Browse Articles

Phase‐Transition Nanoparticles Enable Fluorescence Self‐Reporting for Close‐Loop Photodynamic Therapy

Abstract Photodynamic therapy (PDT) faces a fundamental limitation of the intrinsic energy utilization competition between fluorescence and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, while conventional “open‐loop” protocols with pre‐determined irradiation parameters risk overtreatment damage. To circumvent both challenges, we herein report phase transition nanoparticles (PTNPs) that enable self‐regulated, self‐reported, close‐loop PDT via switching photosensitizers’ molecular conformation. PTNPs were fabricated by co‐encapsulating a twisted intramolecular charge transfer‐aggregation‐induced emission (TICT‐AIE) photosensitizer (OTPA‐DCPP) and the phase‐change material n ‐docosane (C22, T m ≈ 44.4 °C) into lipid‐PEG nanoparticles. With TICT effect to reduce the singlet–triplet energy gap and AIE effect to suppress nonradiative dissipation, OTPA‐DCPP exhibits polarity‐enhanced type I ROS generation. C22 initially creates a rigid and polar microenvironment that stabilizes OTPA‐DCPP's TICT and AIE effects, maximizing ROS generation. During PDT progress, PTNPs consumed oxygen and accumulated heat, the melted C22 above T m created a nonpolar microenvironment, restoring the intense fluorescence while halting ROS generation. The emerged fluorescence serves as a real‐time indicator of OTPA‐DCPP's functional status, providing an unambiguous cue to cease irradiation to avoid energy waste and excessive heat buildup. As such, PTNPs circumvent excited‐state energy reallocation challenges, which also serve as a self‐reported, close‐loop PDT system for safe and precise phototheranostics.

A lightweight cross-scale EDS-DETR model for hazard detection in transmission corridors

Organic Microemulsion Electrolytes for Advanced Metal Secondary Batteries

Abstract Current carbonate electrolytes encounter a bottleneck for high‐performance lithium rechargeable batteries due to their potential safety issues, narrow operating temperature range, limited electrochemical windows, and chemical instability. Herein, advanced organic microemulsion electrolytes (OMEs) are developed by emulsifying the high‐molar‐ratio electrolytes to decrease the viscosity and molarity with nonpolar solvents and surfactants. The as‐prepared nonflammable LiFSI‐TMP/TFEP/PFPN OME shows intrinsic safety and high stability toward the graphite anode and LiCoO 2 cathode. The pouch cells with this OME demonstrate long‐term cycling stability of 200 cycles, along with excellent low‐temperature performance, and meanwhile pass the nail penetration safety test. Moreover, the concept of “OME” can be extended to prepare other electrolyte systems with compatible electrochemical properties for different battery systems at extreme conditions, which opens a new avenue in electrolyte development by extending the choice of solvents for broadening the application fields of advanced rechargeable batteries.

Retraction Note: Counter-ion dependent, longitudinal unzipping of multi-walled carbon nanotubes to highly conductive and transparent graphene nanoribbons

In vitro and in silico analysis of anticancer and antioxidant potential of camphor derivatives

Qwen TextCNN and BERT models for enhanced multilabel news classification in mobile apps

Abstract Mobile news classification systems face significant challenges due to their large scale and complexity. In this paper, we perform a comprehensive comparative study between traditional classification models, such as TextCNN and BERT based models and Large Language Models (LLMs), for the purpose of multi-label news categorization in mobile apps about the Chinese mobile news application. We evaluated the performance of conventional techniques, including a BERT model, along with Qwen models that have been tuned with instruction and fine-tuned using the LoRA technique, to optimize their effectiveness while preserving classification accuracy. Our experimental results show that BERT models perform best for multi-label classification with balanced datasets, while textCNN performs better for binary classification tasks. Our results also reveal that the LSTM and MLP classifiers consistently achieve the highest accuracy with text instruction prompts, while random embeddings achieve competitive accuracy. Furthermore, despite the low macro F1 scores due to class imbalance, consistent relative performance confirms the validity of our analysis. Our research reveals crucial information about the classification of automotive news, highlighting the importance of weighing technical prowess against deployment constraints when choosing model architectures.

