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MICROHYDRO POWER PLANT FOR THE COMMUNITY
Micro Hydro Power Plant is an implementation of the green energy initiative, which is to encourage renewable energy. The Caturanom village area, Parakan District, Temanggung Regency, Central Java Province has a hydropower source that has not been maximally utilized. Meanwhile, electricity needs for integrated businesses, livestock, fisheries, agriculture, and waste processing require electricity supply. The research objective is to analyze micro hydro power plants that can be used for the operation of a sustainable integrated business. The research method begins with literature study, field study, designing, manufacturing, and testing its performance. The power of the water flow with the head and the amount of water flow has the potential to generate electricity with a cross flow turbine. The results of the research on the installation of micro hydro power plants with a working power of 8.1 [kWatt] with a head of 10 [m]; discharge 126 [liters/second]. Micro-hydro power plants are used to provide cheap and environmentally friendly electrical energy supplies to meet the operational needs, monitoring and control of Integrated Enterprises covering agriculture, animal husbandry, fisheries, and waste processing. The economic impact caused by the application of this micro-hydro power plant technology is that it is able to increase income, economy and welfare of integrated businesses through lowering production costs, increasing quantity, quality, and competitiveness of horticultural cultivation production. Meanwhile, the social impact caused by Integrated Enterprises and the surrounding community are becoming more concerned with the importance of renewable sources of electrical energy and technology for using clean, environmentally friendly, and sustainable energy.
THE ESTIMATION OF SPEECH INTELLIGIBILITY QUALITY IN ORTHODOX CHURCHES
This paper presents the estimation of speech intelligibility in unoccupied and occupied Orthodox churches "Saint George" in Žitnipotok and "Holy Great Martyr Prokopija" in Katun, Serbia, based on a comparative analysis of objective acoustic parameters: reverberation time, RT30, and speech transmission index STI,and subjective acoustic parameters: subjective intelligibility of sentences, SIsent, PB words, SIPB, and CVC logotoms, SICVC. Correlation and regression analysis confirmed a strong relationship between the analyzed acoustic parameters of speech intelligibility and reverberation time. The estimation of the quality of speech intelligibility in churches was carried out using Standard IEC 60268 - 16.
CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY STUDIES OF CALCITE-ZINCATE NANOPARTICLES BY GREEN SYNTHESIS
Nanoparticles (Nps) are extremely useful in a extensive choice of industries, together with electronics, the environs, cosmetics, material science, and medicinal systems, among others. Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) and Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanomaterials have long been popular research topics. It is frequently used in dentistry applications due to its biocompatibility. The purpose of this study was to produce and describe calcium carbonate/zinc oxide nanoparticles (CaCO3/ZnO-NPs) prepared via precipitation method. The precipitation method has many advantages, including being more controllable and reproducible, as well as allowing for easy particle size control. Temperature and the calcination process both have an impact on the formation of nanoparticles. The calcination at high temperatures resulted in spherical-shaped particles, a reduction in aggregate size, and an increase in the crystalline nature of the NPs. Nitrates of calcium and zinc, sodium hydroxide were used, along with silk washed waste water containing sericin as a capping agent. CaCO3/ZnO-NPs were produced at 60°C using calcination (500°C). The antibacterial activities of the nanoparticles against gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis, as well as gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, also, Fungus - Candida albicans were investigated, via the disk diffusion method. CaCO3/ZnO-NPs were successfully produced and exhibited a crystalline nanostructure, confirmed the elements of CaCO3/ZnO-NPs, and revealed that the CaCO3/ZnO-NPs obtained had an irregular spherical shape. The nanoparticles were found to be void of contaminants and organic. The absorption group at nm points out the occurrence of CaCO3, and the absorption group at 380 nm confirm the existence of ZnO. In addition, these CaCO3/ZnO-NPs have improved antimicrobial activity with potential applications in dentistry.
EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON OF THE WEIGHT LOSS DYNAMIC DURING PYROLYSIS BETWEEN LONG FLAME COAL AND OIL RICH COAL
For the isothermal pyrolysis of oil rich coal, the activation energy E =235.92 KJ/mol, and the pre-exponential factor lnA=32.324. The activation energy of oil rich coal under isothermal pyrolysis condition is larger than that of long flame coal, E =162.15 KJ/mol, which means that the conversion rate of long flame coal is larger than that of the oil rich coal. For the constant heating rate pyrolysis of oil rich coal, the activation energy E =39.81 KJ/mol, and the pre-exponential factor lnA=5.239. The activation energy of oil rich coal under constant heating rate pyrolysis condition is larger than that of long flame coal, E =27.86 KJ/mol, which means that the conversion rate of oil rich coal is larger than that of the long flame coal.
HEPATOPROTECTIVE EVALUATION OF ZIZIPHUS MAURITIANA BARK EXTRACT ON EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS
The present investigation entitled “Hepatoprotective Evaluation of Ziziphus Mauritiana Bark Extract on Experimental Animals has been carried out and presented in the thesis. The present investigation is concerned with the widely distributed indigenous plants Ziziphus Mauritiana. From the survey of literature of this plant, it is observed that this plant is well known. In order to do a systematic study on a lead molecule discovery and optimization, we have gone in for a treatment of a set of ailments by diverse plants species from different family. Ziziphus Mauritiana belongs to the family of Rhammaceae was reported to possess anti-inflammatory, anti-covulsant, skin infection, antioxidant activity. It is a medium to large trees, 12 m in hight, bark dark brown, found in villeges forest on wastelands throughout india. The work involves extraction, GC-MS, pharmacological screening of the extracts, isolation and characterization of constituents by using modern analytical techniques. Keeping in view of the various medicinal uses of the plant mentioned in the literature pharmacological evaluation was carried out to substantiate folklore claim. Toxicity studied result revealed that both EE an aqueous extract on oral route was safe to administer at high dose of 2000 mg/kg
REVIEW ARTICLE ON SUSTAINED RELEASE DELIVERY SYSTEM OF ANTI-PLATELET DRUGS
Antiplatelet medications currently on the market interfere with one or more phases in the platelet release and aggregation process, leading to a meaningful decrease in thrombosis risk that cannot be separated from an elevated risk of bleeding. Understanding that under physiological conditions, 1011 platelets are created daily-a quantity that can rise up to 10-fold during times of greater need—is crucial when thinking about antiplatelet medications.
RELATED SUBSTANCES METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF ATAZANAVIR AND RITONAVIR IN TABLET DOSAGE FORM BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
A simple, rapid, selective and stability indicating reversed High performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of process related and degradation impurities present in Atazanavir and Ritonavir tablets. The two proposed drug components and their respective impurities were separated using ACE C18 (250 mm x 4.6 mm), 5µm and mobile phase comprised of Buffer (pH 3.3) and Ogranic solvent in gradient proportion.The flow rate was 0.9ml/min.The detector wavelength of 240nm was used for quantifying the impurities.The selected chromatographic conditions were found to effectively quantitate Atazanavir and Ritonavir and its related impurities. Linearity and range were eatablished from LOQ level to 150% level. Accuracy of the method was established from LOQ level to 150% level.The developed stability indicating method is capable for determination of impurities of Atazanavir and Ritonavir in combined dosage form as well as individual forms also.
HEPATOPROTECTIVE POTENTIAL OF VARIOUS EXTRACTS OF COCCINAINDICA, SIDACORDATA, MEDICAGO SATIVA AND WEDELIATRILOBATA
Background - The liver is a crucial organ that is important for the body's removal of xenobiotics. The pharmaceutical business, as well as healthcare practitioners, are challenged by diseases that affect the liver. Botanical medications are frequently employed since the standard therapy for liver problems is linked to a wide variety of negative effects. Objective - To evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of the various extracts of Coccinaindica, Sidacordata, Medicago sativa and . Wedeliatrilobata leaves in mice. Methods– The chosen plant parts has been grounded to the fine powder form and this powder is then sieved with a particular number of sieve that is number 40 so as to obtain a uniform powder. Further to this this powder is under gone with WHO guideline.It was found that the specified limits were within all the measured parameters. After physicochemical characterization, all of the plant components were extracted using Pet ether., Chloroform, Ethanol and Aqueous.The evaluation was designed to understand the pharmacological activity at various dose levels of each plant substance, in order to select the appropriate doses. Results – Extremely reactive free radical CCl3 specifically targets polyunsaturated endoplasmic reticulum fatty acids in hepatocytes and thus causes over production of Aspartate aminotransferase, Alkaline phosphatase and alanine amino transferase and serum bilirubin.serum enzyme levels of when CCl4 was used to cause liver toxicity increased significantly. of Aspartate aminotransferase, Alkaline phosphatase and alanine amino transferase,Serum bilirubin (T and D) and decrease the levels of total protein. The biochemical evaluation of the liver enzymes showed a potential hepatoprotective effect of Alcoholic (Ethanolic) extract of Cocciniaindica (CIEE); Aq. extract of Sidacordata(SCAE), Alcoholic (Ethanolic) extract of Wedeliatrilobata(WTEE) and ethanolic extract of Medicago sativa(MSEE) in the experimental rat models. The selected medicinal plants are widely employed in various liver disorders in traditional systems of medicine. The present pharmacological evaluation will provide scientific data about the rationale behind their use.
