Browse Articles

Intrinsic edge dislocations promote high-temperature strength and ductility in additively manufactured refractory high-entropy alloys

Abstract Refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) hold promise for applications in extreme environments. However, conventional as-cast RHEAs are constrained by the trade-off between strength and ductility, necessitating time- and energy-intensive post-processing. Here, we propose a streamlined strategy to fabricate RHEAs via laser directed energy deposition (LDED) using elemental powder blends, eliminating the need for post heat treatments. The additively manufactured (AMed) Nb 40 Ta 25 Ti 15 Hf 15 Zr 5 alloy, characterized by a high density of intrinsic edge dislocations introduced during the thermal cycling of the process, demonstrates a remarkable tensile strength of ~497.3 MPa and a uniform elongation of ~6.8 % at 1000 °C, representing a ~ 37.8% and ~61.9% increase, respectively, over its as-cast counterparts. It is found that the intrinsic edge dislocations generated during AM process significantly enhances the alloy’s strain hardening capability at elevated temperatures. Simultaneously, the high density of edge dislocations effectively enhance material deformability through kink band formation and the stochastic nature of dislocation motion. This work presents a cost-effective pathway for the rapid fabrication of AMed RHEAs with an exceptional combination of high-temperature strength and ductility, paving the way for next-generation structural alloys in extreme environments.

Phase transition of melt-vapor in the magnesium–tin system and its technological application

Hierarchical heterogeneous ordering enables wide-temperature strength-ductility synergy in additively manufactured medium-entropy alloys

Modeling the impact of climate variables on agriculture through the F-transform

Improving genomic prediction accuracy of complex traits by integrating massive types of functional annotation information

Abstract The development of omics techniques has increased the number of functional genomic annotations, making it possible to leverage this information in statistical models to improve genomic prediction performance. However, it remains challenging to effectively use the variety of functional annotations available. Here, we develop an adaptive model we call IFAM, which extends the linear mixed model with multiple random effects to accommodate a greater number of types of functional annotations to improve prediction accuracy for complex traits. The IFAM yields improvements in prediction accuracy across diverse datasets compared to the GBLUP model, achieving an average improvement of 9.46%, 6.15%, 4.59%, 4.09%, and 10.83% in the WTCCC1, UK Biobank, Duroc pig, Yorkshire pig and rice datasets, respectively. Notably, excluding trait-specific GWAS-derived annotations, functional annotations alone yielded a 1.40% predictive gain for the UK Biobank dataset but only marginal improvements in livestock and crop datasets. This suggests that the effectiveness of multi-omics information is constrained by species-specific annotation quality, tissue and trait relevance, and the limited resolution of existing functional datasets. As functional genomics resources continue to expand, their integration is expected to provide increasing benefits for genomic prediction.

Exploring the interplay between quantitative muscle strength, functional performance, and patient-reported outcomes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a cross-sectional pilot study

Manipulating cation solvation equilibrium in sole-solvent electrolyte for fast-charging and wide-temperature-range sodium metal batteries

A novel role of erythropoietin in skin pigmentation through melanin production

Author Correction: RejuAgro A as an antimicrobial for fire blight control of pome fruits and beyond

Protective effects of C5 level saline injection around the phrenic nerve in interscalene brachial plexus block: a randomized controlled trial

TUSCO: benchmarking transcriptome reconstruction with endogenous single-isoform controls

Gut microbiome–metabolome profiling reveals divergent growth performance in the spotted knifejaw (Oplegnathus punctatus)

Cavity-mediated exciton hopping in a dielectrically engineered polariton system

Abstract Exciton-polaritons – coherently hybridized states of excitons and photons – are instrumental for solid-state nonlinear optics and quantum simulations. To enable engineered polariton energy landscapes and interactions, local control over the particle-like states can be achieved by tuning the properties of the exciton constituent. Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides stand out in this respect, as they readily allow for a deterministic, flexible and scalable control of excitons, and thus of hybrid exciton-polaritons, via environmental dielectric engineering. Here, we demonstrate the realization of mesoscopic exciton-polariton domains in a structured dielectric exciton environment, and establish an effective long-range exciton hopping in the dispersive regime of cavity-coupling. Our results represent a crucial step toward interacting polaritonic networks and quantum simulations in exciton-polariton lattices based on dielectrically tailored two-dimensional semiconductors.

