Browse Articles

Functional genomics and tumor microenvironment analysis reveal prognostic biological subtypes in Mantle cell lymphoma

Neutrons reveal the dynamics of leaf thylakoids in living plants

Abstract The study is the first known exploration of photosynthetic membranes dynamics in living plants by high resolution quasielastic neutron scattering spectroscopy. We investigated the mobility and flexibility of thylakoid membranes in common duckweed ( Landoltia punctata ) and identified dynamics across various length scales corresponding to individual membranes and membranes stack. We employed classical models typically used to study lipid bilayers to characterize the undulation modes and rigidity of the membranes and reveal how structural variations influence the observed complex dynamics. Our findings show that the stacks of thylakoids in duckweed behave as rigid systems, exhibiting an effective bending coefficient in the lower range associated with surfactant membranes. In contrast, the single thylakoid leaflets display greater apparent flexibility and are well situated within the bi-continuous surfactant phase dynamics. While our observations enhance the understanding of the intricate architecture and mobility of photosynthetic cellular machinery, they also highlight the limitations of applying ideal lipid membranes models to describe complex biological systems. This work opens more questions and the need for further investigations across extended length and time scales, as well as the importance of rigorous sample preparation and experimental control.

Plasma Pretreatment of Pt Single-Atom Precursors Supported on Mechanically Activated Al ₂ O ₃ : Enhanced Performance in Propane Dehydrogenation

The head-direction signal is generated from two types of head direction cells in brainstem nuclei

Multi criterion decision making analysis of hematologic cancer drugs via topological indices and physicochemical properties

Engineering an Imine Reductase for Enantioselective Synthesis of Atropisomeric Amides

Dynamic realization of emergent high-dimensional optical vortices

Characterization of the microbial profile in tears of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma: results from a pilot study

From Alkylarenes to α-Amino Acid Derivatives via C-Difunctionalization

Safety and immunogenicity of PPV-06, an active anti-IL-6 immunotherapy targeting low-grade inflammation against knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical phase 1 study

Machine learning models predict mortality risk in diabetic neuropathy patients using MIMIC-IV data

Integrated Life Cycle Assessment Guides Sustainability in Synthesis: Antiviral Letermovir as a Case Study

Olig1/2 Orchestrates Progenitor Cell Fates during Mammalian Cortical Gliogenesis and Gliomagenesis

Adipose gene expression related to body condition score and individual variations in hospitalized cats

Abstract Obesity is a risk factor for various diseases. The prevalence of obesity is increasing in cats. The present study aimed to characterize adipose gene expression to obtain basic information for obesity prevention in feline adipose tissues. Visceral fat, subcutaneous fat, or both fat depots were collected from 81 hospitalized cats. The multivariate analysis of covariance revealed that sex and IGF-1 were involved in regulating body condition score (BCS), showing adiposity in both fat depots. BCS was positively and negatively regulated by expression levels of inflammation-related genes in visceral fat, respectively. In addition, subcutaneous Lep expression positively regulated BCS. Positive correlations between gene expression levels were generally detected within the same fat depot, whereas expression levels of genes in visceral fat were less related to those in subcutaneous fat, except for the same gene. Expression levels of Ucp1 were most variable among individuals in visceral fat but not in subcutaneous fat. The extent of individual variability on expression levels in cats was similar to that in the previous results using dogs. Genes related to mitochondrial respiration and uncoupling were relatively variable among individuals. The present study suggests that feline energy metabolism in adipose tissues is finely tuned in a fat depot-dependent manner. In addition, genes related to mitochondrial respiration and uncoupling may be a target for the control of systemic energy status because they can be potentially regulated by every individual.

Light-Induced Palladium(IV)–Carbon Bond Homolysis

Spatial single-cell atlas reveals regional variations in healthy and diseased human lung

Abstract Integration of scRNA-seq data from millions of cells revealed a high diversity of cell types in the healthy and diseased human lung. In a large and complex organ, constantly exposed to external agents, it is crucial to understand the influence of lung tissue topography or external factors on gene expression variability within cell types. Here, we apply three spatial transcriptomics approaches, to: (i) localize the majority of lung cell types, including rare epithelial cells within the tissue topography, (ii) describe consistent anatomical and regional gene expression variability within and across cell types, and (iii) reveal distinct cellular neighborhoods in specific anatomical regions and examine gene expression variations in them. We thus provide a spatially resolved tissue reference atlas in three representative regions of the healthy human lung. We further demonstrate its utility by defining previously unknown imbalances of epithelial cell type compositions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease lungs. Our topographic atlas enables a precise description of characteristic regional cellular responses upon experimental perturbations or during disease progression.

Genetic structure and marker-trait association analysis for agro-morphological and physiological characteristics in germplasm of wild barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum)

Rapid Intermolecular C–H Activation of Aromatic Substrates at a Cationic, Electrophilic Molybdenum(VI) Nitrido Complex: Mechanistic Nuance in C–H Amination

Direct observation of the on-site oxygen 2p two-hole Coulomb energy in La2CuO4

Abstract Electron correlation in functional materials has remained a challenge with strong deviations of electronic structure from mean field approaches. In high temperature superconductors the electron-electron and hole-hole interaction energies are essential in the underlying pairing mechanisms. For cuprates, oxygen holes have been considered of central importance for superconductivity. In La 2 CuO 4 the site specific oxygen 2 p hole-hole Coulomb energy has been determined by Auger photoelectron coincidence spectroscopy. This experimental approach allows to separate the different oxygen sites, i.e. the lattice oxygen, and distinguish from otherwise overlapping signal from surface oxygen. Values of 6.3  ± 0.2 eV for oxygen in the Cu-O planes and an upper limit of 9.2  ± 0.2 eV for apical oxygen are found to be on the high energy side of reported computational values and narrows the range of experimentally reported values. Additionally, a much reduced hybridization in La 2 CuO 4 as compared to CuO is found in O 2 p hybridization strengths.

Statistical optimization and scaled-up bioreactor fermentation for enhanced edible oil production from palm date waste by Rhodotorula glutinis KAEC-61