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Interplay of defects, charge transport, and magnetoresistance in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides—A Perspective
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are a unique set of materials with appealing properties such as high charge carrier mobility, a broad range of spin–orbit coupling strength, and valley-coupled spins. Magnetoresistance, the change of resistance in the presence of a magnetic field, is a technologically relevant characteristic that finds use in memory or sensing applications. However, high magnetoresistance is still a sought-after property. As a result, a great deal of research endeavors are currently devoted to identifying suitable conditions for achieving this purpose. In this Perspective article, we show how the electronic properties of TMDs may enable higher magnetoresistance and outline different strategies to manipulate magneto-transport by analyzing how atomistic insights taken from ultra-high vacuum investigations translate into charge carrier transport measurements.
Adaptive LQR active control of pantograph based on MDO algorithm
Lacunary Evolution of Molybdenum Blue Clusters for Efficient and Sustainable Photocatalytic Chemodivergent C─C Coupling Reactions
ABSTRACT High‐nuclearity molybdenum blue (MB) clusters with regular lacunary variation are of great importance for polyoxometalate structure evolution and photocatalytic application study, but their synthesis still remains a huge challenge. Herein, we successfully synthesized a series of high‐nuclearity MB clusters, S 2 Mo 62 , SMo 53 W 7 , Mo 50 W 8 , and Mo 44 W 8 , which exhibit regular lacunary variation. More importantly, such structural variation endows these MB clusters with distinct Lewis acidity and redox properties. Consequently, when employed as heterogeneous photocatalysts for the chemodivergent C─C coupling reactions between 1,3‐diketones and alkenes, the hexa‐lacunary Mo 50 W 8 and Mo 44 W 8 with more Lewis acid sites can achieve a 93% 1,5‐diketone yield within 12 h, while parent S 2 Mo 62 with superior oxygen activation can achieve a 99% 1,4‐diketone yield within 3 h. Furthermore, Mo 50 W 8 enables gram‐scale and sunlight driven synthesis of diverse 1,5‐diketone, and maintains long‐term cycling stability over 370 h (16 cycles). This work represents the first report of high‐nuclearity MB clusters with regular lacunary variation, and extends their application to sunlight driven photocatalytic C─C coupling reaction, highlighting the innovative research of MB clusters.
Complementary optoelectronic effect in silicon nanomembrane-based heterojunction for broadband UV–visible–NIR photodetection
Semiconductor heterojunctions play a vital role in the fabrication of broadband photodetectors, which offer broad application prospects across fields including environmental monitoring, biomedical imaging, and optical communications. However, state-of-the-art technical routes for the fabrication of semiconductor heterojunctions face significant challenges, which could severely compromise their optoelectronic properties. Here, we report a simple and convenient approach for the fabrication of semiconductor heterojunctions, which contains silicon nanomembranes and liquid metal printed gallium oxide. Large-area gallium oxide with controllable thickness can be formed on the top of silicon nanomembranes through spontaneous oxidation of printed liquid gallium. Facilitated by the complementary optoelectronic effects, various light sources with wavelengths covering the solar blind, visible, and near-infrared bands could effectively activate electron–hole pairs in the depletion region of the heterojunction, which can be further separated by the built-in potential. Therefore, the fabricated photodetector exhibits high optoelectronic performances, including broadband photodetection (255–980 nm), high responsivity (3.18 A/W), and detectivity (1.0 × 1013 Jones), good stability, fast response time (8/10 ms), and self-powered capability. This work adds to the portfolio of material strategies and fabrication process in high-performance, large-area broadband photodetection platforms.
