Browse Articles

Analytical solitons, phase-space dynamics, and stability analysis in Katugampola fractional nonlinear telegraph equation

Differential evaluation of multi-scale ecological security pattern construction based on MSPA model—a case study of the Lijiang River Basin in China

DFT investigation of CO₂ activation and carbon trapping at Ni/Al₂O₃ interfaces in dry reforming of methane

Engineering NIR Probes to Enhance Affinity and Clinical Workflow Compatibility for Prostate Cancer Imaging

Abstract Positive surgical margins following radical prostatectomy increase the risk of biochemical recurrence and subsequent disease progression. Fluorescence‐guided surgery (FGS) using targeted contrast agents has shown clinical benefits for several cancer types. However, current prostate cancer targeted imaging probes exhibit long pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles, necessitating extended waiting periods or repeated hospital visits, limiting their integration into standard clinical workflow. To overcome this critical clinical compatibility challenge, we developed an innovative tri‐compartment, chemistry‐driven probe design strategy. Specifically, we developed a congeneric library of near infrared (NIR) water soluble fluorescent probes incorporating: 1) a glutamic acid‐urea‐lysine (EuK) ligand targeting prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA); 2) a NIR heptamethine cyanine fluorophore optimized for enhanced PSMA binding via secondary binding site interactions; and 3) distinct PK modulators residing outside the PSMA binding pocket to promote rapid off‐target tissue clearance. While molecular docking scores, photophysical properties and live‐cell staining results showed similar overall performance, probes bearing PK modulators produced stronger tumor‐specific fluorescence and accumulation in vivo than the control probe lacking a PK modulator. This effort enabled identification of a lead probe with robust tumor targeting and accelerated off‐target clearance, providing optimal tumor‐specific signal and contrast in a timeframe, fully compatible with robotic‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) timelines.

Opposite Effects of Alpha Oscillations on Mind-wandering With Eyes Open and Closed

Spontaneous fluctuations in brain activity are thought to underlie mind-wandering, moments when mental experience becomes unrelated to what one is currently doing. A large body of research has investigated ongoing neural oscillations in the alpha band (7-14 Hz), reflecting changes in arousal and attention. However, studies disagree whether the power of alpha oscillations increases or decreases during mind-wandering compared to on-task focus. We hypothesized that these opposite effects arise from differences in eye state across studies, as eye closure increases alpha power and can reverse alpha’s relationship with sleepiness, which is itself related to mind-wandering. To test this, we recorded EEG while male and female participants with eyes either open or closed were probed to report whether they were focused on the auditory attention task or mind-wandering, and how alert or sleepy they were. Consistent with our hypothesis, we found that increased alpha power was more likely to precede mind-wandering and sleepiness in the eyes-open group but less likely in the eyes-closed group. A systematic literature review largely replicated these opposite relationships across eye states in different paradigms. We propose that these results reflect an inverted-U relationship between alpha power and mind-wandering, formed by a positive relationship at low alpha power values typical of eyes-open states and a negative relationship at high alpha power values typical of eyes-closed states. By sampling alpha power across eye states in the same paradigm, this work reconciles contradictions in prior literature and clarifies how ongoing neural oscillations reflect the stream of mental experiences. Significance Statement Brain signals tracked with electroencephalography (EEG) can provide a read-out of a person’s current mental experience. Increases in a brain signal called alpha oscillations usually indicate sleepiness when recorded with eyes open. Surprisingly, the read-out can be reversed when eyes are closed: increases in alpha oscillations indicate alertness. Here, we found that this reversal explains the puzzling relationship between alpha oscillations and mind-wandering, when mental experience becomes unrelated to the task-at-hand. In moments of increased alpha, participants with eyes open reported more mind-wandering and sleepiness, whereas participants with eyes closed reported more on-task focus and alertness. One intriguing possibility is that decreases in arousal reflected by changes in alpha oscillations trigger episodes of mind-wandering.

