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Machine learning-assisted development of a fast Mechanochemical Johnson–Corey–Chaykovsky reaction
Efficiency-weighted cooling degree days reveal opposing temperature and humidity effects on energy demand
Distinct roles of the JADE and BRPF scaffolding subunits of the acetyltransferase HBO1 complex
Glycocholic acid inhibits TRIB3-ID1 axis to acelerate colitis progression via suppressing intestinal stem cell renewal
Single cell multiomics unravel the transcription networks controlling the different EMT tumor states
Colorectal cancer co-opts an epidermal wound healing program during metastasis to generate disseminated tumor cells
Abstract Metastasis is the principal cause of death from colorectal cancer (CRC), yet the cellular states that enable tumor dissemination remain poorly defined. Disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) are rare, transient, and clinically inaccessible, limiting mechanistic insight into their biology. Here we show that CRC cells transiently adopt a wound-healing program normally used by epidermal keratinocytes during tissue repair to enable metastatic dissemination. Using serial orthotopic transplantation of patient-derived organoids to model metastasis, we find that DTCs lose cancer stem cell features and instead express wound-inducible keratins, including KRT17, before metastatic outgrowth. This state is reversible, as cells reacquire primary tumor–like characteristics upon colonization of distant organs. Mechanistically, this transition is associated with reduced EZH2 activity and activation of YAP signaling. Clinically, KRT17⁺ cells localize to the invasive front of primary CRCs and are absent from adjacent normal tissue. These findings uncover unexpected lineage plasticity across distinct developmental origins and identify a transient, targetable state critical for metastatic progression.
Molecular imaging-guided discovery of a potent natural FAPα inhibitor for liver fibrosis therapy
Wafer-scale 2D MoS2 transistors with self-aligned angstrom gate length and nanometer channel length
A physics-informed foundation model for rapid high-fidelity structural response prediction
Chip-integrated metasurface-enabled single-photon skyrmion sources
Abstract Skyrmions, topologically stable field configurations, have recently emerged in classical optics as structured light for high-density data applications. Achieving controllable on-chip generation of single-photon skyrmions, while being highly desirable for quantum information technologies, remains challenging due to the nanoscale confinement of quantum emitters. Here we demonstrate a metasurface-integrated quantum emitter platform enabling room-temperature on-chip generation of single-photon skyrmions. Near-field coupling between quantum emitter and propitiously designed surface arrays of meta-atoms mediates spin-orbit interaction, transforming nanoscale-localized dipole emission into free-propagating topologically structured photonic modes. By exploiting this approach for structuring quantum emission from different color centers in nanodiamonds, we realize diverse skyrmionic states, including high-order anti-skyrmions and skyrmionium, and thereby demonstrate its universality across quantum emitters. Our work establishes a unified framework for on-chip structured quantum light sources, offering versatile control of high-dimensional topological states, such as skyrmions, and advancing scalable quantum photonic technologies.
Electrochemical C–N Bond Formation from CO <sub>2</sub> and Nitrate Using Molecular Catalysis
Predicting the compressive strength of sustainable concrete with recycled foundry sand using advanced soft computing methods
Fast and efficient geo-referencing for drone-based wildlife tracking
GATA1 silencing restrains granulosa cell ferroptosis through downregulation of TFRC in polycystic ovary syndrome
Impact of Antarctic radar on Southern Hemisphere atmospheric river reanalysis and forecast
Abstract Observational data sparsity in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean results in lower forecast skill for atmospheric circulation over the Southern Hemisphere (SH) than the Northern Hemisphere. Additional Antarctic radiosonde observations at existing observation stations can enhance accurate forecasting of severe events over the SH; however, the number of daily radiosonde observations is limited, owing to financial and operational limitations. Using a data assimilation system, this study investigates the impact of hourly wind profiles from the PANSY radar at the Japanese Antarctic Syowa Station. Assimilation of PANSY data leads to differences in the initial atmospheric conditions for weather forecasts, even including extra radiosonde observations from the Year of Polar Prediction in the Southern Hemisphere (YOPP-SH) campaign in 2022. These differences in initial atmospheric condition persist in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean. We show that Antarctic radar data with relatively high temporal resolution has an impact on the reproducibility of atmospheric basic state (wind speed, temperature and geopotential height) over the high latitudes and the prediction of atmospheric circulation and integrated water vapor associated with atmospheric rivers over the mid latitude in SH.
