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Quality assessment reporting checklists for microsimulation models: A scoping review protocol
Background Microsimulation models are computer-based models that can be used to understand how economic agents behave in different situations. These models are used by governments to help them make decisions. However, it is important these models are well built and produce useful information. Reporting checklists can help guide researchers confirm that all the necessary elements are included in a model. There are currently no formal reporting checklists to evaluate the quality of microsimulation models. This protocol aims to describe a scoping review, which will retrieve and synthesise the literature on any existing quality assessment checklists for microsimulation models and/or any literature that provides best practices, guidelines, and/or recommendations around which elements should be included. Methods We will undertake a scoping review followed the PRISMA guidelines for Scoping Reviews. We will search MEDLINE, Embase, EconLit, and Web of Science, with an update closer to the time of manuscript submission. In addition, where relevant, we will undertake Google searches and searches on specific journals (e.g., International Journal of Microsimulation) and websites (e.g., https://www.microsimulation.ac.uk/ ) to complement the database searches. We will extract relevant data on quality dimensions and use a narrative synthesis to describe the recommendations. Discussion There are no formal checklists to assess the quality of microsimulation models. Moreover, no scoping reviews have been undertaken on this topic. This work will synthesise any existing recommendations regarding the development of robust microsimulation models. A validated quality assessment reporting checklist will be the first of its kind and thus, fill an important gap in the literature.
Graphene-based thermal interface materials with high through-plane thermal conductivity inspired by Baumkuchen
To enhance the thermal management capabilities of epoxy composite, inspired by Baumkuchen, a simple, scalable, and environmentally friendly process was proposed. The graphene strips, without any chemical modification, were integrated into assembled graphene paper, and the vertically aligned graphene strips/epoxy composite with the tree-ring structure was prepared by the rolling cutting method. The composite exhibited an extremely high through-plane thermal conductivity of 49.2 W/mK, which was 289 times higher than that of pure EP. Additionally, the composite also possesses a range of desirable properties, including good electromagnetic interference shielding, efficient Joule heating, and remarkable mechanical performance. These properties further expand the application of graphene-based thermal interface materials in the field of thermal management of electronic devices.
Federated spatial-temporal traffic forecasting with VMD-enhanced graph attention and LSTM
Extending the Temperature and Time Operating Windows of CsPbI <sub>3</sub> Quantum Dots for Scalable Synthesis for LEDs
ABSTRACT Large‐scale manufacturing of CsPbI 3 quantum dots (QDs) is hindered by narrow thermal and temporal operating windows, where slight deviations in temperature or reaction time can induce size de‐focusing via Ostwald ripening and α‐to‐δ phase transformation, leading to performance loss and poor reproducibility. Here we demonstrate that phenylphosphonic acid (PPA), with its strong chelating capability and moderate acidity, creates a synergistic effect between robust coordination and etching, resulting in colloidal system stabilization and effective removal of overgrown particles, thereby extending the synthesis window for CsPbI 3 QDs in hot‐injection. As a result, the synthesis window is extended from less than 30 min to over 8 h without phase transition, and increases the temperature tolerance. The PPA‐stabilized QDs exhibit low Urbach energy (28.2 meV), high photoluminescence quantum yield (99.8%), and narrow emission bandwidth (34.5 nm) at 667 nm, indicating minimal defects. In light‐emitting devices, large‐scale synthesized QDs have a peak external quantum efficiency of 30.7%, showing the possibility of scaling up optoelectronic devices. By converting a fragile synthesis into a forgiving process window, the synergistic strategy for etch and strong bonding advances the industrial viability of red perovskite QD inks and devices.
Maritime traffic congestion identification and ship trajectory prediction using temporal graph convolutional networks
With the rapid growth of global maritime trade, the efficient and safe management of maritime traffic has become increasingly critical. This study proposes a comprehensive framework for ship trajectory prediction and maritime traffic congestion identification based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) data. We integrate spatiotemporal analysis with deep learning techniques, specifically combining Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN) and Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) to form a Temporal Graph Convolutional Network (T-GCN) model. This model effectively captures both spatial dependencies among ships and temporal dynamics in traffic flow. Furthermore, we introduce a congestion measurement indicator based on the Speed Performance Index (SPI) to quantify and identify congestion levels in maritime routes. The proposed method not only enhances the accuracy of ship trajectory prediction but also enables proactive congestion warnings, contributing to improved maritime safety and operational efficiency. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in real-world scenarios.
