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The anionic surfactant Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate alleviates inflammatory responses in atopic dermatitis via NFκB/MAPK pathways in a STAT3-dependent manner

Advances in Preventing Transmission of Mitochondrial DNA Diseases

A novel flexible identity-net with diffusion models for painting-style generation

Into the Valley of the Sick

Image stitching for real-time laparoscopic hyperspectral imaging

Abstract Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) shows significant promise in the medical field for tissue detection and perfusion assessment. To extend its application to intraoperative diagnosis, laparoscopic cameras combining a high resolution color video and simultaneous HSI were developed. Spatial scanning in these cameras is performed through a push-broom motor driving a line-scan spectrograph. However, long acquisition times and the necessity of absolute immobility for patient and operator currently limit its usability in the operating room. To provide a hyperspectral acquisition alternative to the traditional push-broom motor approach, we have developed an HSI stitching pipeline that enables freehand line scanning. Our method utilizes the dual recording capability of the camera, which has both an RGB and an HSI sensor. It applies the transformations observed in the RGB video to the corresponding HSI data, then seamlessly merges this data to create a coherent panorama. This allows operators to visualize hyperspectral data as an incrementally expanding overlay on the color video by scanning the scene with the laparoscope. The pipeline evaluation confirms the generation of globally consistent and well-interpretable panoramas with a high level of detail. The registration error is not only comparable to the push-broom method but also corresponds to a real-world error of less than 0.4 mm in 95 % of the cases. Therefore, the proposed method enhances the practicability of intraoperative hyperspectral imaging by providing a dynamic, video-like experience of HSI visualizations.

Reducing the Risks of Mitochondrial Disease in Children

RNA codon expansion via programmable pseudouridine editing and decoding

Application of an improved pelican optimization algorithm based on comprehensive strategy in PV parameter identification

Phase 2a Study of Baxdrostat in Primary Aldosteronism

Distinct patterns of visuo-tactile and visuo-motor body-related integration in Parkinson’s disease

Impact of agricultural industry transformation based on deep learning model evaluation and metaheuristic algorithms under dual carbon strategy

Design, antiproliferative potency, and in silico studies of novel 5-methylfuran-3-yl)thio)-3-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one based derivatives as potential EGFR inhibitors

Abstract Quinazolinone derivatives have been broadly studied as anti-cancer drug candidates due to their potential to inhibit key signaling pathways involved in tumor progression. In the current study, new 2-[(4-substituted-5-methylfuran-3-yl)thio]-3-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives (2–10) were designed and assessed for anti-cancer activity. Cytotoxicity of the compounds was tested against normal WI-38 cells and cancer cell lines HepG-2 (liver), MCF-7 (breast), and HCT-116 (colorectal). In addition, their inhibitory effects on EGFR and VEGFR-2, key targets for tumor growth and angiogenesis, were assessed. Compounds 6b and 10 showed significant cytotoxic activity, with 6b (IC₅₀ = 0.19 ± 0.03 μM) being the most effective EGFR inhibitor, over 10 (IC₅₀ = 0.51 ± 0.04 μM) and as potent as erlotinib (IC₅₀ = 0.23 ± 0.02 μM). Flow cytometry revealed that 6b induced apoptosis in 35.29% of MCF-7 cells and G₂/M phase cell cycle arrest, much better than that of untreated cells (6.81%). In silico ADMET prediction and molecular docking confirmed high EGFR binding affinity and favorable pharmacokinetic properties. Overall, compound 6b showed promising anti-cancer activity via EGFR inhibition, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest and is a good lead for further development as an EGFR-targeted agent.

A novel dynamic scheduling model for application in multimode approach

In silico analysis of atrial fibrillation and hypertension mechanism of action secondary to ibrutinib/acalabrutinib in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Abstract Ibrutinib and acalabrutinib are first- and next-generation Bruton Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors (BTKi), respectively, approved for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Ibrutinib has been associated with cardiovascular events, including atrial fibrillation (AF) and hypertension. Acalabrutinib has demonstrated non-inferior progression-free survival than ibrutinib in relapsed/refractory CLL patients, with a lower cardiovascular event incidence. These adverse events seem to be derived from off-targets rather than BTK inhibition. Machine learning algorithms were applied to identify targets likely to trigger AF and hypertension in simulated CLL patients receiving acalabrutinib or ibrutinib. Common ibrutinib and acalabrutinib off-targets showed association with AF through structural remodeling and electrophysiology/ectopic activity mechanisms (TEC and ERBB4). There was association with hypertension through inflammation (ERBB4) and oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction (ERBB4 and RIPK2). Ibrutinib-specific off-targets showed association with AF through structural remodeling (HCK, FGR, LYN, FYN, YES1, and FLT3) and electrophysiology activity (LYN and SRC), and with hypertension through inflammation (LCK, JAK3, and FLT3) and oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction (ERBB2, BLK, SRC, and CSK). No acalabrutinib-specific off-targets were identified for AF or hypertension. This study supports that BTKi off-target selectivity may justify the different AF and hypertension incidences, suggesting their association with several ibrutinib-specific off-targets and identifying no acalabrutinib-specific ones.

