Browse Articles

Phylogenomic insights into the evolutionary history of the Amazonian Creole pig using nuclear genome data and maximum-likelihood analyses

Synthesis, spectroscopic investigation, theoretical insights via DFT and biological assessment of some isatin-based metal complexes

Abstract In this work, new VO 2+ , Ni 2+ and Cu 2+ complexes ( 1–3 ), respectively, were synthesized from indoline-2,3-dione with 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether. The metal complexes were characterized using elemental analyses (C, H, and N), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), UV–Visible spectra, thermogravimetric analysis methods, 1 H-NMR spectrum, molar conductivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The findings showed a square pyramidal geometry around the VO 2+ complex, tetrahedral and distorted square planar environments around the Ni 2+ Cu 2+ complexes. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to elucidate the geometrical and energetic properties of the ligand and its metal complexes. In vitro antidiabetic property of the synthesized ligand and its metal chelates ( 1–3 ) was estimated by α-amylase inhibition method. Investigating the compounds’ in vitro anticancer potential against the hepatic cancer cell lines (HepG-2) and against human lung fibroblast normal cell line (WI-38) was reported. The results showed that VO 2+ complex possesses the highest ability to inhibit α-amylase as well as hepatic cancer cells. In light of this, VO 2+ complex ( 1 ) that was synthesized has the potential to be utilized as possible candidates for antidiabetic and hepatic cancer treatment. The in-vitro antibacterial efficacy of the synthesized ligand and its metal complexes ( 1–3 ) was assessed against both two Gram-positive bacteria ( B. subtilis and S. aureus ) and two Gram-negative bacteria ( E. coli and K. pneumonia ). Cu 2+ chelate showed the highest activity against the tested microbes.

Lightweight large language models for early sepsis prediction via a semantic abstraction rule engine

A CNTFET based process variation resilient SRAM design for stable low power and half select free operation

Abstract Static random-access memory (SRAM) design at nanoscale dimensions faces critical challenges arising from degraded stability, excessive power dissipation, and heightened sensitivity to process variations, particularly under low-voltage operation. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a robust and energy-efficient carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (CNTFET)-based nine-transistor (9T) SRAM cell architecture optimized for low-power applications. The proposed design employs a fully decoupled read and write structure with a single-ended access scheme, effectively eliminating read-disturb and half-select failures while enhancing overall noise immunity. Read stability is significantly improved by isolating the storage nodes from the read bitline, enabling the read static noise margin (RSNM) to reach the hold static noise margin (HSNM). Write robustness is achieved through controlled manipulation of the inverter pull-down paths, facilitating conflict-free write operations without aggressive transistor upsizing or complex assist circuitry. HSPICE simulations using the Stanford 32-nm CNTFET model demonstrate that, at a supply voltage of 0.3 V, the proposed SRAM achieves a 2.1 × improvement in RSNM and over a 14 × enhancement in write static noise margin (WSNM) compared to the conventional 6T SRAM. In addition, reduced bitline activity, elimination of precharge circuitry, and effective transistor stacking result in substantial reductions in read, write, and leakage power consumption. Monte Carlo simulations incorporating realistic process variations further confirm superior robustness, with the highest mean-to-standard-deviation ratios for both RSNM and WSNM among the compared designs. Layout-level evaluation shows that these benefits are achieved with only a modest area overhead relative to the 6T SRAM cell and with a smaller footprint than existing 9T and 10T alternatives. Overall, the proposed CNTFET-based 9T SRAM cell provides a well-balanced solution for low-voltage, energy-constrained, and variability-aware memory systems, making it a promising candidate for future CNTFET-based integrated circuits.

Waiting for them

Incidence and risk factors of fracture-related infection after SIGN nailing of open femoral fractures in Ethiopia

Novel prey item identified for estuarine bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops erebennus) in the Southeastern United States

Meeting the moment: how scientific philanthropies are expanding their reach

Influence of seismic strain stress on evolution law of microcracks in concrete TPB tests using AE technology

Abstract Since the fracture properties and failure modes of concrete are deeply rate-dependent, changes in crack resistance and failure mechanism of concrete, under seismic strain rates, can provide critical insights for structural safety withstanding seismic load. In this study, the dynamic fracture characteristics and micro-mechanisms of concrete under a wide of strain rates range from the static to the seismic (10 − 6 s − 1 ~ 10 −2 s − 1 ) were explored using three-point bending (TPB) tests combined with Acoustic Emission (AE) monitoring. The results reveal a significant positive correlation between strain rate and mechanical performance. As the strain rate increases, the peak load increases by up to 37.1%, and the fracture energy rises by up to 36.7%, demonstrating a distinct pseudo-strengthening effect. Microscopically, the failure mechanism transitions from ductile interfacial cracking, where cracks deflect along the interface transition zone (ITZ), to brittle transgranular cracking, where aggregates are fractured directly. AE analysis further indicates a shift in the dominant fracture mode from Mode I (tensile) to Mode II (shear), with the proportion of shear cracks increasing from 16.2% to 53.8%. In addition, the spatial distribution of AE events becomes highly concentrated near the pre-crack tip, signifying a transition to brittle failure. These findings provide critical insights into the dynamic fracture mechanisms of quasi-brittle materials, highlighting the inherent trade-off between fracture strength enhancement and ductility reduction under rapid loading conditions, which is essential for seismic engineering and structural safety assessments.

Enhanced classification approach using MI-SVM for imbalanced multi-class datasets

Satellite-based drought assessment in major Sudan’s mechanized rain-fed agriculture

Resolving Solution-Synthesized Graphyne-Graphdiyne Macromolecules at the Angstrom Level

A model of multi-view contrastive hypergraph learning for predicting circRNA-disease associations

Multi ancestry genome wide association meta analysis of urinary aMT6s levels

Anterior chamber inflammation grading with automatized image processing software

Long-term evolution of hydrographic network density in arid Xinjiang, China: reconstruction from historical maps (1900–2020)

Host soluble plasma factors increase dual-species Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans biofilm biomass without enhancing stress tolerance

Task-relevant haptic feedback improves asymptotic performance in de novo arm control acquisition

Hsa_circ_0002111 implicates KTC-1 cell motility and modulates migration and invasion via miR-432-5p/CDKN2B axis

PMSA as a potential modulator of calcineurin phosphatase activity

Abstract Osteoporosis is a major skeletal disorder characterized by reduced bone strength and increased risk of fractures. Excessive osteoclast-mediated bone resorption is a primary cause of this condition, underscoring the need for effective anti-resorptive therapies. N -phenyl-methylsulfonamido-acetamide (PMSA) compounds have been previously identified as potential anti-resorptive agents that inhibit osteoclastogenesis. In this study, ribonucleic acid (RNA)-sequencing and proteomic analyses identified calcineurin (CaN) as a potential target of PMSA implicated in osteoclast differentiation. PMSA bound to CaN and suppressed its phosphatase activity, which is essential for the activation and translocation of nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), a key regulator of osteoclastogenesis. PMSA treatment resulted in altered NFATc1-related signaling and increased phospho-NFATc1 levels in osteoclasts. Overall, these findings suggest that PMSA may inhibit CaN activity during osteoclast differentiation, positioning it as a promising therapeutic candidate for osteoporosis.