Browse Articles

Ten-valley excitonic complexes in charge-tunable monolayer WSe2

Abstract Excitons dominate the optical response of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors. Strong interactions produce peculiar excitonic complexes, which provide a testing ground for exciton and quantum many-body theories. Here, we report a hitherto unobserved many-body exciton that emerges upon filling both the K and Q valleys of WSe 2 . We optically probe the exciton landscape using charge-tunable devices with unusually thin dielectrics that facilitate doping up to several 10 13  cm −2 . We observe the emergence of the thermodynamically stable complex when 10 valleys are electrostatically filled. We gain insight into its physics using magneto-optical measurements. Our results are well-described by a model where the number of distinguishable Fermi seas interacting with the photoexcited electron-hole pair defines the complex’s behavior. In addition to expanding the repertoire of excitons in 2D semiconductors, this complex could probe the limit of exciton models and answer open questions about screened Coulomb interactions in 2D semiconductors.

Diversity and pathogenicity of Lasiodiplodia species associated with banana crown rot in Northern and Northeastern Brazil

<i>De Novo</i> Design of a Metalloprotein with a Synthetically Inspired Dinuclear Paddlewheel Coordination Motif

Rhodium-catalyzed construction of boron-based point and axial chirality via asymmetric annulation of alkynylborons

Enhancing kelp productivity in restoration and assisted adaptation interventions under ocean warming

Abstract Proactive climate interventions, such as restoration and assisted adaptation, are increasingly being used to secure the persistence of populations under climate change. Such strategies are being proposed globally for declining kelp forests, yet there remains a lack of consideration for potential impacts to other key traits that underpin their immense values. Here we assess the outcome of restoration and assisted adaptation strategies on kelp productivity – a key component of kelp forest blue carbon, habitat provision and ecosystem service values. We combine empirical field data, climate projections and knowledge of underlying genomics to compare kelp productivity across restoration and assisted adaptation scenarios that are, and are not, informed by productivity–temperature relationships within source populations. Using Western Australian kelp ( Ecklonia radiata ) forests, we show that the productivity of restored kelp using traditional strategies for selecting source material may decline by 16–22% under mid-century ocean warming. However, drawing on knowledge of productivity–temperature relationships to strategically select individuals could enhance the productivity of restored kelp by up to 9% even under mid-century ocean warming, while simultaneously boosting thermal resilience. Optimising trait interactions when undertaking climate interventions will be key to sustaining values associated with restored kelp forests in a warming ocean.

BiV _{1– <i>x</i>} O _<i>y</i> /Noble Metal Nanoparticle Domains with Reverse Charge Transfer Improves Photoelectrochemical Glycerol to Dihydroxyacetone Conversion

High-power performance enhancement in PZT-based piezoceramics via hot-pressing

An intelligent framework combining deep learning and fuzzy logic for accurate remote language translation

Side-On N ₂ Binding and Reduction by a Heterotetrametallic Zr ₂ Co ₂ Cluster

Targeting SUMOylation promotes cBAF complex stabilization and disruption of the SS18::SSX transcriptome in synovial sarcoma

Abstract Synovial Sarcoma (SS) is driven by the SS18::SSX fusion oncoprotein and is ultimately refractory to therapeutic approaches. SS18::SSX alters ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling BAF (mammalian SWI/SNF) complexes, leading to the degradation of canonical (cBAF) complexes and amplified expression of SS18::SSX-containing non-canonical BAF (ncBAF or GBAF) complexes that drive an SS-specific transcription program and tumorigenesis. We demonstrate that SS18::SSX activates the SUMOylation program. The small molecule SUMOylation inhibitor, TAK-981, de-SUMOylates the cBAF/PBAF component, SMARCE1, stabilizing and restoring cBAF on chromatin, shifting SS models away from SS18::SSX-driven transcription. The result is DNA damage, cell death and tumor inhibition across both human and mouse SS tumor models. TAK-981 synergizes with cytotoxic chemotherapy through increased DNA damage, leading to tumor regression. Targeting the SUMOylation pathway in SS restores cBAF complexes and blocks the SS18::SSX transcriptome, identifying an unappreciated role of SUMOylation in SS and a subsequent therapeutic vulnerability.