Qualitative and quantitative hard-tissue MRI with portable Halbach scanners
Abstract To demonstrate the feasibility of performing in-vivo imaging and quantitative relaxation mapping of soft and hard tissues using a low-cost, portable MRI scanner, and to establish the methodological foundations for zero echo time (ZTE) imaging in systems subject to strong field inhomogeneities. A complete framework for artifact-mitigated ZTE imaging at low field was developed, including: (i) RF pulse pre/counter-emphasis calibration to minimize ring-down and electronics switching time; (ii) an extension of a recent single-point double-shot (SPDS) protocol for simultaneous $$B_0$$ and $$B_1$$ mapping; and (iii) a model-based reconstruction incorporating these field maps into the encoding matrix. ZTE imaging and variable flip angle (VFA) $$T_1$$ mapping were performed on phantoms and in-vivo human knees and ankles, and benchmarked against standard RARE and STIR acquisitions. The optimized PETRA sequence produced 3D images of knees and ankles in $$<15$$ min, revealing hard tissues such as ligaments, tendons, cartilage, and bone, usually not visible with standard sequences. The extended SPDS method was used for $$B_0$$ mapping, while the VFA approach provided the first in-vivo $$T_1$$ measurements of hard tissues at $$B_0<0.1$$ T. The proposed framework broadens the range of pulse sequences feasible in portable low-field MRI and demonstrates the potential of ZTE for quantitative and structural imaging of musculoskeletal tissues in affordable Halbach-based systems.
Spin Hall effect in DCA-based organic microcavities at room temperatre
Organic semiconductors have emerged as promising platforms for room-temperature exciton–polariton physics. However, the optical spin Hall effect (OSHE) has yet to be observed in real space within 9,10-dicyanoanthracene (DCA) organic crystals. Here, we report the OSHE in a DCA organic microcavity. The inherent crystalline anisotropy of DCA induces splitting Rashba–Dresselhaus-type photonic spin–orbit coupling in a Fabry–Pérot cavity. Angle-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy reveals a characteristic spin-dependent polarization texture in momentum space. Moreover, near-field optical tomography directly visualizes the transverse spatial separation of oppositely circularly polarized polariton components. These results constitute the first real-space observation of the OSHE in a DCA organic microcavity, highlighting its potential as a platform for room-temperature spin-polaritonic devices.
Development and validation of a radiomics-dosiomics model for predicting radiotherapy response in locally advanced, unresectable non-small cell lung cancer: a multi-center study
Regrowth-free blue GaN-based photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers with triangular air holes
We report the successful realization of a room-temperature blue GaN photonic crystal surface-emitting laser (PCSEL) diode fabricated using a regrowth-free approach. By employing a square lattice photonic crystal structure with modified triangular air holes, we achieve robust two-dimensional single-mode lasing. The device operates with a threshold current density of 5.2 kA/cm2 and emits a Gaussian-shaped beam with exceptionally low beam divergence, measured at 1.15 mrad (0.066°). Furthermore, the symmetry-breaking nature of the triangular air holes enforces a stable linear polarization perpendicular to the long edge of the triangle. This work demonstrates that high-beam-quality blue PCSELs can be achieved using non-regrowth fabrication processes with simple hole geometry, paving the way for high-performance blue laser sources.
A comparative study of diffusion-based reconstruction frameworks for photoacoustic tomography
Frustrated Brønsted Pairs: A Kind of Highly Active but Neglected Site in HZSM‐5 Zeolite
ABSTRACT Frustrated Lewis Pairs (FLPs) have been well‐established as highly efficient catalytic sites that function through electron transfer from Lewis base to Lewis acid coupled with substrate activation. Inspired by the catalytic mechanism of FLPs, we identify a previously overlooked pattern of frustrated brønsted pairs (FBPs) in HZSM‐5 zeolite, which function via a concerted proton transfer paradigm. This FBP active site comprises two conjugate structures whose interconversion drives swift hydrogen transfer in substrates, thereby enabling the highly efficient catalysis of a variety of hydrogen‐involved reactions and exhibiting unique dynamic behavior. Simulations of the methanol‐to‐hydrocarbons process, including isomerization, addition, decomposition, and substitution reactions, reveal that FBPs can dramatically smooth the free‐energy profile and reduce the energy span by nearly 1.00 eV. This work establishes the novel catalytic pattern of FBPs and uncovers its pivotal role in zeolite catalysis.
Spatially confined chloride passivation for efficient and stable green ZnSeTe quantum-dot light-emitting diodes
ZnSeTe quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) are attractive for cadmium-free green displays, but their performance is limited by surface-trap-assisted nonradiative recombination and interfacial instability. Herein, we report a spatially confined chloride-passivation strategy to improve both the efficiency and operational stability of green ZnSeTe QLEDs. Chloride ions introduced by ZnCl2 passivate under-coordinated surface sites of ZnSeTe quantum dots, while polyvinylpyrrolidone anchors the passivated surface and suppresses field-induced chloride migration. This synergistic treatment reduces the trap-state density in the emitting layer by more than 50% and improves interfacial charge recombination. The optimized devices achieve a maximum external quantum efficiency of 19.8% and a peak luminance of 32 933 cd m−2 at 6.0 V. More importantly, the operational lifetime reaches 188.9 h at an initial luminance of 1000 cd m−2, representing an approximately 60-fold enhancement over the untreated device. These results demonstrate that polymer-confined halide passivation is an effective interfacial engineering approach for efficient and stable cadmium-free ZnSeTe QLEDs.
Molecular detection and characterization of Parrot Bornavirus 4 (PaBV-4) in captive psittacine birds in India
Magnetization reversal mechanism of double-helix nanowires probed by dark-field magneto-optical Kerr effect
Double-helix (DH) nanowires provide a platform to study the influence of geometric chirality on spin chirality. Their three-dimensional (3D) helical architecture and tunable inter-strand coupling enable control of spin chirality, including the stabilization of topological 3D magnetic states such as helical domains and domain walls, topological stray fields, and extended helical vortex/skyrmion tubes. So far, the study of these and other 3D nanostructures is usually confined to a limited number of magnetic microscopy experiments in large facilities. Here, we investigate the reversal mechanism of a single DH nanowire using dark-field magneto-optical Kerr effect (DF-MOKE) magnetometry under external 3D magnetic fields. By analyzing the angular dependence of the DF-MOKE signal, we fit the reversal process using established models for domain-wall nucleation and propagation, finding a characteristic behavior similar to that reported for cylindrical nanowires. Micromagnetic simulations indicate that the reversal process goes through nucleation of the helical vortex tube in a curling manner, while ptychographic x-ray magnetic circular dichroism data reveal that this helical vortex tube state forms through a mixed nucleation-propagation process. These observations provide a consistent microscopic picture of reversal mediated by a helical vortex tube extending along the nanowire. Our work provides a comprehensive characterization of magnetization reversal in DH nanowires and demonstrates that DF-MOKE magnetometry is effective for probing reversal mechanisms in single 3D nanostructures. This lab-based approach expands the range of accessible experiments beyond large-scale facilities, enabling extensive exploration of the rich spin states supported by 3D nano-geometries.
E2C2AKA: enhanced ECC-based authentication and key agreement for securing communication in electric vehicle charging systems
Multi-line LiDAR 3D construction environment modeling and BIM consistency update method for digital twins
One‐Step Radical‐Intensified Selective Etching (RISE) Strategy for High‐Yield Synthesis of Monolayer MXene with Tailored Nanoholes
ABSTRACT MXenes have gathered immense scientific attention due to their unique combination of high electronic conductivity, hydrophilicity, and reduced dimensionality. While considerable advances in synthetic methodologies, achieving rapid, high‐yield production of dispersible monolayer MXenes with controllable in‐plane structure remains a daunting challenge. Herein, we report an ultrafast radical‐intensified selective etching (RISE) tactic that enables one‐step mild synthesis of monolayer Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene bearing customized in‐plane nanoholes with near‐quantitative etching efficiency (∼99.9%) within merely 3 h. By fine‐tuning the dosage of H 2 O 2 , which generates hydroxyl radicals ( · OH) in situ, defect‐lean monolayer MXene was made in a high yield of 81.6%. Liters of such colloidal dispersion of monolayer MXene were obtained within hours, which could be readily processed into conductive films with improved oxidation resistance. Mechanistic studies reveal that the RISE protocol follows a radical‐driven redox pathway fundamentally distinct from traditional proton‐mediated etching routes. As a proof of concept, holey MXene‐derived conductive films demonstrated an exceptional desalination capacity of 32.71 mg g −1 in capacitive deionization, outperforming most pure MXene‐based electrode materials. Our method can potentially revolutionize the prevailing wet chemical etching protocol used for a decade for yielding monolayer MXene and establishes a swift pathway toward customizable MXene architectures for energy and environmental applications.