EVALUATION OF ANTI-UROLITHIASIS ACTIVITY OF WOODFORDIA FRUTICOSA
Euphorbia hirta L. is a common weed plant that belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae characterized by the presence of milky latex in leaves and stems. Phytochemical screening of leaves of Euphorbia hirta L. confirmed the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannin and terpenoids. FTIR confirms the formation of calcium oxalate crystals with major peaks at 3331.07, 1608.63, 1317.38, and 775.38, which corresponds to asymmetric O-H bending, C=O stretching, C-O stretching and C-H bending. Urinary stone formation takes place due to changes in urinary chemistry, such as hyperoxaluria and hypercalciuria, leading to urinary super saturation, which later crystallizes, aggregates and ends up in stone formation. Evidences in previous studies indicated that, in response to 14 days period of ethylene glycol (0.75%v/v) administration, young albino rats form renal calculi composed mainly of CaOx. The principal precursor of oxalic acid in mammals is glyoxalic acid. The enzymatic oxidative conversion of glycolate to oxalate via glyoxylate is the major metabolic pathway involved in endogenous oxalate synthesis. The enzymatic disturbances are the causative factors for the idiopathic hyperoxaluria; while, the defective intestinal absorption of oxalate plays a vital role in enteric hyperoxaluria and lead to an increase in the urinary oxalate concentration. In the present study, chronic administration of 0.75% ethylene glycol aqueous solution to male Wistar rats resulted in hyperoxaluria. Oxalate and calcium excretion in urine were grossly increased in calculi- induced animals.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN IVR PAYMENT SYSTEM
The payment system in Nigeria has experienced a major shift in recent years from the traditional mode of payment, resulting in a cashless society through mobile banking. This is a welcome development as the traditional system has a lot of drawbacks like spending hours on a queue just to make a transaction. Also, the advent of debit cards poses a challenge of inability to make payments if the card is not readily available, coupled with outrageous service charges from POS operators. Even in mobile banking, some challenges still abound such as network failure and session timeout which can be experienced while using USSD or Mobile banking applications. We are proposing an IVR payment system for customers to make payments to merchants for their goods and services. This system is very unique as it is yet to be explored in this part of the world. Imagine being able to make payments through a phone call. The need for better payment alternatives which hinges on convenience, affordability, accessibility and speed cannot be overemphasized. Our system does not require mobile data to be able to make payment transactions after purchase. Interestingly, it does not necessarily require a smartphone and as such has a high penetration especially in the rural areas, also providing a vocal guide to initiate payments for those who are visually impaired. We are able to achieve this by implementing the IVR technology, enabling customers and merchants to enroll on the platform and carry out payment transactions.
FAKE REVIEW IDENTIFICATION USING VARIOUS KINDS OF NEURAL NETWORKS – A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
In modern times, the foremost factors influencing the purchase decision of a customer are the reviews of other customers. People make their purchase decisions based on the reviews given by other people, thereby making these reviews a valuable source of information for any companies that wish to sell products online, and customers that wish to buy these products. The reliance of people on these customer reviews in turn may lead to a concern that people may misuse this platform and write fake reviews to untruthfully promote or devalue a certain product or commodity. These are known as Spam Reviews, or fake reviews, wherein people change, manipulate, and poison reviews for their own benefit. This review paper will focus on the latest techniques that have been developed or are in the research phase in order to deal with this research challenge. The methods previously used for this particular application are Data Mining, Natural Language Processing, Machine learning based on supervised learning architecture, etc. These methods are better developed, but have certain limitations. To provide a clearer picture on the latest methods, this paper shall also discuss methods like Bi-directional LSTM’s, Generative Adversarial Networks, and other related methods based on deep learning.