Stereodivergent Alkylation of Unstrained C(sp ³ )─C(sp ³ ) Bonds

Abstract Asymmetric functionalization of C─C σ bond is a straightforward way to edit molecule backbones but heavily relies on strained rings. The related process with unstrained structure is highly challenging, and only several cases are reported. However, these examples can just achieve related enantiomers through C─C σ bond activation. The stereodivergent C─C σ bond functionalization for precise access to all stereoisomers is unknown. Here we have established two catalytic systems to show the feasibility of unstrained C─C σ bond functionalization as an efficient pathway in stereodivergent synthesis. Both unnatural amino acid derivatives bearing two vicinal stereocenters and carbonyl compounds containing a tertiary fluoride are constructed in good yields with high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities. Stereodivergent access to all these chiral skeletons is demonstrated possible with simple dictation of ligand configurations. Mechanistic studies unveil the resolution pathway of racemic allyl substrates through diene formation instead of typical metal interconversion and C─C formation as rate‐determining step.

Diagnostic value of flow cytometric urine analysis in urinary tract infections of newborns and infants

Molecular Design‐Enabled Pyridinium‐Based Metal Halide Glass Scintillators with Robust Glass‐Forming Ability and Tailorable Radioluminescence

Abstract Organic–inorganic hybrid metal halide (OIMH) glasses represent a promising class of functional materials due to their facile synthesis, high transparency, and composition tunability. However, a significant gap persists in the diversity of applicable glassy material systems and the availability of well‐defined structural design guidelines compared to their crystalline counterparts. Herein, we synthesized a series of pyridine‐based OIMH crystals exhibiting efficient luminescence and exceptional melting properties. Through systematic benzyl functionalization and phenyl substitution on the pyridinium cation, we have optimized both luminescence efficiency and glass‐forming ability (GFA). Among them, (1‐Bz‐3‐PhPy) 2 MnBr 4 (1‐Bz‐3‐PhPy = 1‐benzyl‐3‐phenylpyridinium) displays the lowest melting temperature ( T m  = 111.9 °C) and the highest glass transition temperature ( T g  = 50.3 °C), yielding excellent GFA as indicated by a high T g / T m ratio of 0.84. The exceptional GFA is further demonstrated by the glass's remarkable stability, retaining an amorphous state even after annealing at 80 °C for 8 weeks. It also allows for co‐melting with other easily crystallizable components, which facilitates the preparation of two‐component glasses with precisely tunable radioluminescence properties. These advanced glassy materials provide opportunities for practical X‐ray imaging and real‐time visualization of multicolor radiation detection, further establishing new design paradigms for OIMH scintillators.

Quantitative separation of planar Nernst effects in harmonic Hall measurements of spin–orbit torques in Pt/Co/HfO/Ta multilayers

Bayesian-driven autonomous defense adaptive consensus optimisation for blockchain networks

Reversible Sandwich‐Based Particle Nanoswitch for Continuous Protein Monitoring at Picomolar Concentrations with Automated Calibration

Abstract Continuous monitoring of specific proteins is essential for understanding the dynamics of biological systems and for enabling real‐time measurement‐and‐control strategies in bioprocesses. Ideally, sensors for continuous monitoring should be intrinsically reversible and able to perform accurate measurements over long time spans. Here, we present a particle nanoswitch sensor containing two different antibody fragments that bind reversibly to a protein of interest and thus form transient sandwich complexes. The antibody fragments are incorporated into the sensor using site‐specific conjugation strategies to achieve optimal antibody orientation. Short‐lived sandwich complexes are detected with single‐molecule resolution, by tracking the motion of tethered particles. The sensing concept is demonstrated for lactoferrin, an iron‐binding and immune‐modulating protein. We show continuous measurements of picomolar concentrations, with a delay time of less than 12 min, over a monitoring period of more than 12 h. Automated calibration strategies are described that result in a mean absolute relative difference below 10% compared to reference measurements. These results demonstrate how rapid continuous protein sensing at picomolar concentrations can be achieved using reversible sandwich‐based particle nanoswitches, enabling long‐term monitoring of dynamic bioprocesses.