Development of high-performance sustainable epoxy bio-composites reinforced with banana fibre and marine shell-derived calcium carbonate filler
Chirality‐Induced Spin Optimization in Lead‐Free Metal‐Halide Hybrids for High‐Performance Flexible X‐Ray Detectors
ABSTRACT Lead‐free metal‐halide hybrid x‐ray detectors are fundamentally limited by strong exciton localization and inefficient carrier transport, preventing their deployment in high‐sensitivity flexible imaging systems. Here we establish a chirality‐modulated spin‐engineering strategy that intrinsically overcomes these limitations by quantitatively linking molecular chirality, Rashba spin splitting, carrier transport, and detector performance in a chiral Bi/Sb metal‐halide hybrid series, ( S 1−r R r ‐CHEA) 4 (Bi 0.5 Sb 0.5 ) 2 I 10 (CHEA = 1‐cyclohexylethylamine), where the enantiomeric ratio functions as a continuous structural control parameter. Homochiral assemblies maximize inversion‐symmetry breaking, producing a giant Rashba coefficient up to 0.41 eV Å −1 and enabling long‐lived (> 1 ns) spin polarization that suppresses excitonic localization. As a result, the exciton binding energy decreases by 42% while the carrier mobility–lifetime product ( μτ ) increases fourfold, establishing an intrinsic spin‐modulated transport mechanism in lead‐free metal‐halide hybrids. Flexible detectors fabricated from the optimized homochiral composition exhibit deformation‐invariant x‐ray imaging with a record sensitivity of 8002 µC Gy −1 cm −2 , an ultralow detection limit of 75 nGy s −1 , and exceptional robust endurance under couples of stresses including thermal, humidity, mechanical, and irradiation. This work identifies molecular chirality as a programmable handle to control spin–orbit interactions and carrier dynamics, providing a general materials‐level strategy for high‐performance, environmentally benign radiation detectors and spin‐enabled optoelectronics.
Polyacrylamide hybridized double networks with polysaccharides and zinc oxide nanoparticles as a Novel approach for removing animal glue stain from paper manuscripts
Abstract Animal glue stains are commonly found in manuscripts, and their removal is a delicate process that requires selective treatment to avoid damaging the fragile cellulose fibers. Therefore, this study developed a novel hybrid double network hydrogel (HDNH) consisting of synthetic polymer (Polyacrylamide), natural polymers (Agarose or sodium alginate), and Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) for removing animal glue stains from paper manuscripts. The cleaning mechanism relies on the capillary HDNH to draw the aged animal glue into the gel matrix. To establish the suitability of this HDNH as a paper-cleaning material, the gels were first characterized physicochemically and microstructurally, and the HDNH formulation was confirmed. At the same time, mechanical, physicochemical, morphological, optical, and wettability techniques were performed on the paper samples under investigation, both before and after the cleaning treatment, to evaluate the HDNHs’ cleaning capabilities. The results show that the Polyacrylamide/Agarose/ZnONPs (HDNH/Ag/ZnONPs) provide superior performance in removing most of the accumulated glue layers while maintaining the structural and chemical integrity of the paper substrate. Agarose provides a very rigid, highly porous structure with a superior capacity to retain water, preventing the paper from becoming waterlogged. Polyacrylamide provides flexibility and mechanical durability, allowing the hydrogel to be peeled off in one piece.