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“It’s about time”: Tregs win the Nobel prize

Next-generation T cell immunotherapies engineered with CRISPR base and prime editing: challenges and opportunities

Cepharanthine alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury through modulating macrophage polarization

CAR-T cells drive into progressive multiple sclerosis

Comparative study of seed germinations and phenology of population of the invasive weed Solanum rostratum Dunal in Israel

Lilly’s tirzepatide and Novo Nordisk’s semaglutide vie for top drug spot

Non-financial conflicts of interest

Rapid estimation of protein folding pathways from sequence alone using AlphaFold2

Proteomic and morphologic characterization of ovine macrophage differentiation and polarization

Abstract Macrophages play crucial roles in inflammation and tissue homeostasis, exhibiting phenotypic and functional plasticity that enables them to initiate, sustain, or resolve inflammation. To support the evidence-based selection of biomedically relevant preclinical models, this study comprehensively characterized ovine macrophage differentiation and polarization by integrating morphological assessments with in-depth proteomic profiling of cellular lysates and secretomes. Monocytes isolated from peripheral blood were differentiated into macrophages using GM-CSF (GMØ) or M-CSF (MMØ), then polarized into M1 and M2 phenotypes. Mass spectrometry identified 4804 proteins in cell lysates and 901 in secretomes, including 42 CD antigens, enabling the establishment of CD marker profiles for monocytes and the distinct macrophage differentiation and polarization states. Proteomic analyses revealed significant upregulation of inflammatory markers in M1 and elevated tissue repair markers in M2 macrophages. Enrichment analysis confirmed activation of antimicrobial and matrix-degrading pathways in M1 macrophages, and regenerative, proteolysis-inhibiting functions in M2 macrophages. In conclusion, this study addresses the limitations of currently available immunological tools by providing an antibody-independent alternative for the classification of ovine macrophages, facilitating more precise phenotypic characterization and functional insight in ovine immunology research.

CRISPR activation tackles neurodevelopmental disorders

RAD51 D-loop structures reveal the mechanism of eukaryotic RAD51-mediated strand exchange

Knowledge, practices, and recognition ability of counterfeit medicines among lebanese community pharmacists during concurrent national crises

Novartis pays US$12 billion for Avidity’s lead antibody–oligonucleotide drugs

Sprint interval exercise disrupts mitochondrial ultrastructure driving a unique mitochondrial stress response and remodelling in men

Resource efficient hybrid baseline for named entity recognition in classical Arabic

Cancer cell therapies: global clinical trial trends and emerging directions

Exercise as a new therapeutic modality in oncology: CHALLENGE trial refines survivorship care

A nanoMIP sensor for real-time in vivo monitoring of levodopa pharmacokinetics in precision Parkinson’s therapy

Unintended VOC emissions from cotton and viscose pads complicate olfactory experiments

FDA approves PDE4 inhibitor for IPF