Developing a prognostic signature with cancer-associated fibroblasts for predicting the prognosis and immune landscape of prostate cancer

Patient characteristics associated with caregiver satisfaction in emergency department-based hospice transitions

3D pore pressure prediction in the offshore Nile Delta, prestack inversion based workflow for drilling optimization and risk mitigation

Abstract The offshore Nile delta basin, which is considered as one of the world’s high-pressure basins, is where the study develops the geopressured cube in 3D for the sapphire field. The key phase in the pressure prediction process is thought to be the interval velocity. In this study, we aim to use high-quality seismic data to estimate the shear and acoustic impedance volumes from the seismic pre-stack inversion technique. These cubes are then transformed into a high-resolution 3D interval velocity cube, which act as the initial and crucial input for the pressure estimation. Using four wells for model building and one for model evaluation, the workflow generated complete 3D cubes for overburden, effective stress, and formation pressure using the pre-stack inversion velocity. Optimizing the Eaton and Bowers equations parameter to be valid in the offshore Nile delta rather than the standard parameter from the Gulf of Mexico. it is considered One of the paper’s novelties. There is a high correlation between the pressure calculated from the logging while drilling (LWD) at the rig site and the formation pressure derived from the workflow. The technique shows a novel method for use in the well-planning and exploratory stages.

Assessment of the water-energy-food system and its coordination level in China’s major grain production areas

Chlorine‐Free Depolymerization of Commercial PMMA via Oxygen‐Centered Radicals

ABSTRACT Mid‐chain depolymerization enables chemical recycling of conventional plastics with carbon–carbon backbones into high‐purity monomers under mild conditions and without any weak bonds typically installed by controlled radical polymerization. However, current reports of mid‐chain depolymerization either suffer from poor reaction yields or rely on an excess of chlorinated solvents to generate only a small fraction of chlorinated radicals with corrosive byproducts. Herein, we introduce a chlorine‐free photothermal mid‐chain depolymerization methodology, which proceeds through a distinct oxygen‐centered radical pathway. In the presence of ppm concentrations of anthraquinone, an efficient photocatalyst, up to 97% monomer can be successfully regenerated, while varying the catalyst loading allows the depolymerization rate to be modulated on demand. Notably, a wide range of commercial materials, such as Plexiglas, acrylic tubes, and light guide plates, can undergo efficient depolymerization, while temporal control could also be demonstrated via iterative “on/off” cycles.

Correction: Epimedin C attenuates airway inflammation and remodeling in Asthma by intervening M2 macrophage polarization via modulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway

F‐Center‐Mediated Valence Engineering of Europium in Fluoride Nanoscintillators Toward Diverse Optical Sensing

ABSTRACT Lanthanide‐doped fluoride nanoscintillators (NSs) are promising candidates for x‐ray imaging, owing to their high environmental stability, controllable nanostructures, and tunable multicolor emissions. However, their performance is typically limited by the intrinsically low radiative efficiency of parity‐forbidden 4f–4f transitions in trivalent lanthanide activators, and effective strategies for controlling lanthanide valence in fluoride NSs remain elusive. Here, an F‐center‐mediated valence engineering strategy is developed to enable the controlled transformation of Eu 3+ to Eu 2+ in fluoride NSs. Density functional theory calculations reveal that Eu 2+ is thermodynamically more stable in mixed‐anion hosts (SrFCl and SrFBr) than in SrF 2 . During the anion‐exchange process from SrF 2 seeds, a high density of F‐centers is generated, which act as electron reservoirs to drive the reduction of Eu 3+ to Eu 2+ . As a result, SrF 2 :Eu exhibits only Eu 3+ emission, SrFCl:Eu shows coexisting Eu 2+ /Eu 3+ emissions, and SrFBr:Eu displays dominant Eu 2+ emission with significantly enhanced scintillation intensity. This valence tunability not only improves x‐ray imaging performance but also enables ratiometric temperature sensing based on dual‐emission characteristics. This work establishes a general F‐center‐mediated strategy for lanthanide valence control, providing new opportunities for designing high‐performance NSs toward diverse optical sensing applications.

Essential resources for curated immune markers and antibody panels in cytometry analysis

One Molecular Platform, Three Distinct Narrowband Organoboron TADF Emitters: A Divergent One‐Pot Strategy From Green to Red

ABSTRACT Multi‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) emitters enable narrowband electroluminescence with exceptional color purity in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, extending emission to longer wavelengths, particularly into the red region, while preserving spectral sharpness remains challenging. Here, we report a divergent one‐pot borylation strategy that transforms a single 5,11‐dihydroindolo[3,2‐ b ]carbazole platform into three structurally distinct organoboron MR‐TADF emitters spanning green to red. This approach harnesses competing mono‐ and double‐borylation pathways that coexist under the reaction conditions to generate multiple emitters in a single operation. The resulting MR‐TADF emitters ( BN‐G , BN‐Y , and BN‐R ) exhibit ultranarrow green, yellow, and red photoluminescence with full widths at half maximum below 25 nm and near‐unity quantum yields (96%–100%) in doped films. OLEDs based on these emitters achieve maximum external quantum efficiencies of up to 35.3%, with emission maxima spanning 516–601 nm. This study establishes a unified design strategy for generating multiple high‐performance MR‐TADF emitters from a single precursor, providing a versatile platform for the development of color‐tunable narrowband optoelectronic materials.

