Browse Articles

Warming Alaskan rivers affect first-year growth in critical northern food fishes

Ammonia Evolution in Glycine Pyrolysis via Ionic-Pair Reaction Mechanisms

SC35-mediated bZIP49 splicing regulates K⁺ channel AKT1 for salt stress adaptation in poplar

A hybrid quantitative approach for assessment of geotechnical hazards in rock tunnels using finite element and variation coefficient methods

Nickel-Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Cross-Electrophile Coupling of Benzylic Alcohols with Alkenyl Electrophiles

Structural Transition from Closed to Open for the Influenza A M2 Proton Channel as Observed by Proton-Detected Solid-State NMR

Using COVID-19 pandemic perturbation to model RSV-hMPV interactions and potential implications under RSV interventions

Abstract Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) are closely related pathogens responsible for a significant burden of acute respiratory infections. Interactions between RSV and hMPV have been hypothesized, but the mechanisms of interaction are largely unknown. Here, we use a mathematical model to quantify the likelihood of interactions from population-level surveillance data and investigate whether interactions could lead to increases in hMPV burden under RSV medical interventions, including active and passive immunization. In Scotland, Korea, and three regions of Canada, annual hMPV outbreaks lag RSV outbreaks by up to 18 weeks; two Canadian regions show patterns consistent with out-of-phase biennial outbreaks. Using a two-pathogen transmission model, we show that a negative effect of RSV infection on hMPV transmissibility can explain these dynamics. We use post-pandemic RSV-hMPV rebound dynamics as an out of sample test for our model, and the model with interactions better predicts this period than a model where the pathogens are assumed to be independent. Finally, our model suggests that hMPV peak timing and magnitude may change under RSV interventions. Our analysis provides a foundation for detecting possible RSV-hMPV interactions at the population level, although such a model oversimplifies important complexities about interaction mechanisms.

Assessment of the in vitro antimicrobial activity and fatty acid composition of crocodile oil from Crocodylus siamensis

<i><b>N</b></i>-Oxide-Driven Heme-Activatable Biomolecule Labeling for Visualization of Labile Heme in Living Cells and Mouse Brain

Cryo-EM reveals molecular mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect of netrin-4 on laminin matrix formation

Incidence and risk factors of new-onset hypertension up to 3 years post SARS-CoV-2 infection

Unveiling Water-Vapor-Promoted Oxidation of Palladium Nanoparticles via Atomic-Scale Transmission Electron Microscopy at Atmospheric Pressure

CSLD5-mediated cell wall remodelling regulates tissue mechanics and shoot meristem growth

Metabolically engineered plant cell cultures as biofactories for the production of high-value carotenoids astaxanthin and canthaxanthin

Abstract Astaxanthin and canthaxanthin are high-value carotenoids with growing demand due to their antioxidant properties and applications in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical sectors. However, natural sources are limited and current production methods are often costly or unsustainable. In this study, we developed a plant-based platform for ketocarotenoid biosynthesis using metabolically engineered Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 cell suspension cultures. Specifically, we expressed a marine bacterial crtW gene ( β-carotene ketolase ) alone or in combination with overexpressed plant psy ( phytoene synthase ) and crtI ( phytoene desaturase ) genes. The resulting cell lines displayed visually distinct pigmentation and accumulated different ketocarotenoid profiles based on their genetic modifications. Single-gene transformants expressing crtW produced up to 50 µg g⁻¹ DW of canthaxanthin and 127 µg g⁻¹ DW of astaxanthin. Co-expression of all three genes significantly increased canthaxanthin accumulation to 788 µg g⁻¹ DW. Our results establish suspended undifferentiated plant cells as a scalable and sustainable system for ketocarotenoid production, offering a biological alternative to natural producers and chemical synthesis.

Electronic Modification of a Reduced Mononuclear Nonheme Iron Nitrosyl Complex Leads to HNO Release

Metal-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane and the Sturtian deglaciation

Novel SMA BASED Elmanspiking neural network modelled fuzzy PI controller for speed-torque regulation of PMSM

O-Induced Diatomic Fe–Mo Mimetic Enzyme for Efficient Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction at Universal pH

Grid congestion stymies climate benefit from U.S. vehicle electrification

Interplay of electronic and magnetic phase modulation in a spin-polarised nanomagnet