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Enhancing film bulk acoustic resonators performance by optimizing AlN seed layer crystallinity and polarity alignment
Mechanical performance of sutures exposed to natural extract-based mouthwashes
Subjective nature of path information in quantum mechanics
Abstract Common sense suggests that a particle must have a definite origin if its full path information is available. In quantum mechanics, the knowledge of path information is captured through the well-established duality relation between path distinguishability and interference visibility. If visibility is zero, high path distinguishability can be achieved, which enables one to determine with high predictive power where the particle originates. We investigate the complementarity between path information and interference visibility through an experiment involving three sources emitting into identical modes. Our findings challenge the classical intuition that a particle can be traced back to its origin through its trajectory when full path information is available. By grouping the crystals in different ways, we demonstrate that it is impossible to ascribe a definite physical origin to the photon pair, even if the emission probability of one individual source is zero and full path information is available. Our results shed new light on the physical interpretation of probability assignment and path information beyond its mathematical meaning and show that the interpretation of path information in quantum mechanics is subjective.
Bacterial nanocellulose films functionalized with Janus nanoparticles: Preparation and application in chicken meat preservation and safety
Abstract Janus nanoparticles (JPs) were prepared from hydrophobic carbon dots and carboxymethylcellulose via an ex-situ method, and incorporated into bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) films at concentrations of 0.01%, 0.02%, and 0.03%. Cytotoxicity test revealed a toxic effect of JPs on human gastric cancer cells only at concentrations above 5 mg/mL. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the successful incorporation of JPs without interfering with BNC network. JPs incorporation reduced the tensile strength and elongation at break of the films but improved the radical scavenging activity of BNC in a concentration-dependent manner. The diameters of inhibition zones for BNC films containing 0.01%, 0.02%, and 0.03% JPs against Salmonella Typhimurium were 17.1 mm, 20.7 mm, and 27.5 mm, respectively. Upon application to chicken breast meat, all treated samples exhibited an inhibitory effect on S . Typhimurium, as indicated by the absence of detectable levels on day 16. For BNC-JPs samples, a notable decrease in mesophilic bacterial counts was observed, representing reductions of 3.2, 4.6, and 5.6 log₁₀ CFU/g at JP 0.01%, 0.02%, and 0.03%, respectively. The BNC-JPs-treated samples also had lower volatile nitrogenous compounds and lipid oxidation levels. These findings highlight the potential of BNC-JPs films as green, active food packaging materials with commercial potential.
Inhibition of stress resilience and adult hippocampal neurogenesis by platelet-derived LPA16:0 in anxiety
Physicochemical characterization of banana pseudostem, peduncle, and leaf-derived microcrystalline cellulose as directly compressible excipients
Hierarchical picot-fiber hydrogel coating with ultralow friction and high wear resistance
Smart IoT thermal imaging approach for early identification of Red Palm Weevil (RPW) infestation on palms
Topological mechanical metamaterial for robust and ductile one-way fracturing
Real-world performance of an AI system for diabetic retinopathy screening
Author Correction: Operando microimaging of crystal structure and orientation in all components of all-solid-state-batteries
Comparison of noninvasive pressure-volume loops derived from cardiac magnetic resonance and transthoracic echocardiography in normal subjects
Microbiota-derived IPA protects against colitis by regulating intestinal HMGCS2-mediated ketogenesis to facilitate mucosal healing
Hyperparameter optimization to enhance the performance of deep learning models for the early detection of invasive turtles in Korea
Abstract Invasive freshwater turtles are major drivers of biodiversity loss, underscoring the importance of early detection and management. However, it is challenging for experts to manually monitor a broad geographic area, necessitating support tools. Deep learning-based object detection models have displayed high performance in automating wildlife monitoring tasks. Furthermore, hyperparameter optimization, including optimizer selection and hyperparameter tuning, might further enhance performance by optimizing training settings to the dataset. In this study, an optimized model was developed to apply hyperparameter optimization to detect and classify six invasive turtle species in Korea from images. The optimized model was compared to a default model trained using the default optimizer and hyperparameters. The optimized model outperformed the default model, as indicated by the evaluations of mean average precision using a fixed intersection over union threshold of 0.5 (0.973 vs. 0.959) and a range of thresholds ranging from 0.5 to 0.95 (0.841 vs. 0.815). The classification accuracy of the optimized model reached 92.7%, exceeding that of the default model (89.9%). These findings highlight the utility of hyperparameter optimization and suggest that the proposed approach can support the early detection of invasive turtles, thereby enhancing to invasive species management.