IOT BASED SMART MULTILAYER SYRINGE PUMP FOR ICU PATIENTS
Controlled and Precise delivery of fluid is one of the essential demands in many fluid inflow applications like as micro fluids, Micro Electro Mechanical systems, micro-machining and in medicinal biological systems. Like deliveries are generally achieved using syringe pump which generally employs syringes driven by an electric motor. In this work a syringe pump is operated with ATMEGA 329P Chip and LCD keypad shield, which is more user friendly than a control with an ordinary micro controller.
IOT BASED NON-INVASIVE TECHNIQUE TO DETECT THYROID
This system presents a thyroid monitoring sensor for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The proposed architecture is energy efficient and user friendly. Thyroid monitoring can be done either by monitoring the basal body conductance or through blood samples. In this work basal body conductance is the quantity sensed for thyroid monitoring. The conductance acquisition is performed by an electrode along with an amplifier and a Node MCU. The designed module implements the conductance acquisition module along with the calibration method to dynamically optimize the sensor design. The sensor should be non-intrusive to avoid possible disturbs and also because the person who wears it could feel uncomfortable. Furthermore, the system acquisition should be designed by wireless technology. Finally, the sampling rate of the acquisition and the material of the sensor have to be revised. A large majority or sensors provide signals with artifacts and out layers that make the difficult information extraction.
IOT BASED NEBULIZER THERAPY FOR CHILDREN SUFFERING FROM BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
This Project describes the enhancement of ultrasonic nebulizer that is being made for monitoring asthma attacks frequency and dynamics of its treatment. The improvement is presented by intercalation of an indicator that registers time, duration of an attack and dosage of an inhaled medicament. The reason why the research is regarded to children below the age of 3 years is that nebulizer therapy is the only one they can use, unlike adults, who use nebulizers on prescription (using jet sprays through the day). This fact allows us to track all cases of asthma attacks.
ANALYSIS OF DRILLED HOLE QUALITY AND CIRCULARITY ERROR WHILE DRILLING JUTE-FLAX HYBRID COMPOSITES
This work is conducted typically to understand and analyse the quality of the drilled hole and the circularity errors associated with it, while the drilling is performed on the hybrid natural fibre reinforced epoxy composites prepared by simple hand layup technique. Materials used for the composite preparation includes jute-flax fibres along with the epoxy base. Experiments were conducted by considering the design of experiments using taguchi technique and the holes were drilled accordingly with varying parametric conditions and different drill sizes. The holes were analysed under a microscope and the quality of holes were studied which showed the comparison of delamination at the entry as well as the exit for different drilling conditions. The circularity error measurement for the drilled holes is conducted using coordinate measuring machine (CMM) which follows the minimum zone evaluation method. The observations are made on to which combination of drill parameters yield lesser circularity error and the effect of the combination of parameters are studied, followed by the optimization of process parameters done by RSM.
IOT IMBIBED BIKE HELMET FOR ACCIDENT PREVENTION
This paper aims to provide a smart electrically assisted helmet (also known as bike rider helmet) used for recovery of the rider’s physical and physiological information, monitoring of their health state, and adjusting the “medical” assistance accordingly. Bike helmet have proven to be an excellent way to protect the rider from the accidents. Such devices can also be seen as the first step to help unhealthy sedentary people to start exercising with reduced strain. Based on this analysis, the need to have helmet with artificial intelligence (AI) systems that recover and processed a large amount of data is discussed in depth.
