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Depressive symptoms hopelessness self-efficacy and COVID-19-related stressors among pregnant women in Hungary across two pandemic waves
Abstract Depression and hopelessness during pregnancy may be intensified by public health crises, yet less is known about how pregnancy- and pandemic-related stressors differ across successive COVID-19 waves. This study examined depressive symptoms, hopelessness, self-efficacy, and COVID-19-related concerns among pregnant women in Hungary during two independent cross-sectional pandemic waves. A total of 692 pregnant women participated in Wave 1 and 459 in Wave 2. Participants completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Beck Hopelessness Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and the study-specific „Pregnancy during the coronavirus” questionnaire. EPDS categories did not differ significantly between waves; 11.8% of participants in Wave 1 and 10.5% in Wave 2 fell into the major depressive symptom range. Mild hopelessness was reported by 31.1% and 26.4%, and moderate/severe hopelessness by 3.2% and 3.3%, respectively. Confinement-related difficulties and daily disruption, as well as perceived support and positive reappraisal, were higher in Wave 1 than Wave 2, both p < 0.001. In Wave 2, unplanned or unwanted pregnancy was associated with higher depressive symptoms, hopelessness, and financial/housing concerns. Emotional distress and impaired coping was the strongest predictor of EPDS and BHS scores, while self-efficacy was a consistent negative predictor. These findings support pregnancy-sensitive mental health screening during public health crises.
Engineering human PEG10-based nanoparticles for RNA self-packaging, delivery and cancer therapy
Temporal dynamics of ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions following green crop residue recycling in soils
Abstract The recycling of green crop residues is promoted for enhancing soil organic carbon sequestration and health, but can also stimulate emissions of nitrous oxide (N₂O) and ammonia (NH₃). Soil tillage can lead to different residue distributions which affect contact with decomposers and local gas and solute diffusion. This study aims to quantify N₂O, NH₃, and carbon dioxide emissions from N-rich red clover residue subjected to three different distributions in the soil—surface, layered, and mixed—across three contrasting agricultural soils. The incubations were performed under laboratory conditions for 50 days at 15 °C, with a water-filled pore space of 60%. Gas fluxes as well as soil ammonium and nitrate contents were measured. Results showed that N₂O emissions were strongly influenced by soil type and residue placement, with sandy loam producing the highest cumulative fluxes, particularly in the mixed (17.4 kg N ha⁻ 1 ) and layered (11.5 kg N ha⁻ 1 ) treatments. NH₃ volatilization occurred almost exclusively from surface residues, peaking at 10.2 kg N ha⁻ 1 in sandy loam soil. Emission for N 2 O were significantly higher than previously reported for residues. These findings highlight that both residue placement and soil properties critically determine gaseous emission patterns.
Adaptive kNN graph model
Evolutionary transition from single-cell to multi-cell organisms: the role of surface waters and their hydrodynamics
Abstract The evolutionary transition from unicellular to multicellular organisms exhibited a sharp increase in metabolic rates, yet the physical conditions supporting this transition remain poorly understood. Here we propose that wide-spread hydrodynamic enhancement of nutrient delivery to the microorganisms in the Neoproterozoic Era constituted a necessary enabling condition for early multicellularity, complementing the effect of rising oxygen levels occurring at the same time. Along with conceptual arguments in support of this hypothesis, we define three testable hydrodynamic mechanisms (viscous-diffusive, viscous-convective, and inertial-convective) controlling nutrient uptake and largely applicable for both bed-attached and free-floating microorganisms. We also highlight a flow-bed interface in surface streams as potentially important hotbed for multicellularity breeding, complementing the mainstream perception on the defining role of early oceans. Overall, our results emphasize hydrodynamics as under-represented physical component in existing evolutionary frameworks and generate testable predictions linking organism size, flow conditions, and habitat type.
