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Combination neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves outcomes
Mechanistic approach to laser-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in breast cancer cells using BSA-functionalized gold nanoparticles
Intergrowth of Prismatic and Octahedral Layers to Inhibit Fe Migration in Oxide Cathodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Abstract Fe‐based layered oxides have emerged as promising sustainable cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to their earth abundance. However, the oxidation of Fe 3+ to Fe 4+ is typically accompanied by its migration to Na layers for capacity and voltage decay. Herein, we demonstrated that Fe migration can be suppressed by modulating the prismatic (P) and octahedral (O) intergrowth at deeply charged states in O3‐Na 0.8 Fe 0.4 Ni 0.1 Mn 0.4 M 0.15 O 2 (M = Ca, Mg). The strong bonding of O 2− ─Ca 2+ ─O 2− in Na layers prevents the gliding of transition‐metal (TM) layers and mitigates the P‐ to O‐type stacking transition at ≥ 3.7 V, which alleviates formation of vacant tetrahedra in O‐type stacking structure to restrict Fe migration. At the same time, Mg incorporation in TM layers promotes an upward shift of Fe 3d states toward the Fermi level and facilitates the sluggish redox of Fe 3+ /Fe 4+ . These enable its high specific capacity of 136 mAh g −1 and outstanding cycling stability with capacity retention of 72% after 1000 cycles. This work paves the pathway for design of sustainable cathode materials for SIBs and beyond.
Mechanisms of COPII coat assembly and cargo recognition in the secretory pathway
Ivonescimab delays disease progression
Nanoengineered t-ZrO2 coatings for superior corrosion resistance on steel surfaces
Abstract Corrosion of steel has several catastrophic consequences in various sectors. The inorganic nanoparticle-based anticorrosive coating on steel drew important attention to its large surface-to-volume ratio. The primary aim of this study is to synthesize and characterize t-ZrO 2 nanoparticles at an optimized annealing temperature and evaluate their structural, morphological, and optical properties. Additionally, the study investigates their effectiveness as a corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 1 M H 2 SO 4 . The study explores the cheap, facile, green synthesis of t-ZrO 2 nanoparticles (NPs) through bark extract from the gum arabic plant ( Acacia nilotica ) for anticorrosive coatings on carbon steel. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirms the tetragonal phase structure and the crystallite size, calculated using Scherrer’s formula, is found to be 8.1 nm. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy reveals the presence of Zr-O bonding along with organic residues from plant extracts, confirming the formation of t-ZrO 2 NPs. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images confirm a rock stone-like structure, while energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy verifies the presence of Zr and O elements. The study further investigates the corrosion inhibition efficiency of t-ZrO 2 NPs on carbon steel in 1 M H 2 SO 4 . The atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses reveal a smoother surface with reduced roughness in the presence of the inhibitor. Electrochemical measurements, including weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), confirm a significant reduction in corrosion rate. The inhibition efficiency reaches 95.2% at 200 ppm of 0.2 M t-ZrO 2 NPs, with an increased charge transfer resistance (R ct ) of 14,715 Ω cm 2 and a reduced double-layer capacitance (C dl ) of 0.631 × 10⁸ F/cm 2 . These findings demonstrate that t-ZrO 2 NPs act as an effective corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in acidic environments.
Clinical relevance of extracellular vesicles in cancer — therapeutic and diagnostic potential
Some new results on interval-valued volterra integro-differential equations for caputo fractional derivative
Author Correction: Stereotactic radiosurgery for patients with brain metastases: current principles, expanding indications and opportunities for multidisciplinary care
Computational evaluation of an Ag (I)-N-heterocyclic carbene complex as a novel gas scavanger
Adaptive Rhodium Catalysis with a Lewis‑Acidic Secondary Sphere for Divergent Hydrogenation of Propargylic Alcohols
Abstract Achieving chemoselective transformations of multifunctional molecules under mild and sustainable conditions remains a central challenge in catalysis. Here, we show that a rhodium complex equipped with a Lewis acidic secondary coordination sphere can mediate condition‐dependent, divergent hydrogenation of propargylic alcohols. By tuning the reaction medium, the system selectively yields one of three products—retained alkynes, allylic ethers, or ( E )‐alkenes—from a single substrate–catalyst pair under hydrogen. Mechanistic studies implicate π‐allyl and rhodium hydride intermediates, with solvent polarity and nucleophilicity steering the reaction pathway. Control experiments confirm the critical roles of both molecular hydrogen and the boron Lewis acid in enabling divergent selectivity. These findings demonstrate how rational secondary‐sphere design can enable adaptive catalysis and provide a platform for programmable bond transformations in multifunctional substrates.
