Browse Articles

Metal‐Hydroxide‐Porphin Framework Membrane for Almost Perfectly Selective Li ⁺ Retention

Abstract Membrane separation of Li + from other ions, particularly alkaline ions, offers a green way toward direct lithium extraction from various brines. Here we report a metal‐hydroxide‐porphin framework membrane, allowing the passage of all major competing cations (Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+ ) while only retaining Li + . The crystalline nature of the membrane allows periodically arranged porphin molecules, enabling stable molecular recognition effect. By density functional theory calculations, we found that the porphin molecules had a strong interaction with Li + and prevented their translocation through the porphin cavity. As a result, the membrane allows Na + and K + transport but rejects the transport of Li + completely. Notably, due to the much higher mobility of divalent ions, the membrane also allows the passage of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ while still retaining Li + under a low external voltage (0.8 V). We expect that this work establishes metal‐hydroxide‐porphin framework membrane as a promising and versatile platform for ion sieving studies and applications.

Effects of resistance training on gait and muscle strength improvement in unilateral transfemoral amputees: a pilot investigation

Influence of transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation on postoperative catheter-related bladder discomfort in urology: a prospective randomized controlled trial

A Picolyl‐Based Cys Caging/Uncaging Strategy Facilitates Protein Synthesis

Abstract Endowed with a reactive thiol group, cysteine (Cys) provides a versatile handle for site‐specific bioconjugation and serves as a cornerstone of chemical protein synthesis, particularly in native chemical ligation (NCL). Extensions such as expressed protein ligation (EPL)‐desulfurization have significantly broadened access to challenging proteins. However, they require orthogonal caging/uncaging protecting groups to enable selective desulfurization in the presence of native cysteines, a process that is crucial for synthetic applications. Photolabile protecting groups (PPGs), which are cleaved via irradiation, offer a simpler and less disruptive approach to protein assembly compared to traditional thiol protecting groups. However, current commercially available PPGs are not compatible with orthogonal protection and EPL‐desulfurization. To address this challenge, we developed a novel and simple picolyl‐based PPG for Cys caging/uncaging, which enables rapid orthogonal caging of thiols and their subsequent uncaging via pH and wavelength control. Notably, the picolyl group undergoes photoorthogonal activation in the presence of a nitrobenzyl group. The efficient synthesis of interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) via one‐pot iterative ligation and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) via EPL‐desulfurization further highlights how this strategy significantly advances the synthesis of complex proteins.

Research on parameter optimization design of coreless transformer based on genetic algorithm

Novel <i>α</i> ‐KG/Fe(II)‐Dependent Dioxygenases Catalyzing C1 <i>β</i> ‐Hydroxylation and Construction of 5/7/6‐Skeleton of Highly Oxygenated Taxoids

Abstract Here, we report the discovery and functional characterization of one novel taxane C1 β ‐hydroxylase ( Tm T1 β H), belonging to the α ‐ketoglutarate ( α ‐KG)/Fe(II)‐dependent dioxygenase family from Taxus × media cell cultures. The incubation of recombinant Tm T1 β H with 1 β ‐dehydroxybaccatin IV ( 1 ) as a substrate led to the production of a major C1‐hydroxylated product, baccatin IV ( 1a ), and a minor product, 15‐hydroxy‐11(15→1) abeo ‐baccatin IV ( 1b ), a non‐classical 5/7/6‐type taxane. Moreover, in vitro biochemical assays, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation combined with site‐directed mutagenesis revealed the critical amino acid residues for Tm T1 β H catalysis. Substrate specificity investigations revealed that Tm T1 β H preferred taxoids with high oxygenation level. Notably, we have also discovered a novel specific enzyme ( Tm 576) belonging to α ‐KG/Fe(II)‐dependent dioxygenase that was able to convert 1 to 1b independently. A mechanism that the 5/7/6‐membered carbon framework arises from prototypical 6/8/6‐type taxane skeleton via radical rearrangement was proposed based on DFT calculations. More importantly, we artificially reconstructed the biosynthetic pathway of two important taxanes, baccatin IV, and baccatin VI, from GGPP in tobacco system. This work not only fully characterizes the role of C1 β ‐hydroxylase of taxoids, but also offered new insights into the formation of taxane structural diversity.