A dual-functional additive for crystallization regulated and defect passivated stable inverted perovskite solar cells
The main problems holding back inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are poor crystal formation and too many defects inside the perovskite layer. We address both issues by introducing 4-aminobutylphosphonic acid, which effectively releases residual tensile stress and passivates film defects, leading to enhanced efficiency and stability. We report 4-aminobutylphosphonic acid as a multifunctional additive where the phosphonic acid (–PO3H2) and amine (–NH2) groups coordinatively passivate undercoordinated Pb2+ and I− vacancies, as supported by GIXRD measurements showing 64% reduction in residual tensile stress, and time-resolved photoluminescence shows enhanced carrier lifetime. The optimized devices achieve a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.1% and retain 85% of its initial PCEs after 840 h under 1-sun illumination at 65 °C. This molecular engineering approach provides a facile route to concurrently boost efficiency and stability in inverted PSCs.
Distribution law and control of the second invariant of deviatoric stress in gob-side entry retaining
Symptom improvement in adenomyosis patients after ultrasound guided microwave ablation or uterine artery embolization, A randomized controlled pilot study
Introduction The objective of this study was to investigate alleviation of adenomyosis symptoms after microwave ablation (MWA) and uterine artery embolization (UAE) in a small pilot study. Material and methods 20 premenopausal women with symptomatic adenomyosis were included at Danderyd Hospital, Sweden, from June 2020 to February 2023. Patients were randomized to MWA or UAE. The primary outcome was symptom severity score (SSS) at 6 months post treatment evaluated through the UFS-QoL questionnaire. The secondary outcomes were comparison of: health related quality of life (HR-QoL/UFS-QoL), Pictorial Bleeding Assessment Chart (PBAC), dysmenorrhea on a numerical rating scale (NRS), uterine volume, hemoglobin, Ca-125, prolactin and Anti Müllerian hormone (AMH), duration of hospitalization, use of pain medication and acceptability. As exploratory outcomes, we evaluated postoperative pain and return to daily activities. Clinical trials number NCT04209127. Results There was no significant difference in primary outcome between the groups: SSS decreased within the MWA group from 69 to 44 (p=0.007), and within the UAE group from 88 to 47 (p=0.067). Quality of life increased significantly in the MWA group from 27 to 79 (p=0.002) and in the UAE group from 13 to 67 (p=0.013). Dysmenorrhea decreased in both groups; NRS from 6 to 1 (p=0.008) in the MWA group and from 9 to 4 (p=0.02) in the UAE group. The MWA group had significantly shorter hospitalization (0 days vs 3, p=0.004), and quicker return to daily activities (3 days vs 14, p=0.005), compared to the UAE group. No serious adverse events occurred. Conclusion In this small pilot trial, we had low power to detect differences between groups. Both treatments resulted in a significant decrease of symptoms related to adenomyosis. Postoperative recovery seems superior after MWA, in line with previous trials. Further investigations regarding MWA for adenomyosis are needed.
Photo-induced anomalous Hall effect in Co/WS2 bilayer
We report the observation of a photo-induced anomalous Hall effect in a ferromagnetic (FM) cobalt (Co)/tungsten disulfide (WS2) Schottky heterostructure. Unlike previously reported transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs)-based devices that rely on circularly polarized light or external polarization fields, our FM/TMDC interface generates a transverse Hall voltage under unpolarized illumination, eliminating the need for complex optical configurations. Upon illumination, photocarriers created in the WS2 layer diffuse into the FM Co layer and experience a Lorentz force under an in-plane magnetic field, producing a transverse open-circuit voltage. The voltage scales linearly with optical power but exhibits a nonlinear, hysteretic dependence on magnetic-field strength, reflecting spin-dependent scattering in the FM Co layer. The photo-induced voltage reproduces the magneto-optical Kerr hysteresis loop, enabling reconstruction of in-plane magnetic hysteresis using only optical excitation and two electrical contacts. These findings introduce a simple and efficient platform for optical and magnetic sensing based on FM/TMDC Schottky interfaces.
