Browse Articles

Breastfeeding and early tooth eruption as predictors of dental caries occurrence throughout childhood

Recalled childhood trauma and post-psychedelic trajectories of change in a mixed-methods study

Design and implementation of a smart earthquake rescue robot to enhance rescue operations

Vision language models versus machine learning models performance on polyp detection and classification in colonoscopy images

Mathematical model analysis of drug resistance TB dynamics with immigrants and impact of media efficiency

Global greenhouse-gas emissions are still rising: when will they peak?

Explainable dual LSTM-autoencoders with exogenous features for anomaly detection and supply chain forecasting

FleQ-Dependent regulation of the ribonucleotide reductase repressor NrdR in Pseudomonas aeruginosa during biofilm growth and infection

In silico design of a multi-epitope vaccine against the triple negative breast cancer

A symmetric single phase diode assisted dual boost Z-source switched capacitor seven level inverter with modified SPWM

Next-generation protocol design for blockchain rewards with web-tool

Abstract Designing fair and efficient blockchain reward mechanisms requires going beyond raw execution time to account for behavioral variability. We present a simulation framework for evaluating BCRPs using entropy as a systems-level indicator of reward fairness and stability. Three strategies are assessed on simulated miner profiles $$\:(n=100)$$ with log-normal execution times, Laplace-distributed noise, and tercile-based complexity classes: a classical execution-time baseline, “Mining $$\:2.0$$ ” (penalizing miner noise and task complexity), and “Adaptive $$\:2.0$$ ” (Mining $$\:2.0$$ with exponential time decay). Reward distributions are summarized via KDE and ECDF and scored using Shannon, Rényi $$\:(\alpha\:=2)$$ , Tsallis $$\:(q=2)$$ , and normalized Shannon entropies computed on discretized rewards ( $$\:20$$ bins). An interactive Shiny application accompanies the method for reproducible exploration without programming. Across simulations, Adaptive $$\:2.0$$ yields the most behavior-sensitive and equitable allocations, achieving the lowest entropy on all four metrics. Quantitatively, relative to the Traditional baseline, Adaptive $$\:2.0$$ reduces entropy by $$\:37.5\%$$ (Shannon: $$\:2.684\to\:1.678$$ ), $$\:37.1\%$$ (Rényi- $$\:2$$ : $$\:2.218\to\:1.396$$ ), $$\:21.0\%$$ (Tsallis- $$\:2$$ : $$\:0.785\to\:0.620$$ ), and $$\:14.6\%$$ (Normalized: $$\:0.847\to\:0.723$$ ); Mining $$\:2.0$$ achieves intermediate improvements of $$\:29.8\%,\:31.7\%,\:17.2\%,$$ and $$\:13.9\%,$$ respectively. These results provide an evidence-based, deployable framework for evaluating reward fairness in decentralized systems.

Investigation of Lacosamide solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide with machine learning models

Sesamol regulates AQP3 and HAS2 via MAPK signaling for skin barrier protection an in vitro and molecular docking study

Invertible liquid neural network-based learning of inverse kinematics and dynamics for robotic manipulators

Efficacy and safety of analgesic-eluting urethral catheter after urogynecological surgery: a prospective randomized controlled trial

Abstract Catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) and urethral pain are frequent issues following urethral catheterization, particularly after urogynecological procedures. This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of a ropivacaine-eluting urethral catheter in reducing CRBD. Sixty female patients undergoing urogynecological surgery were randomized into three groups: Control arm, 0.5% ropivacaine 1 mL/hr (Study arm 1), and 0.5% ropivacaine 2 mL/hr (Study arm 2), with 20 patients each. CRBD incidence and severity at 24 h postoperatively were assessed. Adverse events and patient discomfort were evaluated as secondary outcomes. Baseline demographics including age, ASA score, body mass index, and surgery type were not significantly different among groups (all p  > 0.05). CRBD incidence was 65.0% (Control arm), 36.8% (Study arm 1), and 21.1% (Study arm 2) ( p  = 0.018). CRBD severity was significantly lower in both study arms compared to control ( p  < 0.001). No significant differences in adverse events were observed among groups. Catheter-related discomfort( p  = 0.008) and patient preference for future reuse of catheter ( p  = 0.004) differed significantly. An appropriate dose of ropivacaine eluting urethral catheter significantly reduced the incidence and severity of CRBD and the discomfort with catheter usage in patients undergoing urogynecological surgery without significant adverse events while achieving preference for future reuse of analgesic-eluting catheters. Registry : The Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS), Number: KCT0010934, Registration date: 22nd August 2025. (Direct link: https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do?search_lang=E&focus=reset_12&search_page=L&pageSize=10&page=undefined&seq=31096&status=5&seq_group=31066).

Mechanistic and comparative laboratory assessment of lime dosage and uniaxial geogrid on the strength and durability of classified lateritic subgrade

Efficacy, psychological and physical adverse effects of isotretinoin in the treatment of acne: a cross-sectional study from Syria

Mine drainage leads to the reshaping of the spatial patterns of soil extracellular econzymatic stoichiometry and microbial resource limitation

Abstract Global environmental changes have brought significant attention to the ecological problems caused by mine drainage. Mine drainage alters the physicochemical properties of soil, which can, in turn, influence its ecological function. However, the impact of mine drainage on soil ecoenzymatic carbon–nitrogen-phosphorus (C-N-P) stoichiometry and the spatial distribution of microbial resource limitations(i.e., carbon, nitrogen, or phosphorus limitation) across various soil depths and distances from discharge points is not well understood. Therefore, we investigated the variations in physicochemical properties, microbial biomass, extracellular enzyme activities, and ecoenzymatic stoichiometry of soils at varying distances and depths surrounding mine water discharge areas. Furthermore, microbial resource limitations were measured through vector analysis of ecoenzymatic stoichiometry. The results showed that mine drainage significantly enhanced soil extracellular enzyme activity. While the discharge had no substantial impact on ecoenzymatic stoichiometry across different distances, significant changes were observed at various soil depths. Specifically, ecoenzymatic stoichiometry decreased consistently with increasing soil depth. spatial distribution of microbial resource limitations in the study area were predominantly phosphorus-limited, with P limitation intensifying with greater soil depth. Overall, these findings improve our knowledge of how mine drainage influences soil ecoenzymatic stoichiometry and the spatial distribution of microbial resource constraints, providing insights for future ecological management strategies.

Towards generation of hybrid entangled photon pairs by spectrally overlapping intermodal-vectorial four-wave mixing bands in optical fibers

Measuring the attractiveness of trip destinations based on human mobility data

Abstract This study proposes a novel concept of a regional attractiveness index based on human mobility flows. Assuming that individuals’ mobility choice is based on utility maximization, this study aims to recover the attractiveness of trip destinations by estimating the gravity equation for interregional trip flows. Using mobility data from a person trip survey and mobile phone data in Japan, this study investigates whether different trip purposes (e.g., commuting to office and school, recreational trips, business trips, and returning home) and seasonal and tourism factors (e.g., holidays, events, and amusement facilities) can reveal spatial and temporal variations in the attractiveness of trip destinations. This study found that the proposed approach using interregional trip flows can effectively capture the extent to which trip destinations attract people. As real-time human mobility data become increasingly available, the new index of regional attractiveness is expected to become a key performance indicator for daily monitoring of urban and regional economies.