Developing a QSPR model for Alzheimer’s drugs using topological indices and M-polynomial: A computational study

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Macrogenomic analysis of the previous crops effects on tobacco soil microbiomes

In Situ Visualization of Lattice‐Coherent Phase Oscillations and Active Brownian Motion of a Copper Catalyst During Hydrogen Oxidation

Abstract Structural dynamics govern the catalytic activity of metal nanoparticles (NPs), yet their atomic‐scale mechanisms remain unclear. Using in situ transmission electron microscopy, we reveal redox‐driven lattice‐coherent Cu↔Cu 2 O phase oscillations in individual Cu NPs during hydrogen oxidation conditions. These oscillations generate active Brownian particles, wherein asymmetric H 2 oxidation leads to directional motion that results in particle collisions and sintering. Crucially, the same active Brownian motion also triggers particle splitting, counteracting surface area loss and deactivation. Such active matter behavior arises from the formation of a head–tail morphology at critical H 2 :O 2 ratios (e.g., 5:1), featuring a metallic‐rich head and an oxide‐dominated tail, with their volumetric balance dynamically shifting through competitive oxidation‐reduction cycles. Quantitative analysis establishes a direct correlation between migration velocity and redox dynamics, revealing that the oxidation process significantly enhances particle mobility while the followed reduction process slows the velocity. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrate that particle elongation and oxide tail fragmentation, accompanying particle migration, can be explained by asymmetric adhesion forces between the metallic/oxide phases and the silicon nitride support, alongside the redox reactions occurring on the particles. This work provides atomic‐scale insights into catalyst dynamics under operando redox conditions, offering foundational knowledge for designing stable, high‐performance catalytic systems.

Multicomponent stress-strength reliability analysis using the inverted exponentiated Rayleigh distribution under block adaptive type-II progressive hybrid censoring and k-records

Abstract We propose a statistical model for multicomponent stress-strength reliability under the inverted exponentiated Rayleigh distribution. The model is specifically designed for complex data structures where component strength is measured using block adaptive Type-II progressive hybrid censoring, while operational stress is captured as upper k-records with inter-k-record times. After formulating the reliability function for an s -out-of- k system, we develop both frequentist and Bayesian estimation procedures. Frequentist inference is based on the maximum likelihood estimator, from which we construct asymptotic and bootstrap confidence intervals. For the Bayesian analysis, we use squared error and linear exponential loss functions, obtaining estimates via the Tierney and Kadane approximation and a Metropolis-Hastings sampling algorithm. The performance of the estimators is evaluated through Monte Carlo simulations, which compare their bias and mean squared error. The results indicate that the Bayesian estimators are consistently more accurate than their frequentist counterparts. An analysis of two real datasets confirms the model’s practical utility for assessing system reliability in complex scenarios.

The feasibility of a complex intervention, a medical tattooing nurse-led clinic after breast cancer surgery: results from the ARCADE_M mixed-methods study

Pd─N ₄ Sites in MOFs Modulate Oxygen Reduction Pathways for 100% Selective Photocatalytic CO ₂ ‐to‐CH ₄ Conversion from Oxygenated Flue Gas

Abstract Direct photocatalytic CO 2 reduction in flue gas is significantly challenged by the thermodynamically favored oxygen reduction reaction. While conventional approaches showed promise, the inherent O 2 affinity of transition and noble metals prevented full suppression of O 2 adsorption and activation, severely constraining the multi‐step proton‐coupled electron transfers required for the CO 2 ‐to‐CH 4 pathway. We therefore envisioned a CO‐mediated oxygen scavenging mechanism by modulating oxygen reduction pathways. Via Pd─N 4 site engineering, the resulting Pd/Cu 3 (HITP) 2 /TiO 2 composite effectively suppressed competitive oxygen reduction reaction, enabling selective CO 2 ‐to‐CH 4 conversion under aerobic conditions. Control experiments and density functional theory calculations revealed that the Pd─N 4 sites steered oxygen reduction toward CO‐mediated pathways—thermodynamically and kinetically favored over conventional oxygen reduction reaction, thereby mitigating competitive effects and simultaneously purifying the product. Consequently, such composite exhibited complete CH 4 selectivity at 6.7 µmol g −1 h −1 under simulated industrial flue gas conditions (15 vol% CO 2 , 3 vol% O 2 , 5 vol% H 2 O, balanced N 2 ). Our work highlights catalytic site modulation and advances a new strategy for photocatalytic CO 2 reduction in oxygenated flue gas via pathway‐selective oxygen reduction.

