Browse Articles

One-year clinical outcomes of implantable collamer lens implantation for myopic regression after laser vision correction

Ultrahigh‐Efficiency and Long‐Calendar‐Life Aqueous Cadmium Metal Batteries Under Extremely Harsh Conditions

ABSTRACT Aqueous multivalent metal batteries (AMMBs) hold great promise for non‐flammable, cost‐effective, and scalable energy storage. However, the parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has severely plagued the metal plating efficiency and calendar life, particularly under realistic stress conditions, including low current densities, extended storage periods, and harsh temperatures. Herein, we leverage the inherent HER resistance of cadmium metal and the water‐confining solvation structures of concentrated electrolytes to synergistically tackle the HER challenge, and we successfully demonstrated ultrahigh‐efficiency and long‐calendar‐life cadmium metal batteries under strict conditions (0.1 mA cm −2 , 99.75% efficiency, 21.4 months’ life). Even under extreme conditions, such as ultralow current (0.01 mA cm −2 ), long rest periods (up to 60 days), and wide temperature ranges (−50°C to +80°C), Cd maintains a high efficiency of 90%–99.9%. In stark contrast, zinc suffers from drastic performance degradation and loses 27%–73% efficiency. The superior performance is correlated with the distinct solvation structure in the concentrated electrolyte, which transforms the hydration form of Cd 2+ cations and strengthens water molecules via a strong cation‐coordination effect. Our work establishes a new benchmark for AMMBs and highlights the decisive role of electrode selection and electrolyte design in advancing AMMB performance.

A chance-constrained Bi-level scheduling framework for EV-integrated microgrids considering travel demand and uncertainty

Selectivity Reversal from CO to Ethylene Products in CO ₂ Photoreduction via Electronic Modulation of SnS ₂ Using a Vinyl-Bridged Porous Organic Polymer

Beyond Hyperfluorescence: Leveraging a Host‐Guest Exciplex to Significantly Suppress the Efficiency Roll‐Off and Improve the Operational Stability in Narrowband Emissive Devices

ABSTRACT Narrowband emissive devices using multiple resonance (MR) thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters show strong efficiency roll‐offs and low operational stability, largely due to the low reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) rates ( k RISC ) of the emitters. TADF/phosphorescence‐sensitized fluorescence (i.e., hyperfluorescence) effectively solves this issue but requires a suitable sensitizer. Here, a “host‐guest exciplex promoted RISC” strategy effectively solves the issue beyond the hyperfluorescence mechanism. Three electron‐transporting hosts with a 2,4,6‐triphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazine motif, namely SF3‐TRZ , SF3‐TRZ‐DBF , and SF3‐TRZ‐DBSe , are developed for a typical MR‐TADF guest (DtBuCzB). The exciplex formed between the host and DtBuCzB effectively promotes the RISC of DtBuCzB, especially for selenium‐embedded SF3‐TRZ‐DBSe . The host‐guest films show narrowband emission from DtBuCzB, with the k RISC of the [ SF3‐TRZ‐DBSe : DtBuCzB] film being boosted by nearly 60‐fold to 4.7 × 10 5 s −1 . A narrowband blue‐green organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) based on a [ SF3‐TRZ‐DBSe : DtBuCzB] emissive layer shows maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE max )/EQE at 1000 cd m −2 (EQE 1000 ) of 30.1%/28.1%, with the EQE 1000 being the highest and the efficiency roll‐off being the lowest among narrowband OLEDs (including hyperfluorescence ones) based on DtBuCzB reported so far. The device also shows markedly improved operational stability compared to counterpart devices using the other two hosts or counterpart hyperfluorescence devices.

Performance characterization of non-Lambertian beams for 6G visible-light inter-satellite links

Abstract Visible-light inter-satellite communication is a promising physical-layer option for secure and interference-resilient 6G satellite networking. However, most analytical studies still assume Lambertian emission, which limits insight into emitters with asymmetric or multi-lobe radiation patterns. This paper presents a controlled analytical framework for Lambertian, Z-Power, and non-symmetric power-weighted (NSPW) beams using consistent transmitter–receiver modeling, channel-gain, receiver-noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and bit error rate (BER) formulations, including solar-background effects under Fraunhofer-line operation. The analysis considers six design dimensions: link distance, irradiance angle, transmitted optical power, receiver-bandwidth scaling, optical-filter background leakage, and beam azimuth rotation. The results show a clear operating-regime transition: Lambertian emission is competitive for near-aligned links, whereas non-Lambertian beams offer markedly higher robustness at wide irradiance angles. In a representative proximity-case stress point (0.5 km, $$80^\circ$$ irradiance angle), Z-Power and NSPW links achieve about 4.7 dB and $$-9.7$$ dB, respectively, while the Lambertian baseline remains near $$-55.4$$ dB, corresponding to gains of approximately 60 dB and 45.7 dB. The bandwidth, distance-scaling, and link-budget discussions clarify that these values are beam-profile sensitivity margins rather than a flight-qualified payload budget. Overall, the findings provide a practical roadmap for beam selection, link-margin interpretation, and attitude-aware adaptation in robust 6G visible-light inter-satellite communication systems.