Spatiotemporal orchestration of mitosis by cyclin-dependent kinase

Abstract Mitotic onset is a critical transition for eukaryotic cell proliferation. The commonly held view of mitotic control is that the master regulator, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), is first activated in the cytoplasm, at the centrosome, initiating mitosis 1–3 . Bistability in CDK activation ensures that the transition is irreversible, but how this unfolds in a spatially compartmentalized cell is unknown 4–8 . Here, using fission yeast, we show that CDK is first activated in the nucleus, and that the bistable responses differ markedly between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, with a stronger response in the nucleus driving mitotic signal propagation from there to the cytoplasm. Abolishing cyclin–CDK localization to the centrosome led to activation occurring only in the nucleus, spatially uncoupling the nucleus and cytoplasm mitotically, suggesting that centrosomal cyclin–CDK acts as a ‘signal relayer’. We propose that the key mitotic regulatory system operates in the nucleus in proximity to DNA, which enables incomplete DNA replication and DNA damage to be effectively monitored to preserve genome integrity and to integrate ploidy within the CDK control network. This spatiotemporal regulatory framework establishes core principles for control of the onset of mitosis and highlights that the CDK control system operates within distinct regulatory domains in the nucleus and cytoplasm.

Dopaminergic action prediction errors serve as a value-free teaching signal

Abstract Choice behaviour of animals is characterized by two main tendencies: taking actions that led to rewards and repeating past actions 1,2 . Theory suggests that these strategies may be reinforced by different types of dopaminergic teaching signals: reward prediction error to reinforce value-based associations and movement-based action prediction errors to reinforce value-free repetitive associations 3–6 . Here we use an auditory discrimination task in mice to show that movement-related dopamine activity in the tail of the striatum encodes the hypothesized action prediction error signal. Causal manipulations reveal that this prediction error serves as a value-free teaching signal that supports learning by reinforcing repeated associations. Computational modelling and experiments demonstrate that action prediction errors alone cannot support reward-guided learning, but when paired with the reward prediction error circuitry they serve to consolidate stable sound–action associations in a value-free manner. Together we show that there are two types of dopaminergic prediction errors that work in tandem to support learning, each reinforcing different types of association in different striatal areas.

Whole genome sequence of petroleum hydrocarbon degrading novel strain Microbacter sp. EMBS2025 isolated from Chilika Lake, Odisha, India

Modification mechanism of silver nanoparticles-functionalized MW-CNT and GGBFS and CQDs on the structural properties of geopolymer reinforced-composite beam

Enhancing power efficiency in BLDC motor drives for drones using multiview learning with hybrid optimization algorithms

Ancient DNA reveals a two-clanned matrilineal community in Neolithic China

Abstract Studies of ancient DNA from cemeteries provide valuable insights into early human societies, and have strongly indicated patrilocality1–10. Here, we analysed ancient DNA alongside archaeological contexts and multiple stable isotopic data from 60 individuals in 2 separate cemeteries at the Fujia archaeological site in eastern China, dating between 2750 and 2500 bce. Our findings suggest the existence of an early-described matrilineal community in the Neolithic period, characterized by high endogamy and a population practicing millet agriculture near the coast. Evidence of intermarriage between individuals in the two cemeteries and the presence of both primary and secondary burials, organized strictly according to maternal clans, underscore a strong sense of social cohesion and identity at Fujia. Bayesian modelling of radiocarbon dates indicates that the two cemeteries were used for approximately 250 years, implying a stable matrilineal lineage spanning at least 10 generations. This study contributes to the ongoing debate in anthropology and archaeology11, not only suggesting the existence of a matrilineal society in early human history but also revealing a pair of Neolithic cemeteries organized around two matrilineal clans, furthering our understanding of the early evolution of human societies through kinship systems.