Regrowth-free blue GaN-based photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers with triangular air holes

Z Zhiwei Sun (State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering) B Bolin Zhou (Suzhou Laboratory 1 , Suzhou 215123,) Y Yuzhen Zheng Y Yongchen Miao (Suzhou Laboratory 1 , Suzhou 215123,) X Xiaoqi Yu T Tong Xu J Junfei Wang (Suzhou Laboratory 1 , Suzhou 215123,) M Maoqing Ling (Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, the School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University 4 , Suzhou 215123,) X Xinrui Wang (State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies)) S Suman Xia (Suzhou Laboratory 1 , Suzhou 215123,) Z Zhi Liu (Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control) Z Zengcheng Li (Suzhou Ganbright Optoelectronic Technology Co., Ltd 5 ., Suzhou 215153,) P Pengyan Wen (Suzhou Laboratory 1 , Suzhou 215123,) W Wen Liu K Kanglin Xiong (Suzhou Laboratory 1 , Suzhou 215123,) J Jianping Liu H Huaibing Wang (Suzhou Laboratory 1 , Suzhou 215123,) H Hui Yang

Abstract

We report the successful realization of a room-temperature blue GaN photonic crystal surface-emitting laser (PCSEL) diode fabricated using a regrowth-free approach. By employing a square lattice photonic crystal structure with modified triangular air holes, we achieve robust two-dimensional single-mode lasing. The device operates with a threshold current density of 5.2 kA/cm2 and emits a Gaussian-shaped beam with exceptionally low beam divergence, measured at 1.15 mrad (0.066°). Furthermore, the symmetry-breaking nature of the triangular air holes enforces a stable linear polarization perpendicular to the long edge of the triangle. This work demonstrates that high-beam-quality blue PCSELs can be achieved using non-regrowth fabrication processes with simple hole geometry, paving the way for high-performance blue laser sources.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 128, Issue 24
Published June 15, 2026
ISSN 0003-6951
Publisher American Institute of Physics

Journal Info

Applied Physics Letters

American Institute of Physics

ISSN: 0003-6951 Physical Sciences

Authors (18)

Z

Zhiwei Sun

State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering

B

Bolin Zhou

Suzhou Laboratory 1 , Suzhou 215123,

Y

Yuzhen Zheng

Y

Yongchen Miao

Suzhou Laboratory 1 , Suzhou 215123,

X

Xiaoqi Yu

T

Tong Xu

J

Junfei Wang

Suzhou Laboratory 1 , Suzhou 215123,

M

Maoqing Ling

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, the School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University 4 , Suzhou 215123,

X

Xinrui Wang

State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies)

S

Suman Xia

Suzhou Laboratory 1 , Suzhou 215123,

Z

Zhi Liu

Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control

Z

Zengcheng Li

Suzhou Ganbright Optoelectronic Technology Co., Ltd 5 ., Suzhou 215153,

P

Pengyan Wen

Suzhou Laboratory 1 , Suzhou 215123,

W

Wen Liu

K

Kanglin Xiong

Suzhou Laboratory 1 , Suzhou 215123,

J

Jianping Liu

H

Huaibing Wang

Suzhou Laboratory 1 , Suzhou 215123,

H

Hui Yang