzyna Filip K Krystian Barzykowski S Sylwia Adamus G Gerit Pfuhl S Sarah E. Martiny K Kristoffer Klevjer F Frederike S. Woelfert C Christian K. Tamnes (Research Center for Developmental Processes and Gradients in Mental Health, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo) J Jonas R. Kunst (Department of Communication and Culture, BI Norwegian Business School) M Max Korbmacher M Margaret Messiah Singh S Sraddha Pradhan N Noorshama Parveen A Arti Parganiha B Babita Pande P Pratibha Kujur P Priyanka Chandel N Niv Reggev A Aviv Mokady M Marietta Papadatou-Pastou R Roxane Schnepper J Jan Philipp Röer T Tilli Ripp E Ekaterina Pronizius C Claus Lamm M Martin Voracek J Jerome Olsen J Janina Enachescu C Carlota Batres D Daniel Storage C Carmel A. Levitan M Manyu Li L Leigh Ann Vaughn W William J. Chopik K Kathleen Schmidt P Peter R. Mallik S Savannah Lewis B Brynna Leach B Brianna Jurosic D David Moreau I Izuchukwu Lawrence Gabriel Ndukaihe N Nwadiogo Chisom Arinze S Steve M. J. Janssen A Alicia Foo C Chrystalle B. Y. Tan G Glenn P. Williams D Danny Riis B Bethany M. Lane D Dermot Lynott T Thomas Rhys Evans M Miroslav Sirota D Dawn L. Holford K Kaitlyn M. Werner K Kelly Wang M Marina Milyavskaya I Ian D. Stephen R Robert M. Ross A Andrew Roberts O Omid Ghasemi N Niklas K. Steffens K Kim Peters B Barnaby Dixson M Marco Antonio Correa Varella J Jaroslava V. Valentova A Anthonieta Looman Mafra R Rafael Ming Chi Santos Hsu Y Yago Luksevicius de Moraes L Luana Oliveira da Silva C Caio Santos Alves da Silva M Mai Helmy (Department of Psychology, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University) M Mariah Balderrama A Ali H. Al-Hoorie T Tyler McGee Z Zahir Vally A Attila Szuts P Patrick Forscher P Pablo Bernabeu B Balazs Aczel A Anna Szabelska S Sau-Chin Chen C Christopher R. Chartier Z Zoltan Kekecs

Abstract

Previous research has studied the extent to which men are the default members of social groups in terms of memory, categorization, and stereotyping, but not attitudes which is critical because of attitudes’ relationship to behavior. Results from our survey (N > 5000) collected via a globally distributed laboratory network in over 40 regions demonstrated that attitudes toward Black people and politicians had a stronger relationship with attitudes toward the men rather than the women of the group. However, attitudes toward White people had a stronger relationship with attitudes toward White women than White men, whereas attitudes toward East Asian people, police officers, and criminals did not have a stronger relationship with attitudes toward either the men or women of each respective group. Regional agreement with traditional gender roles was explored as a potential moderator. These findings have implications for understanding the unique forms of prejudice women face around the world.

Article Details

Journal PLoS ONE
Volume / Issue Vol. 20, Issue 6
Published June 25, 2025
Pages e0323938
ISSN 1932-6203
Publisher Public Library of Science

Journal Info

PLoS ONE

Public Library of Science

ISSN: 1932-6203 Open Access Health Sciences

Authors (118)

C

Curtis Edward Phills

J

Jeremy K. Miller

E

Erin M. Buchanan

A

Amanda Williams

C

Chanel Meyers

E

Elizabeth R. Brown

J

Janis Zickfeld

S

Selina Volsa

S

Stefan Stieger

E

Elisabeth Oberzaucher

V

Vinka Mlakic

M

Martin Vasilev

İlker Dalgar

S

Sami Çoksan

S

Sinem Söylemez

Çağlar Solak

A

Asil Ali Özdoğru

B

Belemir Çoktok

C

Chun-Chia Kung

P

Panita Suavansri

H

Harry Manley

S

Sara Álvarez-Solas

D

Danilo Zambrano Ricaurte

I

Ivan Ropovik

G

Gabriel Banik

P

Peter Babinčák

M

Matúš Adamkovič

P

Pavol Kačmár

M

Monika Hricová

J

Jozef Bavoľár

L

Lisa Li

F

Fei Gao

Z

Zhong Chen

V

Vanja Ković

V

Vasilije Gvozdenović

P

Patrícia Arriaga

K

Katarzyna Filip

K

Krystian Barzykowski

S

Sylwia Adamus

G

Gerit Pfuhl

S

Sarah E. Martiny

K

Kristoffer Klevjer

F

Frederike S. Woelfert

C

Christian K. Tamnes

Research Center for Developmental Processes and Gradients in Mental Health, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo

J

Jonas R. Kunst

Department of Communication and Culture, BI Norwegian Business School

M

Max Korbmacher

M

Margaret Messiah Singh

S

Sraddha Pradhan

N

Noorshama Parveen

A

Arti Parganiha

B

Babita Pande

P

Pratibha Kujur

P

Priyanka Chandel

N

Niv Reggev

A

Aviv Mokady

M

Marietta Papadatou-Pastou

R

Roxane Schnepper

J

Jan Philipp Röer

T

Tilli Ripp

E

Ekaterina Pronizius

C

Claus Lamm

M

Martin Voracek

J

Jerome Olsen

J

Janina Enachescu

C

Carlota Batres

D

Daniel Storage

C

Carmel A. Levitan

M

Manyu Li

L

Leigh Ann Vaughn

W

William J. Chopik

K

Kathleen Schmidt

P

Peter R. Mallik

S

Savannah Lewis

B

Brynna Leach

B

Brianna Jurosic

D

David Moreau

I

Izuchukwu Lawrence Gabriel Ndukaihe

N

Nwadiogo Chisom Arinze

S

Steve M. J. Janssen

A

Alicia Foo

C

Chrystalle B. Y. Tan

G

Glenn P. Williams

D

Danny Riis

B

Bethany M. Lane

D

Dermot Lynott

T

Thomas Rhys Evans

M

Miroslav Sirota

D

Dawn L. Holford

K

Kaitlyn M. Werner

K

Kelly Wang

M

Marina Milyavskaya

I

Ian D. Stephen

R

Robert M. Ross

A

Andrew Roberts

O

Omid Ghasemi

N

Niklas K. Steffens

K

Kim Peters

B

Barnaby Dixson

M

Marco Antonio Correa Varella

J

Jaroslava V. Valentova

A

Anthonieta Looman Mafra

R

Rafael Ming Chi Santos Hsu

Y

Yago Luksevicius de Moraes

L

Luana Oliveira da Silva

C

Caio Santos Alves da Silva

M

Mai Helmy

Department of Psychology, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University

M

Mariah Balderrama

A

Ali H. Al-Hoorie

T

Tyler McGee

Z

Zahir Vally

A

Attila Szuts

P

Patrick Forscher

P

Pablo Bernabeu

B

Balazs Aczel

A

Anna Szabelska

S

Sau-Chin Chen

C

Christopher R. Chartier

Z

Zoltan Kekecs