Clinical features of hearing loss and genotype–phenotype correlations in Alport syndrome caused by COL4A4 or COL4A5 variants

Asymmetric Structure‐Induced d‐Orbital Splitting Boosts Highly Active and Stable Li–CO ₂ Batteries

Abstract Lithium‐carbon dioxide (Li‐CO 2 ) batteries provide an extremely feasible strategy for sustainable development and carbon neutrality. However, due to the sluggish kinetics and complex interfacial reactions, Li‐CO 2 batteries are limited by low output voltage and poor cycling stability. Developing efficient and durable catalysts remains an urgent challenge. Transition metal oxides have gained significant attention owing to their availability and stability for electrocatalytic reactions, but their catalytic activity remains unsatisfactory toward Li‐CO 2 batteries. Herein, this work proposes an asymmetric Fe/Cu‐incorporated Co 3 O 4 tactic system to tune charge distribution for motivating efficient electrocatalysis and decipher the mechanism of asymmetric structure modulation on the promotion of catalytic activity and stability. It is unraveled that d‐orbital spin splitting induces the modification of nondegenerate state, which enhances catalyst durability, while simultaneously increasing electron occupancy in d xz / yz orbitals. This higher electron occupancy facilitates the hybridization with the p orbitals of reactants and intermediates via π bonding, thereby strengthening the adsorption activity. In consequence, the Li‐CO 2 battery with Cu‐Co 3 O 4 cathode demonstrates a low overpotential of 0.73 V and high Coulombic efficiency of 96%, outperforming batteries with Co 3 O 4 and Fe‐Co 3 O 4 . This work offers a unique insight for electronic structure regulation strategy and displays a high‐performance catalyst for Li‐CO 2 batteries.

High-temperature strength and microstructural evolution of Ti-6Al-4V alloy fabricated by wire Arc additive manufacturing under elevated temperature

Miniature Photoenzyme Enables Organelle‐Specific Cellular Control via Deboronative Hydroxylation

Abstract Artificial photoenzymes hold transformative potential for in vitro biocatalysis, but their translation to live‐cell environments demands minimal cellular perturbation and aerobic compatibility. Here, we present miniSOG, a 12 kDa miniature photoenzyme that enables bioorthogonal deboronative hydroxylation via superoxide radical anion (O 2 •− ) generation under blue light irradiation. Leveraging the inherent photochemistry of flavins, miniSOG facilitates the photoactivation of 27 structurally diverse organoboronates—including aryl/alkyl boronates, fluorophores, anticancer agents, and epigenetic modulators—through a unified O 2 •− ‐mediated mechanism. This system achieves spatiotemporally precise photocatalysis in live cells, where miniSOG's compact size and subcellular targeting enable organelle‐specific localization and confined reactivity due to short‐range O 2 •− diffusion (∼0.2 µm). We demonstrate its utility in light‐gated cellular modulation: i) mitochondrial depolarization via localized release of 2,4‐dinitrophenol (DNP) to disrupt energy metabolism, and ii) nuclear m 6 A methylation enhancement to epigenetically upregulate autophagy. By repurposing miniSOG's photochemistry for bioorthogonal deboronative hydroxylation, this work establishes a versatile, genetically encoded platform for manipulating fundamental cellular pathways with minimal off‐target effects.

Numerical computation of the stochastic hepatitis B model using feed forward neural network and real data

Anion‐Enriched Solvation Engineering of Ester‐Based Electrolytes for Sodium Metal Batteries at −40 °C

Abstract Sodium metal batteries (SMBs) are recognized for their high theoretical capacity, abundant availability, and low electrochemical potential. However, the slow Na + de‐solvation kinetics and the poor solid electrolyte interface (SEI) of commercial electrolytes hinder their application at low temperatures. Herein, we propose a novel ultralow‐temperature, non‐flammable ester‐based electrolyte system incorporating trimethyl phosphate (TEP), which exhibits a low melting point, low viscosity, and low polarity. The results of theoretical calculations indicate that the addition of TEP significantly alters the proportions of aggregates (AGGs) solvated structures and reduces the de‐solvation energy barrier for sodium ions. Additionally, research on interface structure reveals that the increase in AGGs configurations promotes the formation of an inorganic‐rich SEI layer. Consequently, the TEP‐based electrolyte enables stable cycling for over 1500 h in symmetric cells at −40 °C, while achieving a capacity retention rate of 98.4% after 500 cycles at 0.5 C in Na||Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 full cells.