Molecular analysis of squalene epoxidase gene mutations in Trichophyton rubrum from clinical onychomycosis samples in South Korea

Glacial dysoxia in the deep subpolar North Atlantic during the Mid-Pleistocene Transition

Abstract The transition from 41-kyr to 100-kyr climate cycles during the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT; 1250–700 kyr), occurred in the absence of any significant shift in orbital forcing. The increase of carbon storage in the deep ocean between Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 24–22 has been suggested as a main internal factor leading to the transition to 100-kyr glacial cycles. We present sedimentary redox proxies and benthic foraminifera assemblages that demonstrate persistent dysoxic conditions during the MPT at IODP Site U1314 (subpolar North Atlantic). During glacials between 940 and 870 kyr, benthic foraminifera species typical of high porewater oxygen concentration disappeared, and concentrations of manganese oxides and reactive phosphorus mineral phases, both influenced by redox state, showed reductions exceeding 50%. Here, we show that higher freshwater supply associated with ice-rafted delivery caused a reduction in deep-water convection, decreasing bottom-water oxygenation and favoring carbon storage in the subpolar North Atlantic during the MPT.

Study on acoustic emission characteristics of muddy limestone under brazilian splitting tests at various loading rates

2′-O-methylation-dependent installation of N2-methylguanosine in the U6 internal stem loop facilitates efficient spliceosome assembly

Abstract The internal stem loop (ISL) of the human U6 snRNA, which catalyzes pre-mRNA splicing, contains LARP7-dependent, snoRNA-guided 2′- O -methylations and an N 2 -methylguanosine (m 2 G) that is required for splicing of weak splice sites. Here, we show that installation of m 2 G 72 by the THUMPD2-TRMT112 methyltransferase complex is one of the last maturation events during U6 snRNP biogenesis. We dissect features of THUMPD2 required for association with U6 and present an experimentally validated model of the THUMPD2-TRMT112-U6 complex. Using in vitro methylation assays as well as a newly developed m 2 G-sensitive deoxyribozyme to monitor U6-m 2 G 72 levels in cellular RNAs, we reveal that 2′- O -methylations within the U6 ISL enhance methylation of G 72 . We show that m 2 G 72 and the 2′- O -methylations in U6 independently and interdependently influence alternative splicing. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that 2′- O -methylations in the ISL are required for incorporation of U6 into snRNPs whereas m 2 G 72 influences the progression of the U6 snRNP into larger assemblies, highlighting distinct roles of these modifications during spliceosome assembly.

Assessment of respiratory function status among commercial motorcycle drivers in Sawla town, southern Ethiopia: comparative cross-sectional study

Structures of dye-bound transthyretin amyloid fibrils from abdominal fat biopsies

Explicit electrothermal LLP VO2 model reproducing Preisach like hysteresis for memristive and neuromorphic devices

Abstract Vanadium dioxide (VO $$_2$$ ) devices exploit a thermally driven metal–insulator transition accompanied by strong hysteresis, making them promising candidates for compact memristive elements and neuromorphic functionalities. Here we present a fully explicit electrothermal LLP–VO $$_2$$ model aimed at enabling practical implementation of LLP hysteresis operators in VO $$_2$$ and related materials. The formulation couples a single thermal balance equation to a discrete LLP operator that governs the metallic fraction while capturing key Preisach-like features, including nested hysteresis loops and return-point memory. The resulting resistance expression combines an Arrhenius-type conduction term with a metallic offset. A systematic comparison between explicit Euler and fourth-order Runge–Kutta (RK4) time integration schemes examines numerical accuracy and solver-dependent stiffness effects across the transition region. The results indicate that LLP-based hysteresis can be simulated efficiently without introducing additional differential states, while maintaining numerical reproducibility. The proposed model may serve as a lightweight and implementation-ready framework for applications requiring controlled VO $$_2$$ hysteresis behavior, and is designed to be compatible with SPICE-class solvers for future integration and benchmarking against HP- and Chua-type compact models.