Bio-hybrid 6G networks with synthetic biology-enabled base stations for energy-autonomous telecommunications

Effective Coordination Promoted Carbene N─H Bond Insertion on Heterogeneous Cu Catalyst

Abstract In this study, we present a rationally designed Cu nanowire (NW) catalyst for carbene N─H bond insertion, addressing the challenges associated with highly coordinative aliphatic amines. The heterogeneous Cu NW catalyst with well‐defined structures efficiently catalyzed carbene insertion reactions between various α‐aryl diazoesters and aliphatic amines including monoethanolamine (MEA), achieving moderate to high yields. Infrared spectroscopy analysis and theoretical studies confirm the strong coordination of MEA on the surface of the Cu NW. Comprehensive kinetic studies reveal that both the two substrates and Cu NW were involved in the rate‐determining step (RDS). Notably, the observed second‐order dependence on Cu NW suggests that two identical Cu atoms participated in the RDS, one coordinating with the carbene carbon and the other binding with the amine nitrogen. A Hammett‐plot study with 4‐substituted benzylamines reveal that amines bearing electron‐donating groups reacted significantly more slowly than those bearing electron‐withdrawing groups, supporting a concerted N─H carbene insertion mechanism. Collectively, these findings elucidate the exceptional catalytic performance of Cu NW in carbene N─H bond insertion reactions, further underscoring the significance of heterogeneous catalysts in organic transformations.

SLC45A2 drives prostate cancer progression through tumor promotion and immune suppression

Correction: Pan-cancer analysis of UGGT1 in human tumors and experimental validation in breast cancer

Protein domain-specific genotype–phenotype correlation study of neurofibromatosis type 1

Recoverable Fluorination Accelerates Ring‐Opening Copolymerisation and Enables Post‐Polymerisation‐Modification of Polyesters

Abstract Fluorination of polymers is a powerful strategy to enhance chemical or material properties yet integrating these benefits into degradable polymers remains underexplored. Here, we report a new class of fluorinated polyesters synthesized via ring‐opening copolymerisation of pentafluoro styrene oxide with phthalic anhydride. The pendant C 6 F 5 groups accelerate catalysis through fluorine‐specific π‐stacking interactions and improve obtained molecular weights compared to the non‐fluorinated variant giving access to high weight materials ( M n,max. > 100 kg mol −1 ) with thermal and mechanical properties competitive with commodity plastics. These C 6 F 5 groups then act as reactive handles in the material for efficient post‐polymerisation modification (PPM) in solution, allowing fine‐tuning of thermal, mechanical, optical, and solubility properties. PPM can even be performed on material surfaces, films and fibres can be selectively modified without dissolution. Lastly, degradation enables quantitative recovery of fluorine centres as sodium fluoride, offering a sustainable end‐of‐life option for the incorporated fluorine. Our work demonstrates how targeted fluorination of degradable polyesters can simultaneously enhance catalysis and unlock advanced material functionality.

Optimizing internet of things security through blockchain enabled software defined networking

Chemical Reactions in Cellular Microenvironments Directed by Conjugated Polymers Toward Biomedical Advances

Abstract Conjugated polymers exhibit unique structural and optoelectronic properties, enabling precise modulation of chemical reactions within cellular microenvironments. This review highlights recent advances in CP‐directed biomedical strategies, focusing on their roles in light‐driven biophotocatalysis, photodynamic and photothermal therapies, and precision cellular regulation. By facilitating targeted redox transformations, gas generation, and supramolecular interactions, CPs provide spatiotemporal control over complex biological processes. The integration of CPs into dynamic assemblies and biointerfaces enables responsive, minimally invasive interventions for cancer, inflammation, and metabolic dysfunctions. Furthermore, emerging approaches that combine artificial intelligence with molecular design are accelerating the development of CP‐based platforms for personalized medicine. These interdisciplinary innovations underscore the transformative potential of CPs in therapeutic modulation, diagnostic enhancement, and the development of next‐generation biomedical devices.