Selection of emergency logistics facility locations considering major natural disasters in mountainous cities based on GIS-MCDM
Continuous Evolution of Calmodulin for High‐Purity Separation of Rare Earth Elements
ABSTRACT The grand challenge of separating critical rare earth elements (REEs) stems from their similar physicochemical properties, requiring complex process flow‐sheets to achieve high‐purity products. Protein‐based strategies offer selective and sustainable alternatives to conventional separation processes. While native proteins have been identified for REE processing, protein engineering to enhance the separation of REE mixtures remains constrained by low‐throughput methods that limit the exploration of amino acids beyond the metal coordination sphere. Here, we developed a selection circuit based on a lanthanide‐mediated protein‐protein interaction for phage‐assisted continuous evolution (PACE). This system rapidly selected an evolving calmodulin‐derived peptide library, yielding a dominant sequence within days. Molecular dynamics simulations of the evolved protein suggest a restructured hydrogen‐bond network, which enhances second‐shell ion coordination and protein packing. These changes improved binding affinity and thermal stability, enabling single‐stage, chelator‐free, high‐purity separations of individual REEs. This high‐throughput approach can be readily extended to evolve other critical metal‐binding proteins.
Does support for the legal right to an abortion differ across generations in the United States?
The Supreme Court’s ruling in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization (2022) has reinvigorated interest in public opinion regarding abortion rights. Recent cross-sections of polling data reveal that young adults are strongly pro-choice and markedly more pro-choice than older adults—with accompanying commentary frequently reporting on the especially pro-choice attitudes of Generation Z and the prospect of the Court’s ruling becoming starkly counter-majoritarian. However, analysis of a single cross-section cannot distinguish differences between generations from differences between younger and older respondents . We examine the generational differences hypothesis carefully. Do data support the claim that attitudes toward the right to an abortion vary across generations? Analyzing five decades of General Social Survey (GSS) data, we use Bayesian hierarchical models to estimate the differences in respondents’ attitudes toward the legal right to an abortion in the United States across ages, survey years, and generations (specifically, the Silent Generation, Baby Boomers, Generation X, Millennials, and Generation Z). We find large differences in attitudes across ages and especially survey years, but only small differences across these generations. Beginning at about the age of 40, Americans have followed a consistent trajectory of increasingly conservative abortion attitudes. Finally, the large differences across survey years indicate that American public opinion toward abortion is malleable in the near term—with the data revealing contemporaneous, directional shifts in attitudes across society.
Irradiation driven magnetism enhancement in Y-doped HfO2 films
HfO2-based ferroelectric films are regarded as core materials for next-generation nonvolatile memories and spintronics owing to their CMOS compatibility and exceptional ferroelectricity. Yet, the minute energy differences between polymorphs and the intricate defect–structure coupling have impeded precise, quantitative control of their ferroelectric and magnetic properties. Here, we introduce a non-equilibrium γ-ray irradiation strategy to modulate the magnetic response of 7% Y-doped epitaxial HfO2 thin films. Correlated structural, spectroscopic, and magnetic analyses reveal a nonlinear correlation between oxygen vacancies and lattice distortions. At an intermediate dose of 260 Gy, cooperative compressive strain and engineered vacancies boost out-of-plane saturation magnetization by 480%. Conversely, at 4800 Gy, excessive defect accumulation drives structural degradation and suppresses magnetism. X-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscopy jointly track the evolution of defect and lattice structure, elucidating a dose-dependent crossover from defect-driven magnetism enhancement to quenching governed by competitive defect–structure interactions. The work establishes a dose-defect-magnetism framework and provides a route toward magneto-electric cooperative control of wide-bandgap oxides for spintronic applications.
