Browse Articles
Discover research articles across all indexed journals
The asymmetric opening of HIV-1 Env by a potent CD4 mimetic enables anti-coreceptor binding site antibodies to mediate ADCC
Genome-wide association study to dissect the genetic architecture of bolting-related traits in carrot (Daucus carota)
TMEM145 is a key stereociliary component in the link structures of outer hair cells and mediates the secretion of stereocilin and tubby
Public feedback analysis on multi-stage emergency management policies using BERTopic-SKEP integrated model
Light-modulated stem cells in the camera-type eye of an annelid model for adult brain plasticity
Abstract Camera-type eyes in vertebrates and cephalopods are striking examples of parallel evolution of a complex structure. While comparisons have focused on these two groups, camera-type eyes with likely high functionality are also found in other invertebrate phyla with simpler brains. Employing single-cell RNA sequencing, we identify neurogenic cells in the adult eyes and brain of the marine annelid worm Platynereis dumerilii . Distinct neural stem cells in the camera-type adult eyes, located at the edge of the cup-shaped retina, and adjacent to the glass body/lens, produce radial lines of cells, reminiscent of stem cells in ciliary marginal zones of vertebrate eyes exhibiting life-long growth. Normal proliferation in the eye depends on ambient light, a phenomenon that depends on the integrity of the photoreceptor gene c-opsin1 , which is present in emerging rhabdomeric photoreceptors, and impacts on their differentiation. During reproductive maturation, proliferation in the eye as well as the entire brain sharply declines, while cells upregulate molecular characteristics of mammalian adult neural stem cell quiescence. Our data provide insights into the development and modulation of annelid head and brain cells, revealing similarities and differences to vertebrate eye development, neurogenesis and brain plasticity.
Histopathological modifications and biochemical defense responses of muskmelon (Cucumis Melo L.) to root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita)
Capturing the Complexities of Catalyst–Support Interactions with the Help of Machine Learning
Abstract The structure of metal nanoparticles is central to their catalytic activity, but metal–support interactions are difficult to model via quantum‐mechanical calculations. Using a machine‐learned potential to model supported silver nanoparticles, it has been shown that the idealized nanoparticle shapes commonly invoked in the literature do not reflect experiments for diameters below 8 nm, as reported by Maxson and Szilvási.
Interferon dependent immune memory during HSV-1 neuronal latency via increased H3K9me3 and restriction by ATRX
Effects of problematic social media use on depressive symptoms
From Lignocellulose to Sustainable Aviation Fuel: Innovative Synthesis through Friedel–Crafts Alkylation and Hydrodeoxygenation
Abstract To address the aviation sector's growing carbon footprint, this study presents a novel route for producing sustainable aviation fuel precursors via acid‐catalyzed Friedel–Crafts alkylation of wood‐derived lignin monomers with furfuryl alcohol. Using guaiacol as a model compound, key catalytic requirements were investigated in batch mode. Although heterogeneous zeolites showed initial promise, pore blocking by oligomerized furfuryl alcohol limited performance, leading to the selection of para‐toluenesulfonic acid as an effective homogeneous catalyst. A fed‐batch strategy was employed to suppress oligomerization by controlling furfuryl alcohol concentration. The resulting alkylated products, structurally aligned with conventional kerosene, were further upgraded via metal‐catalyzed hydrodeoxygenation, achieving final overall yields up to 92 C%.
MYC drives left-handed Z-DNA formation to shape gene expression
Development of user-customized online teaching technology based on GPT, enhanced by generative AI-based motion recognition
Abstract This paper addresses current issues in existing joint tracking and motion recognition algorithms for Human Pose Estimation. It proposes a solution using the Numerical Discriminator Generative Adversarial Network (ND_GAN) to improve the performance of vision-based motion recognition technology. Existing algorithms face challenges in accurately tracking joints in crowded spaces or with users wearing special attire, resulting in reduced accuracy and inconsistent results. The proposed ND_GAN consists of three integrated modules, enabling more precise joint estimation even in complex environments. Experiments were conducted using yoga videos from Hanchoom, a home training platform by TDI, comparing the performance of MediaPipe and ND_GAN on both original and leg-masked videos. Quantitative evaluation showed that ND_GAN achieved 94.2% PCK@0.5, 93.1% PCK@0.2, and an F1-score of 92.8%, marking an improvement of over 30% compared to the existing MediaPipe model. Notably, ND_GAN consistently estimated joint coordinates even in occluded video conditions, demonstrating significant performance gains in scenarios where traditional models failed. Furthermore, ND_GAN outperformed cutting-edge state-of-the-art models such as DWPose and ViTPose by more than 15% in accuracy, confirming its robustness in real-world environments with various occlusion conditions. Additionally, a teaching system using GPT is introduced to provide real-time feedback on movement errors, supporting users in effectively learning the motions. This integrated approach marks a significant advancement in addressing Human Pose Estimation complexities, enhancing overall vision-based motion recognition efficacy.
