Browse Articles

Automated drug design for druggable target identification using integrated stacked autoencoder and hierarchically self-adaptive optimization

Study of far-field reduction in high power 940 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers cascaded by tunnel junctions

Abstract This paper characterizes the performance of 940 nm single-junction (1 J) and triple-junction (3 J) vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays, tested at room temperature under 1.8 ns pulsed current injection. By suppressing thermal effects, the slope efficiency (SE) of the 1 J VCSEL array reaches 1.05 W/A, while the 3 J VCSEL array achieves 3.2 W/A, with a peak output power exceeding 120 W, demonstrating a significant performance enhancement. Furthermore, we observe that in the 3 J VCSEL array, the far-field (FF) divergence angle gradually decreases with increasing injection current, reducing from approximately 17° to about 5°. The far-field beam profile exhibits a Gaussian distribution, and spectral measurements indicate that the fundamental mode is dominant. We further analyze the characteristics of the VCSEL through both simulations and measurements. Current path analysis reveals that in the 3 J structure, the presence of a highly doped tunnel junction (TJ) and multiple oxide layers alleviates current crowding compared to the 1 J structure, resulting in a different gain distribution. Calculations show that the overlap between the gain region and the fundamental mode is greater than that of higher-order modes, which may explain the dominance of the fundamental mode. The results from single-device testing align with the observations in the VCSEL array, consistently demonstrating fundamental mode dominance. This phenomenon contributes to a reduced divergence angle, presenting a significant advantage for future optoelectronic applications.

Eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Anemone coronaria bulb extract and their potent anticancer and antibacterial activities

Robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery confers improved oncological outcomes

Assessing and predicting crash dynamics with and without road safety measures on the Dejen to Bahir Dar highway in Ethiopia

Preparation of plane trees’ bark biochar/ZnAl-LDH and its adsorption performance for phosphate and recovery

CT imaging findings of corona mortis and a new method for venous typing

Application of hybrid CNN-transformer for classifying major coal mine accident hazards

On‐Demand Photodegradable and Thermo‐Reversible, Soft, Transparent Dithioacetal Hydrogels

Abstract Stimuli–reversible, chemically cross‐linked polymers capable of altering their physicochemical and mechanical properties on demand, upon application of external stimuli (e.g., light, temperature), are highly desirable for the development of multifunctional materials. Herein, we report a facile chemical platform for the synthesis of photodegradable and thermo‐reversible, model hydrogels consisting of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as the elastic strands and dithioacetal moieties at the cross‐link points. The gels were synthesized via an acid‐catalyzed step‐growth reaction of a difunctional PEG‐thiol macromer with a wisely selected aromatic dialdehyde cross‐linker. The formation of the photosensitive dithioacetal bonds at the cross−links rendered the hydrogels photodegradable, whereas the production of the initial comonomers as the main photoproducts after irradiation endowed the material with thermoreversible properties. The linear viscoelastic behavior of water‐swollen gels, their photodegradation under UV ( λ = 254 nm) irradiation at very low intensity (0.063 mW cm −1 ), and the reversible reformation of the hydrogel upon heating were investigated by dynamic shear rheology. Mechanistic insights for the photodegradation mechanism of the system were gained by 1 H NMR spectroscopy and kinetic studies on a model dithioacetal compound.

Analysis of static electricity risks in nonmetallic pipelines for hydrogen transportation

CRFTS: a cluster-centric and reservation-based fault-tolerant scheduling strategy to enhance QoS in cloud computing

Widening socioeconomic inequalities in cancer incidence and related potential to reduce cancer between 2008 and 2019 in Germany

Abstract Background Cancer is one of the main causes of a high burden of disease and one of the strongest contributors to earlier mortality among lower socioeconomic groups in Germany. Therefore, studying socio-economic inequalities in cancer incidence is of high relevance from a public-health and health-equity lens. The aim of this study was to examine in more depth time trends in socioeconomic inequalities in cancer incidence and the related potential for reducing the incidence of specific cancers across Germany. Methods We used epidemiologic data from the Centre for Cancer Registry Data at the Robert Koch Institute and official population statistics for Germany from 2008 to 2019. To analyse trends in socioeconomic inequalities in cancer incidence, we used an ecological study design and linked the cancer registry and population data with the German Index of Socioeconomic Deprivation at district level. We calculated standardised cancer incidence rates for the most common cancers by area-level socioeconomic deprivation and estimated the Slope and Relative Index of Inequality (SII, RII) to determine the extent of area-level socioeconomic inequalities in the risk of cancer. In a what-if analysis, counterfactual scenarios were used to calculate how much lower cancer incidence could be if socioeconomic inequalities in incidence were reduced or eliminated. Results Due to less favourable trends of cancer incidence in more deprived areas, socioeconomic inequalities in cancer incidence has widened to the detriment of residents in highly deprived areas. This was observed for all cancers combined and for several common cancers such as stomach, colorectal and lung cancer among both women and men. In 2017–19, total cancer incidence was 18% (women: RII 1,18) and 49% (men: RII 1,49) higher in the most than in the least deprived area. Reverse inequalities were observed for skin melanoma in both sexes and female breast cancer, the lowest incidence being among residents of highly deprived districts. For 2017–19, the what-if analysis showed that the annual number of newly diagnosed cancers cases would be 9,100–76,000 cases fewer if the socioeconomic gap in cancer incidence between districts could be narrowed or eliminated. Conclusions In Germany, socioeconomic inequalities in cancer incidence have widened in recent decades. Tackling cancer risks in deprived areas could reduce those inequalities and the burden of cancer overall. Our study emphasises the growing importance of structural approaches in cancer prevention for reducing health inequalities in Germany.