Circulating endotoxin is correlated with fatty acid binding protein 2 and leukocyte nuclear factor-κB activation in menopausal women

Spin-Polarized Lasing via Ferromagnetic Spin Filtering in Hybrid Perovskites

Mechanically robust halide electrolytes for high-performance all-solid-state batteries

Fossil evidence for trait diversification in an adaptive radiation

Abstract Adaptive radiation is an important process for the origin of functional and ecological biodiversity. Understanding how, when, and why adaptive radiations occur is a long-standing interest in evolutionary ecology. Although many adaptive radiations have been studied, few studies resolved the temporal sequence of events during adaptive radiation. Here, we assembled a continuous record of tooth fossils of Lake Victoria’s haplochromine cichlid fish, the most rapid and youngest of the classical adaptive radiations, from sediment cores extending from lake refilling ~ 17 thousand years ago to the present. We use these fossil records to reconstruct ecomorphological temporal patterns in the unfolding of this adaptive radiation. Our results reveal a rapid expansion in morphospace, from an undiverse ancestral condition, within the first three millennia after the onset of the modern lake. Comparison with modern cichlid teeth suggests that large-scale diversification across the food web emerged within these first three millennia. We detect a clear signal of an evolutionary trend from trophic generalists to specialists, but we also show that generalists persisted amid the growing radiation of specialists. Altogether, this pattern confirms the unusual evolutionary potential of the Lake Victoria hybrid lineage of haplochromine cichlids that seeded the radiation and the unusual speed with which the adaptive radiation occurred.

Enantioselective Redox-Neutral Radical Addition of α-Imino Esters with Sulfonyl Hydrazides

The integral membrane protein smim4 modulates redox balance via malate compartmentalization in pancreatic cancer

Experimental feasibility of dual-energy X-ray tomography for two-phase density analysis in bentonite during water infiltration

Abstract The feasibility of dual-energy X-ray computed tomography (DECT) with experimentally implemented scatter and beam hardening corrections to quantitatively determine the 4D (3D spatial with time) evolution of partial densities of bentonite and water was examined. Compacted bentonite samples were imaged using an X-ray microtomography system with various X-ray spectra before and after two days of water infiltration. The effects of scattering and beam hardening in the projection images were corrected using beam-stop array measurements and signal-to-thickness calibration. A post-reconstruction material decomposition (MD) technique was applied to obtain the partial density distributions of bentonite and water, from which the water content distributions were subsequently derived. The results were validated by physically slicing partially saturated bentonite samples and measuring the water content of the slices gravimetrically. Additionally, a previously developed deformation measurement-based X-ray tomography method was used to derive reference results. Comparing the results from MD with those from the other techniques demonstrated that DECT can yield quantitative estimates of 4D water content distribution in bentonite with reasonable accuracy in this experimental set-up. When testing the impact of correction methods on the results, it was found that both scattering and beam hardening must be corrected, as the post-reconstruction MD is sensitive to errors in spectral measurements.

Super-Absorbing Quantum-Confined Cyanine Dyes for Near-Infrared Confocal Imaging of Hierarchical Nephron Structures

Cloud radiative effects significantly increase wintertime atmospheric blocking in the Euro-Atlantic sector

Abstract Reliable simulation, prediction, and complete theoretical understanding of atmospheric blocking remain challenging despite its significant socio-economic impacts. Generations of climate models have notoriously underestimated blocking frequency, particularly over the Euro-Atlantic sector. Identifying factors controlling blocking frequency and dynamics is therefore essential for improving its simulation. Here, using a cloud-locking experiment, we show that cloud radiative effects (CREs) significantly increase the frequency of Euro-Atlantic blocking. CREs enhance upstream diabatic source of wave activity, both directly through longwave heating and indirectly through their feedback on latent heating, with the latter playing the dominant role. The resulting increase in the upstream diabatic source feeds into local wave activity downstream and promotes blocking formation. Qualitatively similar results are shown by multi-model experiments with radiatively inactive clouds to longwave radiation, albeit with a larger impact from mean-state changes. The results underscore the necessity of accurately representing cloud-radiation interactions in weather and climate models for improved prediction of blocking events.

Diagnostic utility of high-mobility group box 1 for acute exacerbations of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis