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Attention augmented feature fusion in a hybrid CNN–transformer for fine-grained diabetic retinopathy severity grading
Surface-Immobilized Rhodium Complex in Vertically Aligned Mesoporous Silica Films for Direct Electroreduction of Diluted CO <sub>2</sub>
Highly Selective On‐Surface Synthesis of sp <sup>2</sup> /sp‐Hybridized Heterochiral Triangular Nanorings
ABSTRACT A central challenge in on‐surface synthesis of topologically unique carbon nanostructures lies in the precise and selective construction of triangular nanorings. Achieving the resulting chirality and the sp 2 /sp‐hybridized state simultaneously from prochiral precursors is critical, yet immensely difficult. Here, we design an asymmetric α‑cyanostilbene derivative with aggregation‑induced emission properties as a prochiral building block to achieve deterministic pathway selection through controlling the substrate‐ and thermal‐directed strategy, allowing for the targeted formation of heterochiral nanorings with defined sp 2 ‐ and sp‐hybridization on Ag(111). Direct thermal deposition onto a hot Ag(111) surface at 443 K drives a highly selective cyclotrimerization, yielding discrete sp 2 ‐hybridized heterochiral triangular nanorings. Subsequent annealing induces an elimination reaction, converting these rings into their sp‐hybridized analogues while preserving chirality. In contrast, room‐temperature deposition and postannealing predominantly produces linear chains. The structural evolution and selective reaction mechanisms are unequivocally characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), bond‐resolution STM, synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy (SRPES), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This work establishes a novel strategy for the precise synthesis of chiral triangular nanorings, revealing the critical role of surface‐mediated conformational control and dynamic covalent bonding in determining product topology and chirality.
Self-compassion and earthquake fear: the mediating roles of resilience and fear of happiness
Effective Vacancy Regulation Simultaneously Realizes High-Performance Thermoelectric Cooling and Power Generation in n-Type PbSe Crystals
An empirical study of defect clustering in deep neural networks and its implications for testing
Correcting congenital myasthenia-associated acetylcholine receptor defects
Iron-Catalyzed Chemodivergent Sequential Reactions of Alkynes and Organozinc Reagents
Synergistic CuO-CeO2 nanocomposites with narrow band gap for high-performance photocatalysis under solar light irradiation and antibacterial action
N4-Acetylcytidine enhances synthetic mRNA translation yield and fidelity
Abstract Synthetic mRNA therapeutics offer a versatile platform for treating diverse conditions, including cancer and infectious diseases. For delivery into cells, these mRNAs are encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles and commonly incorporate modified ribonucleotides to improve stability, enhance translation and mitigate immune recognition 1 . N 1 -Methylpseudouridine (m 1 Ψ) has become the industry standard for synthetic mRNAs owing to its effectiveness in promoting translation and reducing immunogenicity 2 . However, recent studies have shown that m 1 Ψ can compromise translational fidelity, leading to errors such as premature termination and ribosomal frameshifting 3–5 . Here we reveal N 4 -acetylcytidine (ac 4 C) as a functionally distinct alternative to m 1 Ψ. Across cultured cell lines, primary human monocyte-derived dendritic cells and mouse liver, ac 4 C suppressed inflammatory responses as effectively as m 1 Ψ while driving higher protein yields. Single-molecule imaging of translation revealed broadly similar ribosome densities per mRNA for ac 4 C-modified and m 1 Ψ-modified transcripts. However, translation elongation with m 1 Ψ-modified mRNA was nearly twofold slower than with ac 4 C, which resulted in reduced protein output and increased ribosome collisions that further limited protein production through the engagement of quality-control pathways and +1 frameshifting. These findings underscore the importance of context in designing therapeutic mRNAs and position the translation elongation rate as a key determinant of the efficacy of modified ribonucleotides.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Asymmetric <i>N</i> -Glycans in Aqueous Solution via Sulfate and Phosphate Orthogonal Protection
Excited‐State Pathway Switching via Reversible Structural Phase Transitions in Sb <sup>3+</sup> ‐Doped Cadmium Halides
ABSTRACT Reversible control of structural phase transitions and luminescence remains a key challenge in organic–inorganic hybrid metal halides for stimuli‐responsive photonic applications. Here, we report two new zero‐dimensional (0D) Cd‐based metal halides, (DFPD) 6 CdCl 8 and (DFPD) 2 CdCl 4 ·H 2 O (DFPD + = 4,4‐difluoropiperidine), in which Sb 3+ doping enables distinct emission behaviors governed by coordination geometry. Combined spectroscopic studies and theoretical calculations reveal that Sb 3+ ‐doped (DFPD) 6 CdCl 8 exhibits yellow emission with a large Stokes shift arising from triplet self‐trapped exciton ( 3 STE) emission, whereas Sb 3+ ‐doped (DFPD) 2 CdCl 4 ·H 2 O displays excitation‐dependent emission due to competing singlet STE ( 1 STE) and 3 STE states. This contrast originates from the different Cd–Cl coordination environments (octahedral vs. tetrahedral), which modulate the energy levels and transition dipole moments. Importantly, hydrochloric acid (HCl) and 4,4‐difluoropiperidine induce fully reversible interconversion between the two structures, allowing dynamic switching between yellow and deep‐orange emission. Based on this reversible luminescence, we further demonstrated applications in dynamic anti‐counterfeiting and multilevel information encryption. This work establishes a coordination‐structure‐driven strategy for programmable emission in 0D hybrid metal halides.
An interpretable AI framework using XGB-POA for micropile compressive stiffness prediction
Steatosis shapes prognosis-defining liver metastasis heterogeneity in CRC
Pressure-Induced Superconductivity in the Thermoelectric Semiconductor Mg <sub>3</sub> Sb <sub>2</sub>
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of NAC transcription factors in Pterocarpus santalinus: identification of candidate genes associated with leaf senescence
HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-based metabolomic profiling combined with chemometric analysis links lichen metabolites to anti-inflammatory activity
Abstract Lichens are a rich source of bioactive secondary metabolites with potential anti-inflammatory properties. This study involved the comprehensive phytochemical profiling of 39 lichen species collected in eastern Poland using HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS, combined with chemometric analysis and biological activity testing. After data processing, a total of 91 compounds were identified, with depsides and depsidones constituting the dominant chemical classes. Multivariate analyses (PCA and PLS-DA) revealed distinct metabolomic patterns among the species and highlighted the relationship between metabolite composition and biological activity. The anti-inflammatory potential of lichen extracts was evaluated in LPS-stimulated macrophages by measuring the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity. Most extracts significantly reduced ROS levels, indicating a consistent antioxidant effect. In contrast, modulation of NO and COX-2 was more variable and generally less pronounced. Chemometric analyses suggested that multiple metabolites contribute to the observed anti-inflammatory activity, with evidence of an inverse relationship between ROS reduction and COX-2 inhibition. Although some compounds were found to be associated with biological effects, the results indicate that these effects are likely to be driven by the complex interactions within the extracts rather than by the action of individual constituents. Overall, lichens emerge as promising sources of anti-inflammatory agents, primarily acting through antioxidant mechanisms.