Overdiagnosis, competing morbidity and tumour biology in older women with breast cancer: building a case for active monitoring

Universal Chemical Presodiation Under Air Condition for Highly Stable Na‐deficient Oxide Cathodes

Abstract Layered transition‐metal oxides have attracted growing attention for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs); however, their application is hindered by low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) due to Na‐deficiency and solid‐electrolyte interphase formation. Herein, a universal chemical presodiation pathway is reported with Na‐bipyridine dissolved in diethyl ether (Na‐Bpy/DEE) for stable Na‐deficient P2‐Na 2/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 2/3 O 2 (NNMO) electrode under air condition. The strongly electron‐withdrawing N‐functional groups of Bpy •− radicals endow its air insensitivity, and it reduces the NNMO cathode for compensation of Na + from the weakly solvating DEE. This results in a uniform and robust NaF‐rich interface to prevent surface lattice disorder of NNMO, which is caused by local stress, and preserve structure integrity. The presodiated NNMO electrode shows high ICE of 100% and reversible capacity of 158.3 mAh g −1 , and its pouch cell coupled with hard carbon presents high‐capacity retention of 95.9% after 200 cycles. This work proposes an industrially feasible presodiation strategy to highly efficient SIBs.

Computational investigation of mechanical properties and adsorption behavior of sulfur-doped h-BN nanosheets

Dual-response fluorescent switching sensor for sequential detection of Fe3+ and vitamin C in hawthorn

Designing New Natural‐Mimetic Phosphatidic Acid: A Versatile and Innovative Synthetic Strategy for Glycerophospholipid Research

Abstract Glycerophospholipids (GPLs) play important roles in cellular compartmentalization and signaling. Among them, phosphatidic acids (PA) exist as many distinct species depending on acyl chain composition, each one potentially displaying unique signaling function. Although the signaling functions of PA have already been demonstrated in multiple cellular processes, the specific roles of individual PA species remain obscure due to a lack of appropriate tools. Indeed, current synthetic PA analogues fail to preserve all the functions of natural PA. To circumvent these limitations, we developed a novel synthetic approach to produce PA analogues without compromising structural integrity of acyl chains. Moreover, addition of a clickable moiety allowed flexible grafting of different molecules to PA analogues for various biological applications. Hence, this innovation also provides powerful tools to investigate specific biological activities of individual PA species, with potential applications in unraveling complex GPL‐mediated signaling pathways.

Association between magnesium depletion score and overactive bladder among U.S. Adults using data from NHANES 2005–2018

Iron‐Catalyzed Carbonylation Reactions with Carbon Monoxide

Abstract The utilization of carbon monoxide (CO) as an inexpensive and indispensable C 1 feedstock for the efficient construction of diverse carbonylated compounds has been a subject of numerous studies for decades. Nowadays, transition metal‐catalyzed carbonylation represents a pivotal synthetic approach for the generation of carbonyl‐containing molecules. Among the known catalysts for these transformations, non ‐noble metal‐based systems have garnered increasing interest in recent years due to their substantial advantages, including wide availability, low cost, and low toxicity. In this review, we have summarized and discussed original and recent developments in iron‐catalyzed carbonylative transformations, wherein CO is utilized as the C 1 feedstock.

Transfer Learning‐Assisted SERS: Predicting Molecular Identity and Concentration in Mixtures Using Pure Compound Spectra

Abstract Identifying and quantifying compounds in unknown mixtures represents the ultimate goal of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy but remains a significant challenge in real‐world applications. Existing machine learning‐driven SERS methods are limited by their reliance on prior knowledge of mixture composition, while time‐consuming experimental testing of all possibilities is not feasible. We integrate the molecular specificity of SERS with an adaptive transfer learning (TL) strategy to sequentially identify and quantify carnitine components in 11 unknown binary, ternary, and quaternary multicarnitine mixtures, achieving 100% identification accuracy and a mean quantitation error of only 3%. All models are trained solely on pure compound spectral data, enabling scalable, qualitative, and quantitative analysis of complex, unseen multiplex spectra—without requiring costly and time‐consuming training data collection for every possible mixture. This predictive transfer learning‐driven approach marks a transformative leap for practical SERS applications, allowing accurate analysis of complex mixtures without prior knowledge of components or ratios.