Enhanced superconductivity and coexisting ferroelectricity at oxide interfaces
Abstract The coexistence of superconductivity and ferroelectricity is rare due to their conflicting requirements: superconductivity relies on free charge carriers, whereas ferroelectricity typically occurs in insulating systems. At LaAlO 3 /KTaO 3 interfaces, we demonstrate the coexistence of two-dimensional superconductivity and ferroelectricity, enabled by the unique properties of KTaO 3 as a quantum paraelectric. Systematic gating and poling experiments reveal an enhancement of the superconducting transition temperature ( T c ) by ~0.2–0.6 K and bistable transport properties, including hysteresis, strongly suggesting the existence of switchable ferroelectric polarization in the interfacial conducting layer. Raman scattering measurements and hysteresis loops indicate robust ferroelectricity below 50 K. The T c enhancement is attributed to ferroelectric polarization-induced reduction in dielectric constant, which narrows the interfacial potential well, confining carriers closer to the interface. The bistability arises from switchable ferroelectric polarization, which modulates the potential well depending on polarization direction. These findings establish a straightforward mechanism coupling ferroelectricity and superconductivity, providing a promising platform for exploring their interplay.
Autism spectrum disorder disrupts brain network connectivity maturation during childhood development
Extracellular activation of HCN4 by a subtype-specific nanobody
Correction: Effects of experimental canopy openness on wood-inhabiting fungal fruiting diversity across succession
Dietary lipid content modifies wah-1/AIFM1-associated phenotypes via LRK-1 and DRP-1 expression in C. elegans
Abstract Eukaryotic cells rely on mitochondria to fine-tune their metabolism in response to environmental and nutritional changes. However, how mitochondria adapt to nutrient availability and how diets impact mitochondrial disease progression, remain unclear. Here, we show that lipid-derived diets influence the survival of Caenorhabditis elegans carrying a hypomorphic wah-1/AIFM1 mutation that compromises mitochondrial Complex I assembly. Comparative proteomic and lipidomic analyses reveal that the overall metabolic profile of wah-1/AIFM1 mutants varies with bacterial diet. Specifically, high-lipid diets extend lifespan by promoting mitochondrial network maintenance and lipid accumulation, whereas low-lipid diets shorten animal survival via overactivation of LRK-1 and DRP-1. We demonstrate that LRK-1 inhibition downregulates DRP-1 expression, reduces mitochondrial network fragmentation, and attenuates excessive autophagy, thereby rescuing the survival defects of wah-1 mutants maintained on low-lipid diets. Together, these findings suggest that nutrition, and particularly lipid intake, may ameliorate certain disease phenotypes associated with an inherited mutation that disrupts mitochondrial bioenergetics.
Publisher Correction: NaturalTurn: a method to segment speech into psychologically meaningful conversational turns
All-optical strategies to minimize photobleaching in reversibly switchable fluorescent proteins
Abstract Photobleaching is a general hurdle of fluorescence-based techniques especially in high-resolution microscopy that relies on prolonged and complex illumination. Strategies to reduce photobleaching require chemical modifications of the cell medium, which often compromise physiological cellular conditions. Here, we outline an all-optical strategy to minimize photobleaching in reversibly switching fluorescent proteins (RSFPs), a class of probes used in super-resolution and protein-multiplexing imaging techniques. By identifying the photobleaching pathways, we develop imaging schemes to increase the number of on-off photoswitching cycles, either modulating the on-switching light or co-irradiating the RSFPs with light at longer wavelengths with respect to fluorescence excitation. We apply the optimized imaging scheme to achieve imaging multiplexing at high-spatiotemporal resolutions and to record longer time-lapse imaging of sub-cellular structures with both confocal microscopy and parallelized RESOLFT nanoscopy.