SMART CANE WITH VITAL MONITORING AND LOCATION TRACKING
Assistive IoT technologies are powerful tools to increase independence and improve participation. Real-time Falls are currently a leading cause of death from injury in the elderly. The usage of conventional assistive cane is critical in reducing the risk of falls and is relied upon by many elderly patients. But the conventional cane does not prove any additional assistance other than physical support. In the past few decades, the technology boom has unleashed an enormous potential to explore and implement various assistive devices for the elderly to lead their life independently. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a prototype which would serve as an efficient aid for the elderly. This stick is embedded with various features making it a Smart walking stick. This walking stick can monitor various health parameters and informs the nearby primary health center and caretaker of any abnormalities. This smart stick can also help elder persons to reach home safely if they lost themselves when go out alone. We propose a system in which we integrate a vital monitoring system which continuously monitor the vitals of the elderly person and warns if the values are off by a significant amount. The proposed system also provides a convenient way for location. The cane is also fitted with an emergency button which when pressed triggers a loud alarm indicating that the elderly person is in danger. This stick is tested to verify the functionality of all features and this would be very useful for elders to restore their confidence and increase mobility when compared to the conventional sticks available in the market only for walking.
A COMPACT PORTABLE WOODEN TREADMILL WITH VITAL MEASUREMENTS
In order to help combat the harmful health effects of sitting for extended periods of time, our group will create a portable treadmill. This treadmill’s ease of portability will be due to both the lightweight design and ability to decrease its footprint when not in use. The primary demographic for this device will be working professionals who currently spend most of their day in an office chair, thereby giving them the option to walk at a comfortable pace while working. Other demographics include students at all levels to use in the classroom or the library, citizens watching television in their living rooms, and elderly persons who do not want to leave the comfort of their homes to exercise.
METHYLENE BLUE REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS MEDIUM USING NANO PARTICLES- FIXED BED COLUMN STUDIES
There is a great threat to water bodies due to the release of untreated industrial effluents in general and dyes in particular. Thus, to protect the water bodies treatment of colored waste waters is very much needed. Amongst various treatment options available to treat coloured waste waters, fixed bed column found to be more efficient which facilitates good contact between waste water with adsorbent. Outcome of studies on adsorption of Methylene blue by ZnO and MgO nano particles employing column studies are presented in this paper. Variables viz pH, depth of the bed, initial concentration of dye have been investigated. The behavior of column bed reflected by break through curves and tests carried out using kinetic models namely Thomas and Yoon-Nelson are also presented in this paper.
ENSEMBLE LEARNING BASED POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE DIAGNOSIS FOR 5G REMOTE HEALTH CARE
The fifth-generation (5G) communications enables various promising applications that were once impossible, e.g. remote healthcare with the help of fast and reliably delivery of medical data. Post-partum hemorrhage (PPH) refers to the massive blood loss after the birthing stage (within 24 hours), i.e.>500ml for the vaginal delivery, and >1000ml for the cesarean section. PPH is by far the most common cause of the mortality rate of pregnant women, as well as a primary cause of current pregnant mortality in China. Despite the great potential of prediction of PPH, there is currently no effective tool based on the limited raw data from the clinical trials. In the study, we retrospectively study the 3842 vaginal delivery cases in 2017 collected from Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. In particular, we obtain the prediction based diagnostic model relying on machine learning, and we adopt the ensemble learning to accomplish this task, by combining the results of various candidate methods. According to the experimental results, the accuracy of correct PPH diagnosis would approach 96.7%; the total disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) prediction accuracy approaches 90.3%. In this regard, we may conclude the proposed model based on machine learning would allow us to predict successfully the risk of PPH, and assess the critical level of PPH patient. We anticipate our study results would contribute to the reduction the mortality of pregnant women. According to the 2013 World Health Statistics, the maternal mortality rate in low-income countries were 410/100,000 live births. The majority of maternal deaths occurred mainly in Asian and African countries. Major causes of maternal deaths are similar across low-income countries, often obstetric in origin including hemorrhage, hypertensive diseases and maternal infections. 94% of births in Ethiopia are estimated to occur at home and 10% of maternal deaths are attributed to PPH. Uterine atony, or lack of effective contraction of the uterus, is the most common cause of PPH followed by infection, sub involution of the placental site, and inherited coagulation deficits. The majority of these fatal obstetric complications occur during labor and immediately after birth. In the low-income countries, more than three-quarters of maternal deaths due to the direct obstetric causes occur during and after birth. Organized diagnosis and management of PPH, including administration of uterotonic agents, controlled cord traction, and uterine massage after delivery of the placenta, are required to avoid maternal death.