Synergy and reciprocity between Brillouin and Mie scattering by the presence of silver nanoparticles in the stimulated Brillouin scattering cell

Ancillary Ligand‐Controlled Dinitrogen Cleavage and Transformation at Titanium Centers

ABSTRACT The activation and transformation of dinitrogen (N 2 ) represents a significant scientific challenge. In particular, while metal nitrides are pivotal intermediates, achieving N─N bond cleavage with 3d metals such as titanium remains scarce. Here we report unprecedented ancillary ligand control over the N 2 activation pathway in PCP‐ligated (PCP = 2,6‐( t Bu 2 PCH 2 ) 2 ‐C 6 H 3 ) titanium complexes upon reduction, wherein aryloxide or diarylamide groups facilitate complete N─N bond scission to dititanium bis( μ ‐nitrido) complexes, whereas the phenyl analogue leads to C─P bond activation of the pincer. Computational studies suggest that heteroatom‐mediated interactions with K + ions in the secondary coordination sphere facilitate isomerization of the N 2 bridge from end‐on to side‐on, thereby promoting N─N bond rupture. Moreover, these complexes catalyze the silylation of N 2 , producing up to 22.0 equiv. of N(SiMe 3 ) 3 , representing the highest turnover number (TON) for Group IV metal systems to date. These findings highlight the role of ligand environment in N 2 activation and provide new insights into the design of efficient early‐metal catalysts for nitrogen fixation.

Time-course evaluation of irreversible electroporation, bleomycin electrochemotherapy, and IRE–bleomycin therapy in a rabbit VX2 liver model using a high-voltage generator

Engineering Frustrated Packing of Porous Organic Cages for Precision Acetylene–Ethylene Separation

ABSTRACT Porous organic cages (POCs) are emerging porous molecular materials with their tunable porosity and solution processability. Beyond the intrinsic pores within individual cage molecules, extrinsic pores generated by intermolecular packing play a critical role in defining the porosity and separation performance of POCs. These packing‐derived pores can connect discrete cage cavities, impose size‐selective constraints, and create tailored adsorption microenvironments. However, their systematic design and utilization remain underdeveloped, as current synthetic and post‐synthetic modification strategies largely focus on intrinsic‐pore engineering. In this study, we report an extrinsic pores engineering strategy based on the structural modification of tetrazine‐based POCs. By tuning cage shape and peripheral steric hindrance, we precisely modulate frustrated packing to achieve highly selective acetylene uptake. The optimized cage, m ‐4N‐cage , exhibits excellent acetylene/ethylene separation performance in adsorption and breakthrough experiments, comparable to that of the best‐performing porous molecular organic materials. In situ single‐crystal diffraction analysis reveals that acetylene molecules are selectively adsorbed within the tailored extrinsic pores. This work highlights extrinsic pores as a tunable design element for targeted separations and establishes as a model platform for controlling frustrated packing in molecular crystal engineering.

Cross-GNN: a cross-network embedding framework for link prediction based graph neural networks

An Enzymatic Platform for Late‐Stage (Radio)isotope Labelling of Oligonucleotides With Methyltransferases

ABSTRACT The development of therapeutic nucleic acids has become a cornerstone of modern drug discovery. To support the clinical translation of these modalities, radiolabelled analogues are vital for absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) studies, particularly for quantitative whole‐body autoradiography (QWBA). Access to such radio probes is limited because established methods for the preparation of 3 H‐labelled oligonucleotides are characterised by high costs, extensive lead times, low specific activity and the generation of substantial radioactive waste. To address these limitations, we developed a biocatalytic platform for late‐stage 3 H‐radiolabelling of oligonucleotides using methyltransferases, reducing precursor costs and radioactive waste by orders of magnitude. We demonstrate that DNA‐cytosine‐5‐methyltransferases can methylate oligonucleotides with high regioselectivity at a preparative scale, yielding stable‐ and radioisotope‐labelled ( 2 H and 3 H) samples with an unprecedented molar activity up to 3 TBq mmol −1 (81 Ci mmol −1 ). In view of the precision and efficiency of methyltransferase‐mediated radiolabelling, we anticipate that similar approaches will facilitate QWBA studies with other drug modalities.