Stabilizing High‐Activity FeN <sub>5</sub> Sites via an Adaptive N‐linked Carbon Bilayer for Stable Fuel Cells

L Long‐Ji Yuan (Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Technology of Ceramics Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety College of Materials Science and Engineering College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China) Z Zhen‐Yu Miao (State Key Laboratory of Space Power‐Sources MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage MOE Engineering Research Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Carbon Neutrality in Cold Regions School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang China) Q Qi Li Y Yu‐Zhe Liu (Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Technology of Ceramics Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety College of Materials Science and Engineering College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China) T Tao Gong Z Zhao‐Yang Han (Guangdong Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Yanshan University Qinhuangdao China) W Wei Gong L Li‐Xiao Shen (Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Technology of Ceramics Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety College of Materials Science and Engineering College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China) W Wen‐Liang Feng (Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Technology of Ceramics Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety College of Materials Science and Engineering College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China) B Bin Wu S Shu‐Rong Yuan (Intelligent Power Station Technology Research&amp;Development Department Xian XD Switchgear Electric Co., Ltd Shaanxi China) G Guo‐Xu Zhang (State Key Laboratory of Space Power‐Sources MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage MOE Engineering Research Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Carbon Neutrality in Cold Regions School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang China) X Xu‐Lei Sui (Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Technology of Ceramics Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety College of Materials Science and Engineering College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China) Z Zhen‐Bo Wang (State Key Laboratory of Space Power‐Sources MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage MOE Engineering Research Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Carbon Neutrality in Cold Regions School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China)

Abstract

ABSTRACT The practical application of Fe‐N‐C catalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells is fundamentally constrained by the inherent activity‐stability trade‐off. Here, we propose a “repair‐and‐upgrade” engineering strategy that not only repairs pyrolysis‐induced defects through carbon and nitrogen supplementation but also evolves conventional FeN 4 moieties into stabilized FeN 5 configurations via an in situ constructed carbon bilayer. The axial nitrogen modulates the electronic structure of Fe center to enhance catalytic activity, while the adaptive interlayer spacing of the N‐linked carbon bilayer compensates for fluctuations in the axial Fe─N bond length during catalysis, therefore anchoring the Fe active sites. When integrated into membrane electrode assemblies, the catalyst delivers a high peak power density of 1221 mW cm −2 and exhibits exceptional durability, retaining over 85% of its initial power density after 10,000 cycles in H 2 ‐O 2 and showing negligible decay over 45 h at 0.6 V in H 2 ‐air tests. This work presents a novel design strategy for stable single‐atom catalysts, centered on creating an adaptive local environment that ensures exceptional electrocatalytic stability.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 65, Issue 25
Published June 15, 2026
ISSN 1433-7851
Publisher Wiley

Journal Info

Angewandte Chemie International Edition

Wiley

ISSN: 1433-7851 Physical Sciences

Authors (14)

L

Long‐Ji Yuan

Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Technology of Ceramics Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety College of Materials Science and Engineering College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China

Z

Zhen‐Yu Miao

State Key Laboratory of Space Power‐Sources MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage MOE Engineering Research Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Carbon Neutrality in Cold Regions School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang China

Q

Qi Li

Y

Yu‐Zhe Liu

Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Technology of Ceramics Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety College of Materials Science and Engineering College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China

T

Tao Gong

Z

Zhao‐Yang Han

Guangdong Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Yanshan University Qinhuangdao China

W

Wei Gong

L

Li‐Xiao Shen

Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Technology of Ceramics Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety College of Materials Science and Engineering College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China

W

Wen‐Liang Feng

Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Technology of Ceramics Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety College of Materials Science and Engineering College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China

B

Bin Wu

S

Shu‐Rong Yuan

Intelligent Power Station Technology Research&amp;Development Department Xian XD Switchgear Electric Co., Ltd Shaanxi China

G

Guo‐Xu Zhang

State Key Laboratory of Space Power‐Sources MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage MOE Engineering Research Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Carbon Neutrality in Cold Regions School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang China

X

Xu‐Lei Sui

Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Technology of Ceramics Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety College of Materials Science and Engineering College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China

Z

Zhen‐Bo Wang

State Key Laboratory of Space Power‐Sources MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage MOE Engineering Research Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Carbon Neutrality in Cold Regions School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China