Modular Framework for 3D Molecular Generation in Computational Chemistry Applications

Poisoning‐Resistant Complete Hydrogenation of Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers Over Ni‐Based Inverse Catalysts

ABSTRACT Efficient hydrogen storage using liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) requires catalysts that combine high low‐temperature activity with robustness against impure H 2 feeds. Conventional supported Ni catalysts are hindered by strong substrate adsorption and consequent site poisoning. Herein, a Ni based inverse catalyst consisting of CeZrO x clusters supported on metallic Ni is designed, which achieves >99.9% yield in the complete hydrogenation of diverse LOHCs—including mono‐, bi‐, and triphenyl‐type N‐heterocyclic and purely aromatic substrates—at low‐temperature of 130°C, exhibiting a 200‐fold higher activity than conventional Ni catalysts. Key to this performance is the oxide‐induced polarization of Ni atoms (Ni δ+ ), creating a thermodynamic stable subsurface reservoir and migration routes for dissociated H* species. Through this hydrogen transport pathway, hydrogen can efficiently hydrogenate the strongly adsorbed LOHCs. The significantly lowered H 2 kinetic order confirms the increased surface H* coverage in this inverse configuration. Decoupling the strong substrate adsorption sites and hydrogenation sites, the inverse configuration prevents self‐poisoning, enabling complete hydrogenation using crude H 2 and solvent‐free LOHCs. This work highlights the superior substrate generality and complete‐hydrogenation capability of the Ni inverse catalyst, establishing such inverse systems as a versatile platform for mild and robust LOHC‐based hydrogen storage.

Gradient-guided layerwise adaptive noise injection for pre-trained language model fine-tuning

Direct Photoredox Synthesis of <i>N</i> -Linked Glycoproteins

Asymmetric α‐Alkylation With Activated and Unactivated Electrophiles by a Highly Productive and Recyclable Lewis Acid/Imidazolium Catalyst

ABSTRACT Asymmetric alkylation is widely used for the construction of α‐stereogenic carbonyl compounds, yet existing catalytic protocols typically suffer from several issues: (1) a limitation to π‐activated electrophiles, (2) the need for unsatisfying catalyst loadings, (3) a lack of catalyst recyclability, and (4) sophisticated catalyst structures requiring multi‐step syntheses. Herein, an efficiently accessible, air‐stable bifunctional Cu(II)/imidazolium catalyst (prepared over four steps without chromatographies in 74% yield) is reported that enables highly enantioselective α‐alkylations of 1,3‐dicarbonyls with unmet productivity (TON up to 1740). The catalyst exhibits broad electrophile compatibility, efficiently engaging π‐activated and non‐π‐activated alkylation agents. Remarkably, stereoretentive allylation with ( E )‐ and ( Z )‐configured allylbromides was achieved. The catalyst can be recycled over multiple cycles (10+) without loss of efficiency by a simple protocol. EPR proves formation of a Cu(II)‐enolate as resting state, for which detailed DFT calculations show that it is structurally anchored by hydrogen‐bonding to the imidazolium C(2) H . This feature is essential for stereodifferentiation of both enolate faces. A continuous mechanistic shift from S N 1‐like to S N 2‐type pathways is likely, depending on the electronic properties of the electrophile. This new alkylation concept allows for high practicality, combined with broad applicability and might serve as design prototype for future alkylation catalysts.

Nanometer scale imaging to develop quantitative descriptors of bipolar membrane junction structure

Abstract Swings in pH can be achieved by electrically polarizing a bipolar membrane (BPM) to drive water dissociation at the BPM junction for electrochemical conversion and separation processes. BPM junction design is critical to tailor performance for specific applications; however, characterization techniques capable of resolving the nanometer scale physical structure of the junction are limited. We present sample preparation, imaging, and analysis workflows that are adaptable to a variety of BPM junction architectures. Atomic force microscopy produces BPM junction images with nanometer scale lateral resolution for samples with and without a graphene oxide water dissociation catalyst in the junction. Subsequent image segmentation and analysis quantify line edge roughness and catalyst layer thickness as descriptors of junction structure. Comparison of pre- and post-electrodialysis junctions suggests electric field-induced alignment of catalyst particles during electrodialysis. This characterization workflow can inform manufacturing protocols, computational modeling, and failure mode analysis for next-generation BPMs.