Novel imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-based α-glucosidase inhibitors: synthesis, biological evaluations, and computational studies
Abstract In an attempt to identify novel α‑glucosidase inhibitors, a new series of substituted imidazo[1,2‑a]pyridine derivatives (10a–10ab) was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their inhibitory activities. All compounds exhibited potent inhibition, with IC 50 values ranging from 12.01 to 93.01 µM, significantly better than acarbose IC 50 = 750.02 µM). SAR analysis highlighted the critical role of para‑substitution on the benzamide ring, especially methoxy groups. The most potent compound, 10s (IC 50 = 12.01 µM), acted as a competitive inhibitor (K i = 21 µM) with no α ‑amylase inhibition, indicating high selectivity. It was non‑cytotoxic up to 100 µM. Circular dichroism, fluorescence spectroscopy, and thermodynamic analysis revealed strong ligand–enzyme interactions mainly driven by hydrophobic forces. Molecular docking and 200 ns MD simulations, including MM‑GBSA calculations, supported stable binding of 10s within the active site. Collectively, these results introduce imidazo[1,2- a ]pyridine derivative 10s as a promising lead compound for the development of novel α-glucosidase inhibitors in further studies.
The impact of perioperative hydrogen gas inhalation on postoperative recovery in day surgery patients: a research study
Exposure route reverses the interactive toxicity of silver and silica nanoparticles in Daphnia magna for mixture risk assessment in aquatic environments
Abstract Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO₂NPs) are increasingly released into aquatic environments due to their widespread use in consumer and industrial products. These materials may co-occur in natural waters, raising concerns about their combined effects on freshwater organisms. This study investigated the chronic toxicity of AgNPs, ionic silver (Ag⁺), and SiO₂NPs, both individually and in binary mixtures, on Daphnia magna under waterborne and dietary exposure over 21 days. Organisms were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations, and multiple endpoints were assessed, including survival, body and tail length, molting frequency, egg development time, time to first brood, and total offspring production. Ag⁺ significantly delayed egg development and the onset of reproduction, confirming its strong reproductive toxicity. AgNPs caused the greatest reduction in body and tail length, indicating a dominant effect on growth. All treatments suppressed molting frequency, with no significant differences between exposure routes. Mortality patterns varied sharply depending on how the nanoparticles were delivered. Under waterborne conditions, the combination of Ag⁺ and SiO₂NPs resulted in the highest mortality, suggesting a synergistic interaction. In contrast, dietary exposure to the same mixture led to lower mortality and milder effects on growth and reproduction, indicating antagonistic dynamics. This study provides the first empirical evidence that the exposure route can fundamentally reverse the interactive toxicity (synergistic vs. antagonistic) of nanomaterial mixtures, a paradigm-shifting insight for environmental risk assessment. Total offspring production declined across all treatments. These findings show that nanoparticle toxicity depends not only on particle type and concentration but also on the route of exposure. Evaluating both pathways is essential for understanding ecological risks and designing realistic environmental assessments.
Adaptive low-rank variational quantum algorithm for simulating dissipative dynamics in photosynthetic complexes
Abstract Simulating open quantum system dynamics via exact density-matrix propagation faces exponential complexity, scaling as $$\mathcal{O}(4^n)$$ and becoming intractable beyond approximately 15 chromophores on classical hardware—despite specialised approaches such as the Hierarchy Of Pure States (HOPS), Meso-HOPS, and multi-Davydov variational methods having extended tractability for specific regimes. We develop an adaptive low-rank variational quantum algorithm (LR-VQA) achieving polynomial scaling $$\mathcal{O}(n^{2.5}Rd)$$ through singular value decomposition-based tensor compression and dissipation-engineered cost functions, providing a quantum-hardware-compatible framework complementary to existing classical techniques. Benchmarking on Fenna–Matthews–Olson (FMO) complexes spanning 5–12 chromophores yields mean fidelities 0.87–0.95 across 50 independent trials with 95 % confidence intervals below 0.001, validated by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) ( $$p<0.05$$ ). Noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) device viability is demonstrated through realistic simulations using IBM Heron noise specifications, achieving fidelity $$0.932\pm 0.001$$ for the 7-site complex. Comparative scaling analysis reveals a computational crossover at $$N=14$$ chromophores, beyond which LR-VQA provides the sole quantum-hardware-compatible tractable simulation pathway while exact density-matrix methods become computationally prohibitive. Agreement with experimental energy transfer timescales within 3 % validates physical accuracy. A complete open-source implementation achieves sub-90-second runtimes. This framework opens a pathway toward quantum advantage in quantum biology with natural extensions to non-Markovian dynamics and experimental photosynthetic antenna systems containing 50–300 chromophores.