ELDGG: an end-to-end LiDAR-dynamic-guided GAN for hyperspectral image hierarchical reconstruction and classification

Abstract To address the prevalent issues in the classification of hyperspectral image (HSI) and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data fusion, such as insufficient dynamic adaptive interaction of cross-modal features, and difficulties in high-fidelity spatial detail reconstruction, this paper proposes an end-to-end LiDAR-dynamic-guided GAN for hyperspectral image hierarchical reconstruction and classification (ELDGG). The core framework of the network consists of a guided hierarchical reconstruction generator (GHR-Generator) and a perception-enhanced spectral regularization discriminator (PSR-Discriminator). First, we propose the cross-modal parameter-adaptive fusion module (CPAF-Module), which leverages the global context of LiDAR data to generate dynamic convolutional operators tailored for HSI features, addressing the limitations of static fusion methods. Second, to enhance the reconstruction quality of spatial details, we design the LiDAR-guided neural implicit field reconstruction unit (L-GNIF Unit). By learning a continuous mapping from coordinates to features, it achieves high-fidelity and artifact-free feature space reconstruction. Furthermore, we innovatively integrate spectral normalization constraints with a multi-level feature matching mechanism to construct the PSR-Discriminator. This discriminator provides more comprehensive perceptual signals across three scales: shallow textures, mid-level structures, and deep semantics. The entire framework is optimized through end-to-end training and a joint multi-task optimization loss function, ensuring that the generated fused features exhibit both authenticity and class discriminability. On this basis, we further design a spatial-spectral refinement classifier (SSR-Classifier) to accurately decode the deeply optimized feature maps, ultimately producing high-precision land cover classification results. Experiments demonstrate ELDGG’s superiority over state-of-the-art methods in both fusion quality and classification accuracy.

Effect of short dentin etching and water storage on bonding of resin composite to dentin with universal and two-step self-etch adhesive systems

Abstract To evaluate the effect of short dentin etching and 6-month water storage on the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of universal and two-step self-etch adhesives to dentin. Mid-coronal dentin specimens obtained from 56 third molars were assigned into two groups according to the adhesive type ( n  = 28); universal adhesive (Scotchbond Universal Plus Adhesive, 3 M Oral Care) and two-step self-etch adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray Noritake). Each group was further divided into two subgroups ( n  = 14) based on the application protocol: self-etch (SE) and etch-and-rinse with short dentin etching (E&amp;R/SDE) for 3 s. After bonding and composite application, half of the specimens were stored in 37 ± 1 °C distilled water for 24 h (immediate), while the other half were stored for 6 months (aged). Thereafter, specimens were cut into 1 mm² beams using a slow-speed diamond saw under copious water cooling. The beams were then subjected to a tensile force at a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min in a universal testing machine until failure occurred. The µTBS was then calculated in megapascals (MPa) by dividing the load at failure by the cross-sectional area of each beam. The values of five beams were averaged to obtain one µTBS value per tooth, and accordingly, data were analyzed using three-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD post-hoc tests ( p  &lt; 0.05). Failure modes were recorded. The application protocol and the storage time significantly influenced the µTBS results ( p  &lt; 0.001). Regarding the application protocol, E&amp;R/SDE for 3 s yielded significantly higher bond strength values than the SE for both adhesives ( p  &lt; 0.05). In terms of storage-time, all groups exhibited a statistically significant reduction in bond strength after 6-month water storage ( p  &lt; 0.05). On the contrary, no statistically significant difference was detected between the two adhesives irrespective of the application protocol or the storage time ( p  &gt; 0.05). The predominant failure mode observed for immediate groups was mixed failure, while adhesive failure was the most frequently noted after 6 months. Despite the beneficial effect of E&amp;R/SDE for 3 s in improving the bond strength of universal and 2-step self-etch adhesives to dentin, the 6-month water storage negatively affected the bonding performance of both adhesives. Clinical relevance: E&amp;R/SDE enhanced μTBS at both storage times and may contribute to better bond stability, although all groups exhibited degradation after 6-month water storage, which necessitates further clinical validation.