Influence of root inducers and substrates on the vegetative propagation of pitahaya species (Hylocereus spp.) under nursery conditions

Pd-Catalyzed Arylative Lossen Rearrangement: Synthesis of Secondary Amines from Aryl/Alkyl Carboxylic Acids and Aryl Halides

Electron‐Localized RuNi Nanosheet Assemblies Enable Low‐Overpotential Mg‐CO ₂ Battery

ABSTRACT Mg‐CO 2 battery is emerging as a promising energy storage system that simultaneously converts CO 2 into value‐added products. However, its practical application is hindered by formation thermodynamically stable and electrically insulating discharge product MgCO 3 , which severely limits energy efficiency of Mg‐CO 2 battery. Herein, we report an electron‐localized Ru 61 Ni 39 nanosheet assembly catalyst that overcomes these limitations by precisely engineering the surface electronic structure for achieving precise tuning of product from MgCO 3 to MgC 2 O 4 of Mg‐CO 2 battery. We demonstrate that electron transfer from Ni to Ru creates the localized electron at the Ru sites, weakening MgC 2 O 4 binding and suppressing its conversion to MgCO 3 , thereby enabling reversible formation and decomposition of MgC 2 O 4 and mitigating cathode passivation. The Mg‐CO 2 battery incorporating the electron‐localized Ru 61 Ni 39 nanosheet assembly catalyst achieves an ultralow charge overpotential of 0.07 V and a record‐high energy conversion efficiency of 94.1%, with the stable cycling for over 580 h. In situ electrochemical spectroscopy and theoretical studies reveal that the electron‐localized between Ru and Ni stabilizes the product intermediates (C 2 O 4 2− ) and prevents the MgC 2 O 4 conversion to MgCO 3 .

Brain-structural differences underlying dialect competence in the bilingual network

Abstract Research in multilingualism has provided evidence for brain structural differences between monolinguals and bilinguals. Less is known about speakers who, apart from a standard language, also show competence in a variety (dialect) of this language (“bidialectals”). In these populations, cultural differences are minimized and language competence can be compared against a common ground. We hypothesize that bidialectals show brain-structural differences to non-bidialectals, and capitalize on one of the world’s largest dialect corpus available for German. A competent dialect group (N = 26) and a group without dialect competence (N = 23) were compared by using brain structural measures, including gray matter volume (GMV) and cortical thickness (CT). Results demonstrate a whole-brain group difference, seen for CT in right orbitofrontal cortex, and for GMV in bilateral middle temporal gyrus and bilateral insula. Notably, CT in right fusiform cortex as well as GMV in bilateral middle temporal gyrus and right insula co-varied with dialect competence differently for the two groups. The structural differences and covariations with dialect competence are discussed on the background of code switching and language control. The findings suggest that dialect competence may shape brain structure in ways similar to bilingualism.

Proteolysis‐Assisted Cyclization Facilitates Site‐Centric Target Deconvolution of Isothiocyanates

ABSTRACT Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are a unique class of electrophilic natural products that exert biological effects by reacting with proteinous cysteines to generate thionoacyl adducts. However, the identification of ITCs’ target sites is still an unmet task due to the high lability of such adducts. Here, we report an unexpected chemistry through which the ITC‐protein adduct forms a stable N‐terminal dihydrothiazole peptide adduct during proteolysis. This proteolysis‐assisted cyclization (PAC) reaction can be harnessed for developing affinity‐based and activity‐based chemoproteomic methods to site‐specifically profile targets of ITCs. Applying these methods not only adds further complexity to the known polypharmacological landscape of sulforaphane but also expands the ligandable cysteinome with site‐level resolution through a 55‐member ITC library. Given the promising chemopreventive and therapeutic effects of ITCs, the PAC‐based chemoproteomic platform may lay the groundwork for elucidating their mechanisms of action and ultimately diversifying cysteine targetability for drug discovery.

Allelopathic effects of Padina sp. and Sargassum sp. as biological control agents of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman

Togetherness: How cooperation built the world

Threading an Aluminum Molecular Ring Onto a Chemically Growing Copper‐Directed Polyrotaxane

ABSTRACT Controlled assembly of advanced mechanically interlocked architectures remains a major challenge in supramolecular chemistry. Inspired by the hard and soft acids and bases principle, we present a modular and hierarchical strategy for the synthesis of aluminum‐based mechanically interlocked molecules (AlMIMs) assembled from four synergistic components. Aluminum ions generate robust macrocyclic frameworks through coordination with aromatic carboxylates, while adaptive nitrogen‐donor ligands, in concert with structure‐directing copper ions, promote axle threading and govern structural dimensionality. This approach creates a full structural library, from discrete [2]‐ and [3]rotaxanes to extended polyrotaxane networks, demonstrating broad versatility. Within the spatially confined macrocyclic cavity, copper ions preferentially adopt a stable linear coordination geometry while remaining conformationally flexible outside the cavity to accommodate diverse coordination modes and aggregation states. This dual behavior cooperatively facilitates highly ordered assembly. Notably, the resulting AlMIMs exhibit remarkably enhanced third‐order nonlinear optical responses, highlighting emergent properties arising from mechanical interlocking. This work underscores the power of merging coordination chemistry with supramolecular design, transcending conventional static paradigms by revealing how metal ion coordination can be dynamically modulated within precisely engineered supramolecular environments.