Browse Articles

Diazoborane-Promoted Boron Insertion into Olefinic C–H Bonds

Two-Dimensional van der Waals Polar Metal MoOBr ₂

Determining the relationship between men’s eHealth literacy levels, their beliefs about cervical cancer, and their spousal support for screening

Stretchable and self-healing copper–iodide scintillator for conformal X-ray imaging and wearable radiation alerting

Total Synthesis of the Diterpene Alkaloid Thelepogine through Enyne Hydroamination

Spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of hepatitis B incidence rate in China

Parallel adaptation to geothermally-warmed habitats due to common structural variation and functional developmental pathways

Abstract Climate change is causing rapid temperature increases that drive adaptive changes. Predicting these outcomes remains challenging as the extremes of warming have not yet been experienced by natural populations. Contemporary populations inhabiting geothermally-warmed environments can provide valuable insights, including phenotypic and genomic responses involved in adaptation to warming. Here, we examine independent instances of divergence between geothermal and ambient ecotypes of threespine stickleback. While we identify similar patterns of phenotypic divergence in appetite, fat storage, and fat loss (during starvation), genomic divergence of loci is non-parallel. However, at a functional level, the mapk signalling pathway differs across ecotype pairs and expression of mapk genes differs between ecotypes, are thermally plastic, and influenced by hybridization. We also identify an inversion on chromosome XXI, previously attributed to freshwater colonization, diverging in parallel between ecotypes. Candidate genes within the inversion are associated with metabolic traits, including appetite regulation and fat storage in correspondence with our phenotypic findings. Overall, polygenic adaptation conferring functionally similar outcomes and structural variation are key genomic mechanisms facilitating adaptation to warmed environments. Functional molecular pathways should be prioritized in conservation, as precise allelic changes are difficult to predict and potentially less relevant to thermal adaptation than previously thought.

Correction to “Triplet-Mediated Photon Upconversion via Near-Infrared-II Excitation without Tetracene Derivatives”

Thermal aging-induced evolution of the spectral transmission characteristics of fiber bundles for optical partial discharge detection

Dysregulated differentiation kinetics underlie the essential role of DNA damage repair in placental development

Light-Induced Selective Control of Excitonic States in Supramolecular Nanotubes

Automatic classification of female body shape using 3D anthropometric scan data

Emerging capitalism and sociocultural niche construction in early modern Greece

Abstract Sociocultural niche construction is a key mechanism behind the current planetary crisis. Its causal drivers in past societies remain poorly understood due to a lack of data and modeling complexities. Here, we apply a Bayesian machine learning algorithm to a geospatial quantitative dataset compiled from 15 th −16 th c. CE Ottoman taxation registers, to explore shifts in drivers of land use choices in village communities in southern Greece. Greek and Albanian communities living within the same landscape experienced a transition from unstable political conditions and limited commodification of agriculture to lasting peace, intense market integration and state fiscal pressure, characteristic for early European capitalism. We found that prior to this economic transformation, ethno-cultural identities (Greek or Albanian) played an important role in local ecological niche construction. However, within two human generations (50 years), village communities shifted away from relying on ethnic identities in their ecological choices and their strategies became strongly connected to the investment potential of each village community and the environmental characteristics of their surroundings. Thus, our analysis demonstrates that the pressures of early modern socio-economic systems necessitated highly adaptive behavior from local communities that reduced the ecological significance of traditional identities.

Molecular Engineering of Asymmetric Cyanines with Hybridized Local and Charge-Transfer Characteristics for NIR-II Imaging-Guided Type I/II Photodynamic Therapy

Rural–urban differences in mortality from concurrent heart failure and cancer, 2011–2020

Abstract Rural populations experience higher mortality rates than urban populations for both heart failure (HF) and cancer, however, mortality involving both conditions has not been well characterized. We evaluated national trends and demographic differences in HF-related and HF + cancer–related deaths and assessed rural–urban disparities. Using U.S. death certificate data from 2011 to 2020, we calculated age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 persons for HF-related and HF + cancer–related deaths overall and stratified by rurality. During the study period, 3,453,655 HF-related deaths occurred, of which 274,715 (8%) also involved cancer. AAMRs increased over time for both outcomes. Rural areas consistently demonstrated higher mortality rates than urban areas for HF-related deaths (143.2 vs 110.1 per 100,000) and HF + cancer–related deaths (11.6 vs 8.8 per 100,000). Rural–urban disparities were evident across sex, age, and race/ethnicity groups. The largest rural-to-urban AAMR ratios were observed for lung/bronchus cancer (1.41), colorectal cancer (1.39), and leukemia (1.32). Mortality associated with both HF and cancer disproportionately affects rural populations. These findings highlight a growing dual burden of cardiovascular disease and cancer in rural communities and underscore the need for targeted prevention and care strategies addressing multimorbidity in these settings.

Kinetically templated fibrillar self-assembly via two-dimensional nanocrystals enables 21% efficient organic solar cells

Resolving Conformational Chirality in a Stereolabile Macrocycle

DMF-T assessment on panoramic images using deep learning-based convolutional neural network algorithm

Lipid-manager autophagy proteins ATG2 and ATG9 regulate extracellular vesicle secretion via amphisome biogenesis and cell lipidome modulation

Abstract Autophagy intersects with endocytic trafficking to regulate extracellular vesicle (EV) biogenesis, but how upstream lipid-handling autophagy proteins influence this crosstalk is unclear. Here we show that the autophagy lipid-supply proteins ATG9A and ATG2A/B restrain small EV (sEV) secretion by promoting amphisome formation and controlling cellular lipid composition. Deletion of ATG9A or ATG2A/B in cells, which abolishes autophagosome biogenesis, causes a RAB27A-dependent increase in secretion of CD63-enriched, smaller sEVs, and accumulation of intraluminal vesicles within multivesicular endosomes. Under lysosomal inhibition, wild-type cells release LC3- and autophagy cargo receptor-positive sEVs, whereas ATG9A- and ATG2A/B-deficient cells, despite hypersecretion of sEVs, fail to load LC3 or canonical cargo receptors, indicating a block in amphisome-mediated export. Proteomics reveals selective depletion of autophagy receptors and ferritinophagy factors and enrichment of RNA-binding proteins and endosomal trafficking regulators in sEVs from ATG9A- and ATG2A/B-deficient cells. Whole-cell lipidomics uncovers extensive rewiring of the lipidome, with accumulation of ceramides and neutral lipids, altered phospholipid balance, and transcriptional remodeling of lipid metabolic enzymes, while neutral sphingomyelinase inhibition normalizes sEV output. These findings identify ATG9A and ATG2A/B as lipid-dependent gatekeepers that couple autophagosome and amphisome formation, regulating membrane partition between degradative autophagy and exosome-mediated secretion.

An Orthogonal Nanoadjuvant-Based RSV Subunit Vaccine Unlocks Potent Immunity through a High-Entropy-like Immunostimulatory Effect