Browse Articles

Corrosion‐Driven Ni ₃ S ₄ Gradient in NiFe‐LDH Enables Durable Industrial‐Scale Water Electrolysis

Abstract Designing low‐cost yet highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts is essential to enable sustainable green hydrogen generation. However, synthesis complexity, slow kinetics, and poor durability hinder industrial use. In this study, we present a corrosion‐driven gradient engineering approach for the rapid, energy‐free synthesis of Ni 3 S 4 /NiFe‐LDH heterostructures on iron foam (IF) under ambient conditions. During spontaneous IF corrosion, a compositional and gradient structure forms, with Ni 3 S 4 dominating the surface and NiFe‐LDH enriching the core, establishing a continuous pathway for rapid electron transport. The catalyst exhibits superior OER performance, achieving low overpotentials of 297 mV in 1 M KOH and 326 mV in simulated seawater at 500 mA cm −2 . Notably, in pure‐water anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer, the catalyst demonstrates industrial‐grade performance, sustaining 1 A cm −2 at 1.85 V with remarkable stability over 1,000 h of continuous operation. Operando spectroscopic studies unveil that SO 4 2− leaching from surface Ni 3 S 4 in the gradient structure provides dual protection against metal dissolution and chloride corrosion. Furthermore, the in situ formation of FeOOH synergistically stabilizes the catalytically critical Ni 3+ species in NiOOH through strong Fe─O─Ni interfacial bonding, contributing to the exceptional durability. This work provides fundamental insights into corrosion‐mediated catalyst design, offering a scalable pathway for developing industrial‐grade electrocatalysts.

Fractional orthopair fuzzy decision framework for sustainable water resource management in urban areas

Intermolecular dark resonance energy transfer (DRET) for high contrast imaging of endogenous mRNAs in 3D biological samples

Abstract In cellulo detection of RNA molecules is a cornerstone for understanding many biological processes, with recent advances heavily centered on fluorescence-based strategies. The fluorescence resonance energy transfer process stands out as an indispensable tool due to the high specificity of the signal emitted by the acceptor when in proximity to the donor. However, inherent crosstalk between the spectral bands of FRET-compatible fluorophores often diminishes detection sensitivity. Capitalizing on the unique capacity of poorly emissive fluorophores to transfer their energy by resonance, we previously introduced the intermolecular Dark-RET (DRET) concept. This approach has the advantage of minimizing the background noise while maximizing the fluorogenic response via the acceptor emission channel. In this study, we refined both theoretical and hands-on aspects of the DRET approach, providing a readily accessible framework to the scientific community. We further underscored its potential to generate a specific fluorogenic response upon target recognition by detecting the oskar mRNA in the biological context of Drosophila oocytes. Combining in situ hybridization experiments with confocal imaging, we demonstrated the ability of the intermolecular DRET approach to generate high signal-to-noise ratios and specific target recognition, highlighting the benefits of the intermolecular DRET strategy compared to standard FRET approaches.

Synergistic Enhancement of Electron and Hole Transport by Pd Single Atoms and Gradient‐Distributed Ti ³⁺ Species for High‐Performance Photocatalytic Oxidation of CH ₄ to Oxygenates

Abstract Photocatalytic oxidation of methane to liquid oxygenates offers a sustainable strategy for utilizing natural gas and reducing carbon emissions. However, the efficiency of current photocatalysts remains limited by poor charge carrier utilization, particularly the ineffective migration of holes that are crucial for C─H bond activation. Herein, we report a rationally engineered TiO 2 photocatalyst incorporating atomically dispersed Pd and a gradient distribution of Ti 3+ species, achieving a remarkable C 1 oxygenates yield of 8.14 mmol·g cat −1 ·h −1 with 91.3% selectivity at room temperature, surpassing most state‐of‐the‐art photocatalysts. Comprehensive characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that Pd single atoms accelerate electron transfer and facilitate O 2 dissociation, while the gradient‐distributed Ti 3+ species promote hole migration from the bulk to the surface, enabling efficient CH 4 activation. These spatially separated charge pathways synergistically promote the formation of • CH 3 and • OOH radicals, which couple to generate CH 3 OOH and subsequently convert into methanol and formaldehyde.

A practical slice averaged image method for precise CT size specific dose estimates

Abstract Computed tomography (CT) is a widely used diagnostic tool, but variations in patient anatomy make accurate radiation dose estimation challenging. While size-specific dose estimates (SSDE) can serve as a more effective tool for dose prediction than conventional indices like CTDI vol and DLP, calculating the water-equivalent diameter (D w ) for each slice is time-consuming and often impractical. To address this, we propose a novel method, the SSDE slice-averaged image (SSDE SAI ), which calculates D w from a single image generated by averaging CT values across all slices. This approach captures anatomical variability while reducing calculation effort. We retrospectively analyzed CT data from 282 adult patients in three scan regions: chest, abdomen–pelvis, and chest–abdomen–pelvis (CAP). SSDE SAI was compared with SSDE center and the reference mean SSDE using regression analysis and root mean square error (RMSE). SSDE SAI showed stronger agreement with mean SSDE than SSDE center across all regions, achieving R 2 values up to 0.991 and lower RMSE. These results suggest that SSDE SAI is a more advanced approach for dose prediction and may serve as a practical alternative for routine clinical use.