Bidirectional integrin β1 activation synergizes neurovascular coupling and enhances bone regeneration
Abstract Reconstruction of large segmental bone defects remains challenging because current grafting strategies often fail to coordinate angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and osteogenesis. Here we developed a functional scaffold (peptide/Talin1 plasmid/PLA–HA/GelMA, PTPG) capable of simultaneously delivering peptides and Talin1 plasmids. We hypothesized that this scaffold enables neurovascularized bone regeneration through bidirectional activation of integrin β1 (ITGB1). The REDV–IKVAV (Arg-Glu-Asp-Val-Gly-Gly-Gly-Ile-Lys-Val-Ala-Val) peptide triggers “outside-in” ITGB1 signaling in endothelial and Schwann cells, while Talin1 plasmid-mediated “inside-out” activation. This PTPG scaffold synergistically enhances cell proliferation, migration and secretion, which are eliminated by ITGB1 silencing. In vivo, PTPG scaffold promotes aligned neurovascular networks guiding bone deposition. Single-cell RNA sequencing demonstrates enrichment of endothelial H-type signatures and repair-associated Schwann cell phenotypes, with activation of ITGB1–focal adhesion kinase–paxillin signaling. Collectively, this scaffold integrates structural support with peptide and genetic cues to promote coordinated angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and osteogenesis, offering a promising strategy for functional bone regeneration.
Lattice boltzmann method for investigation of flow through square in-line cylinders with transverse oscillation
Convergence is not correctness: context-dependent performance of enhanced-sampling methods across biological complexity
4DO-DETR for otitis media detection
Retrograde mitochondrial transport is required for mitochondrial biogenesis in zebrafish neurons
Transformer-GNN fusion with gradient surgery for electricity price forecasting
Nitrate-Sialin2 axis couples ER-mitochondrial calcium signaling with fatty acid metabolism to drive white adipose browning
Effect of a mobile-based resilience training program on resilience and well-being outcomes in individuals with chronic pain
Tunable magnons in a dual-gated 2D antiferromagnet
Abstract The layered antiferromagnet CrSBr features magnons coupled to other quasiparticles, including excitons and polaritons, which enables their easy optical accessibility. In this work, we investigate the response of the magnons in few-layered devices to changes in carrier density and an applied perpendicular electric field. While the frequencies of both modes increase with the electron density, we reveal their asymmetric response with respect to the electric field. To understand the mechanism of this disparity, we propose a layer-resolved macrospin model describing the magnetic dynamics in thin, non-uniformly doped devices. Through this model we establish the dominant dependencies of the interlayer exchange interaction, magnetic anisotropy, and magnetic moment on the electron density and electric field in individual layers. We demonstrate an on-chip tunability of the in- and out-of-phase magnon frequencies by up to 2 GHz in a dual-gated trilayer device. Our results advance the applications of gate-tunable magnonic devices based on 2D materials.
School and family based myopia education associations with myopia prevalence in Hefei high school students in the post-COVID-19 period
Late-stage generation of 14C/3H-radiolabeled lysine residues via hydroformylation of peptides
Abstract Peptides constitute a well-established and rapidly expanding field in the contemporary pharmaceutical drug landscape. Studies with 14 C- or 3 H-radiolabeled analogs are the gold standard for drug development, yet access to 14 C-peptides is costly and limited to derivatization of the native structure with tags or lengthy multi-step syntheses. In this work, we report a platform that installs 14 C- or 3 H-radiolabeled lysine residues directly on solid-supported peptides. The workflow constitutes a mild, peptide-compatible hydroformylation process of allylglycine residues to generate labeled allysine, followed by reductive amination that furnishes radiolabeled lysine residues directly upon cleavage from the solid support. The hydroformylation setup can be tuned for flexible isotope introduction by using 14 CO from solid precursors and 3 H 2 from standard tritium manifolds. We show that the optimized workflow tolerates diverse sequences and enables functionalization of peptides as complex as semaglutide analogs.