Enhanced sodium storage in hard carbon via solvent co-intercalation electrolyte enabling Ah-level pouch cells at low temperatures
Abstract Sodium ion batteries are attracting extensive interest due to their low cost and abundant sodium resources. However, sodium ion batteries still suffer from severe performance degradation at low temperatures due to the conflict between ion desolvation and diffusion. Herein, we design a co-intercalation ether electrolyte to achieve solvent co-intercalation in the hard carbon negative electrode, thereby bypassing the slow desolvation process while ensuring rapid ion diffusion in electrolyte and hard carbon. The optimized solvation structure also promotes the formation of a thin, inorganic-rich solid electrolyte interface, facilitating interfacial ion transport. As a result, the co-intercalation electrolyte enables hard carbon to deliver good low-temperature performance, with an initial Coulombic efficiency of 80.5% at −50°C (20 mA g -1 ) and a capacity retention of 93% after 200 cycles (100 mA g -1 ). Moreover, an Ah-level full cell retains cell stack-level (excluding packaging) specific energy of 163 Wh kg -1 at 25 °C and 107 Wh kg -1 at −50°C (100 mA g -1 ), demonstrating the practical feasibility of this strategy for wide-temperature sodium ion batteries. This work has the potential to overcome the long-standing trade-off between low-temperature ion desolvation and diffusion, offering an approach for electrolyte design toward wide-temperature sodium ion batteries.
Influence of land-use types on soil microbial communities and nutrient changes in Xinyang City, China
Urea photosynthesis over a MOF-on-MOF S-scheme heterojunction
Large ungulates will be present in most of Japan by 2050 owing to natural expansion and human population shrinkage
Abstract The aims of this study were to elucidate factors contributing to the expansion of the distributions of sika deer and wild boar in Japan and to predict the expansion of their distributions by 2025, 2050, and 2100. A predictive model was constructed using information on species distribution collected by the Ministry of the Environment in 1978, 2003 and 2014, days of snow cover, forested and road areas, elevation, human population, and distance to the nearest occupied cell as covariates to calculate the probability of distribution change. Factors contributing to distribution expansion were elucidated and distribution expansion was predicted. Distance to the nearest occupied cell had the strongest influence on distribution expansion, followed by the inherent ability of each species to expand its distribution. For sika deer, human population had a negative effect and forest area and number of days of snow cover have positively affected. For wild boar, forest area, snow days and population had high importance. Predictions of future distribution showed that both species will be distributed nationwidely by 2050.
Extracellular matrix mediates circulating tumor cell clustering in triple-negative breast cancer metastasis
Abstract Metastatic tumor cell dissemination is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Clustered circulating tumor cells (CTCs) possess higher metastatic potential than single CTCs. Epithelial adherens junction (AJ) proteins typically mediate stable cell-cell interactions; however, these proteins are frequently lost in highly aggressive triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs), raising the question of how CTCs from such tumors cluster. Here we show that the extracellular matrix (ECM) component hyaluronan (HA) mediates AJ-independent CTC clustering in TNBCs. HA is necessary and sufficient to drive clustering of tumor cells expressing its receptor CD44. Mechanistically, HA initiates contact between neighboring cells through actin-based membrane protrusions. As cells are pulled closer, these initial interactions expand to membrane-membrane contact and are subsequently stabilized by desmosomes. CTC-derived HA also acts as a docking platform to promote heterotypic cluster formation by recruiting non-CTCs, including immune cells. Thus, this ECM–receptor interaction enables CTC clustering and survival under shear stress, enhancing TNBC metastasis.