The tumour microenvironment in pancreatic cancer — new clinical challenges, but more opportunities
Chemical priming of strawberry plants under deficit irrigation enhances yield efficiency and physiological resilience
Abstract Strawberry is a high-value crop with substantial water requirements, rendering it particularly vulnerable to irrigation limitations, especially in regions like the Mediterranean, which is characterized by low summer rainfall and restricted water sources. This study investigated the effects of different priming agents (PAs) on yield efficiency and physiological and biochemical performance of strawberry ( Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cv. ‘Red Sayma 1075’ grown under deficit irrigation. The experiment was conducted under a commercial strawberry setup in Cyprus, using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five blocks serving as biological replicates. The treatments were hydroprimed, 100 µM melatonin (Mel), 0.1% w/v sodium alginate (NaA), 0.1% w/v NaA/100 µM Mel, 2 mM proline, and 0.1% w/v NaA/2 mM proline. Three treatment applications were performed at different times, one at root level of tray plants prior to transplantation and two foliar applications at 8 d and 15 d after transplantation. Plants received 50% of standard irrigation following priming applications to simulate conditions of deficit irrigation. Results demonstrated that Mel, NaA, and NaA/Proline treatments significantly enhanced cumulative yield of early harvest compared with hydroprimed controls. Mel and NaA/Mel displayed significantly higher endogenous Mel content compared with controls. In addition, an array of analysis was conducted ar leaf level at 2, 15 and 29 d after imposition of deficit irrigation. Elevated proline concentrations were observed during early stress stages (2 days), particularly in NaA and NaA/proline treatments. Proline levels were suppressed after 15 d, indicating an adaptive metabolic response in NaA, NaA/Melatonin, proline as well as on NaA/Proline primed plants. Significant downregulation of enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, CAT and H 2 O 2 ) was also observed in all treatments in the initial stages of stress application and were maintained at low levels throughout the duration of the experiment until 29 days. Thereafter, most biochemical markers returned to baseline levels, indicating stabilization of physiological responses under sustained deficit irrigation. The findings highlight the potential of specific priming strategies, particularly those involving Mel, NaA, and NaA/proline to mitigate drought stress, sustain yield, and improve physiological resilience in strawberry cultivation under water deficit conditions.
Optimizing CAR T cell therapy for solid tumours: a clinical perspective
Molecular characterization of JC virus in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy cases from India
Liver fibrosis index and mortality in metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease: a Korean cohort study
Discovery of a Serine‐Directed Chemical Reaction for Site‐Specific Protein Modification via Phage Display Screening
Abstract Conventional biocompatible chemistry typically depends on unnatural functional groups, such as alkynes and azides. Here, we present a natural amino acid‐based alternative by leveraging phage display to discover Cu II ‐assisted serine arylation ( CASA ), a serine‐selective strategy for chemical protein modification, achieved through a Cu II ‐mediated hydroxyl‐arylation reaction. CASA enables fast and precise modification of a single serine hydroxyl group within complex proteins while leaving the other amino acids, including serines at other sites, unmodified. CASA demonstrates robust performance in on‐demand modification of diverse recombinant proteins, including therapeutic antibodies, with single‐residue precision. The system's ability to selectively target individual proteins within crude cell lysates suggests its potential for applications in complex biological environments and positions it as a versatile tool for protein engineering.