Application of contrast-enhanced ultrasound combined with ultra-high-frequency ultrasound in lymphaticovenous anastomosis

Incoherent pumping-induced optical limiting

Organic‐Acid‐Mediated Growth of Oriented Membrane from 2D‐Structured Zirconium MOF for CO ₂ Separation

Abstract Two‐dimensional structured metal–organic framework (2D‐structured MOF) membranes with functionalized and ordered‐direction pores hold significant promise for efficient CO 2 separation. However, the direct synthesis of such membranes remains a substantial challenge. Herein, we report a novel organic‐acid‐mediated conversion strategy for direct transformation of a preformed metal–organic gel (MOG) into an oriented membrane of 2D‐structured MOF. The MOG is initially synthesized and subsequently dissociated to release Zr 6 clusters, which promotes the nucleation and growth of the MOF structure. Small organic molecules of formic acid are employed to modulate the coordination between Zr 6 clusters and 4,4′,4″‐tricarboxyltriphenylamine ligand (TCA 3− ). By finely tuning the balance between crystallization and intergrowth kinetics, a highly oriented Zr‐TCA membrane is fabricated, exhibiting excellent crystallinity and structural homogeneity. The resulting Zr‐TCA membrane features nitrogen‐functionalized, well‐aligned pores oriented parallel to the direction of gas permeation; enabling outstanding CO 2 /N 2 separation performance, with an exceptional CO 2 permeance of 1857.3 GPU and a high CO 2 /N 2 selectivity of 39.2 at 0.12 MPa and 25 °C.

Prevalence, associated factors, and safety implications of prehospital herbal medicine use in Southwestern, Ethiopia

Perioperative therapy effective in high-risk HCC

Sustainable smart agricultural approach in terrace farming through sensor fusion technology

Belzutifan as a new option in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas

Lipoxin A4 alleviates sepsis-induced acute liver injury by inhibiting inflammatory response and iron overload via JAK2/STAT3 signaling

Mechanism of the Stoltz–Grubbs (KO <i> ^t </i> Bu/Et ₃ SiH) Silylation: Single‐Electron Transfer is the Missing Link between the Heterolytic and Radical Pathways

Abstract A new mechanism for the Stoltz–Grubbs (KO t Bu/Et 3 SiH) silylation of heteroarenes is reported that successfully resolves the important unexplained experimental features of the reaction. The mechanism combines hydride transfer, hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), and single electron transfer (SET) steps (with the substrate hydride adduct being identified as a new SET donor) and is supported by extensive theoretical calculations. Previously proposed heterolytic and radical mechanisms do not involve SET. The discovery of a mechanistic role for SET explains why the silylation reaction simultaneously displays both heterolytic and radical character, and why it does not require free silyl radicals. Previously unexplained experimental results from reactions of isotopically labelled reactants and on the inhibitory effects of electron‐accepting additives can also be understood based on the SET mechanism.

Synthesis, Structures, and CPL Property of Inner‐Wall Modified Pagoda[5]Arenes Driven by Cavity Microenvironment

Abstract Macrocyclic arenes with large cavities and chirality are attractive in supramolecular chemistry, but fixing their conformation and obtaining stable chirality remain significant challenges. The method of rim functionalization with bulky groups often involves multiple reactive sites, leading to poor selectivity and efficiency. Herein, the inner‐wall modification as a promising yet underexplored strategy for achieving fixed conformation and stable chirality of pagoda[5]arene ( P5 ) was developed. Consequently, a series of inner‐wall modified P5 derivatives were obtained in high yields under mild conditions by the highly efficient and selective Diels–Alder (D–A) cycloadditions of P5 with ( E )‐1,2‐bis( N ‐alkyl‐4‐pyridinium)ethylene guests, enabled by the guest pre‐organization in the cavity microenvironment of P5 . In contrast, reactions of 2,6‐dimethoxyanthracene and the guests are not observed even at 170 °C due to the absence of the cavity microenvironment. Moreover, a neutral inner‐wall modified derivative ( P5py ) was obtained by post‐reaction demethylation. P5py exhibited stable planar chirality, and its enantiomers were efficiently resolved by chiral HPLC. Notably, the enantiomers showed mirror‐imaged CD signals and strong CPL property. This work provides a new facile strategy for fixing the conformation and achieving the stable chirality of macrocyclic arenes with chiral large cavities, and thereby broadens their prospects for applications in supramolecular and materials chemistry.

Sacituzumab tirumotecan improves OS in EGFR TKI-resistant NSCLC

Trace papaverine analysis in biological samples after preconcentration by UA-D-μ-SPE method using a new magnetic GO–MOF nanocomposite

HER2-directed therapy improves urothelial cancer outcomes

Application of deep reinforcement learning for aerodynamic control around an angled airfoil via synthetic jet

A Novel Antimalarial Agent that Inhibits Protein Synthesis in <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>

Abstract The emergence of drug resistance to nearly all antimalarials following their rollout underscores the need for novel chemotypes with novel modes of action to replenish the antimalarial drug‐development pipeline. We identified a novel class of compounds in the antimalarial armory. Compound 31 , characterized by a 2‐hydroxyphenyl benzamide scaffold, displays potent activity against blood‐stage and mature sexual stages of Plasmodium falciparum and no toxicity in human cells. Resistance selection studies with 31 identified a previously unknown point mutation in the P. falciparum multidrug‐resistance protein 1 ( pfmdr1 ) gene, for which we confirmed causality by CRISPR/Cas9‐based gene editing as the primary mediator of resistance. No cross‐resistance toward first‐line antimalarials was identified in compound 31 ‐resistant parasites. Proteomics studies indicated that the primary mode of action of 31 is through direct binding to cytosolic ribosomal subunits, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis in the parasite. Taken together, compound 31 is a promising starting point for the development of a next‐generation antimalarial.