Accelerating the learning process of deep reinforcement learning algorithms in distribution network reconfiguration using an innovative replay method
Phase Separation of Nucleic Acids: Mechanisms, Properties, and Applications
Abstract Nucleic acids are essential biological macromolecules bearing genetic information and playing important roles in post‐transcriptional regulation. Given their high programmability based on Watson–Crick–Franklin base‐pairing interactions, synthetic DNA and RNA oligonucleotides have become versatile building blocks for programmable assembly of nanostructures, nanomachines, and macroscopic materials. Recent discoveries have shown that long‐chain nucleic acids can undergo temperature‐induced phase separation, enabling rapid and facile formation of micro‐sized, nucleic acid‐rich condensates. Unlike conventional DNA/RNA nanotechnology, which relies primarily on base‐pairing interactions, phase separation leverages the intrinsic polymeric nature of nucleic acids. While it expands the scope of DNA/RNA nanotechnology for new applications, nucleic acid phase separation also provides a fresh perspective for how compartmentalization may have emerged in the prebiotic RNA world during the origin of life. In this Minireview, we discuss the current mechanistic understanding of temperature‐induced phase separation of synthetic long‐chain DNA and RNA in vitro, in the absence of complex coacervation with proteins and polymers. We highlight strategies for controlling the physical and chemical properties of DNA condensates and review the progress and advances in developing them for various applications.
Correction: Estimation of cervicocephalic kinesthetic perception and its correlation with fall risk in adults with diabetes and without diabetes experiencing cervical pain: A comparative study
Optoelectronic synapse based on a BiI3/Bi2Se3 van der Waals heterostructure for neuromorphic visions
In this paper, we demonstrate a fully optical neuromorphic vision sensor based on a BiI3/Bi2Se3 van der Waals heterostructure grown by sequential vapor deposition. High-quality vdW epitaxy produces strongly c axis-oriented BiI3 on Bi2Se3, forming a type-I band alignment and interfacial charge accumulation layer. This architecture suppresses dark current by one order of magnitude compared with pristine Bi2Se3 while generating intense persistent photoconductivity across visible-to-near-infrared wavelengths, an intrinsic, gate-free nonvolatile memory effect that directly enables synaptic plasticity. Using only optical pulses, a single two-terminal device faithfully emulates paired-pulse facilitation, short- to long-term plasticity transition, wavelength- and timing-dependent axon-multi-synapse integration, and frequency-dependent image memorization with controllable forgetting. These results establish the BiI3/Bi2Se3 heterostructure as a promising platform for broadband neuromorphic vision.
Application of quick group search optimizer with passive congregation algorithm in cable force optimization of completed bridge of cable-stayed bridge
Aggregation‐Induced Upconversion Luminescence of Ultra‐High‐Brightness Lanthanide Organic Cages X‐ray Scintillators
ABSTRACT In this work, aggregation‐induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) were used as ligand to achieve the first aggregation‐enhanced ligand triplet‐mediated cooperative sensitized upconversion luminescence (UCL), which greatly enhanced the UCL of a series of lanthanide organic cages in non‐deuterated solvent systems and aqueous solutions. The UCL intensities of the Yb 2 Eu 2 (L) 4 (Phen) 4 and Yb 2 Eu 2 (L) 4 ( S ‐BI) 4 increased by up to 3.6 and 14.3 times, respectively, compared with those of the molecular states, and their quantum yields increased by up to 3.8 and 19.2 times, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first time that molecular UCL of lanthanide organic cages with precise structures in aqueous solutions has been achieved. The aggregation‐enhanced antenna effect of AIEgen in aqueous solution significantly enhances the luminescence of lanthanide organic cages and promotes their specific targeting to lipid droplets optical imaging. The synergistic effect of coordination‐induced emission and antenna effect, the Eu 4 (L) 4 ( S ‐BI) 4 scintillator exhibits a high light yield of up to 20241 photo/MeV, an ultra‐low detection limit of 27.2 nGy/s, which is 202 times lower than the clinical standard (5.5 µGy/s), and a radiation stability cycle of 96.8%, achieving low‐dose X‐ray imaging. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the lanthanide organic cage has been extended to targeted imaging of lipid droplets and X‐ray scintillator imaging, opening a new era for the application of lanthanide complex emitters in high‐resolution imaging.