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Genomic profiling of pediococcus acidilactici BCB1H and identification of its key features for Biotechnological innovation, food technology and medicine
Tailoring CO<sub>2</sub> Adsorption Configuration with Spatial Confinement Switches Electroreduction Product from Formate to Acetate
Underwater image enhancement via multiscale disentanglement strategy
Sialylation Shields Glycoproteins from Oxidative Stress: Mechanistic Insights into Sialic Acid Oxidation and Structural Stability
A taguchi neural network–based optimization of a dual-port, dual-band MIMO antenna encompassing the 28/34 GHz millimeter wave regime
Abstract This study presents a novel printed antenna design that operates at the millimeter-wave frequencies of 28 and 34 GHz, which are crucial for the current and upcoming mobile communication generations. The radiating component in the antenna is a slot-etched rectangular ring that is fed through a stepped impedance microstrip line feed. Using advanced machine learning techniques, the design parameters of the suggested antenna have been fine-tuned to ensure optimal impedance matching at 28 GHz within the frequency range of 27.61–28.49 GHz. Additionally, the antenna also provides excellent impedance matching at 34.5 GHz within the frequency range of 33.61–34.27 GHz. Using the designated antenna, a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system with two ports is constructed. The MIMO system’s performance is evaluated by analyzing channel capacity loss (CCL), diversity gain (DG), and envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), which showcases outstanding outcomes. The study further explores the optimization of a antenna’s structure using a Taguchi-based Neural Network (Taguchi NN) approach to predict the reflection coefficient (|S11|) across a frequency range of 27–35 GHz. By systematically varying the gap width (∆w) and shift (∆t), a dataset was generated and used to train the network. The optimal model configuration achieved a validation Mean Square Error (MSE) of 2.244 and an R² of 0.848 enabling reliable prediction of the reflection coefficient (|S11|) without extensive simulations. The findings further highlight the construction and experimental assessment of a single-element antenna and MIMO system, which exhibit excellent impedance matching across both lower and higher frequency bands. The antenna displays a maximum gain of 8.75 and 5.5 dBi at frequencies of 28 and 34 GHz, respectively. The recommended antenna exhibits excellent radiation efficiency across both lower and higher frequency bands, with rates of 98.46% and 99.17%, respectively. In addition, the experimental measurements of the coupling coefficients between the MIMO antenna systems indicate extremely low coupling values. This results in an efficient MIMO system that is well-suited for future millimeter-wave (mm-wave) applications.
Accelerating Ion Desolvation via Bioinspired Ion Channel Design in Nonconcentrated Aqueous Electrolytes
Validation of SSDE calculation in a modern CT scanner and correlation with effective dose
Ligand-Governed Regio- and Enantioselective [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition of 1,7-Enynes: Assembly of the Benzo[<i>c</i>]chromen-1-ol Backbone and Access to Enantioenriched Cannabinol Bioisostere
Indoloindolizines: The Complete Story of a Polycyclic Aromatic Scaffold from Theoretical Design to Organic Field-Effect Transistor Applications
Core decompression assisted by multi-functional minimally invasive instruments for the treatment of early osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Abstract Core decompression is a common method for treating early osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). However, the surgical procedure is cumbersome due to the lack of appropriate surgical instruments. This study aims to modify surgical instruments to improve surgery efficiency. A total of 28 patients with early ONFH treated with the core decompression were enrolled. 13 cases were treated with new instruments and the other 15 cases were treated with the traditional methods. The convenience of the new instruments was evaluated by comparing evaluation indicators. The multi-functional instruments reduced the number of fluoroscopy, shorted the operation time, improved the delivery efficiency, reduced the intraoperative blood loss, and reduced the surgical incision compared with the traditional method (p < 0.05). The new instruments removed the healthy bone of the femoral head and neck for reuse, the overall hospitalization cost was lower, and patient satisfaction was higher (p < 0.05). In the postoperative follow-up, the VAS was lower and Harris score was higher compared with the traditional group (p < 0.05). The multi-functional instruments can achieve the advantages of accurate positioning of the necrotic area, removed and reused healthy bone, effective expanded decompression, and efficient implant delivery, which is the effective instrument for the early ONFH.
The Stereoselectivity of Neighboring Group-Directed Glycosylation Is Concentration-Dependent
Regulation of Mutant Huntingtin Mitochondrial Toxicity by Phosphomimetic Mutations within Its N-Terminal Region
Huntington's disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disease, affects approximately 30,000 people in the United States, with 200,000 more at risk. Mitochondrial dysfunction caused by mutant huntingtin (mHTT) drives early HD pathophysiology. mHTT binds the translocase of the mitochondrial inner membrane (TIM23) complex, inhibiting mitochondrial protein import and altering the mitochondrial proteome. The 17 aa HTT N-terminal sequence (N17) acts as a regulatory domain in HD pathogenesis; phosphomimetic modification of serines 13 and 16 of the N17 domain impacts subcellular localization and degradation and ameliorates toxicity in mouse and cell models of HD. Using cellular and mouse (either sex) HD models, we investigated the mechanisms by which HTT phosphorylation affects intracellular localization. We demonstrate that introducing phosphomimetic mutations within the mHTT fragment N17 domain decreased TIM23 binding affinity and reduced inhibition of mHTT-mediated mitochondrial protein import. BACHD-SD mice expressing full-length mHTT harboring the same two N17 phosphomimetic mutations have an ameliorated HD-like phenotype as compared with mice expressing mHTT. Consistent with reduced toxicity in vivo, we found that the amount of full-length mHTT in the brain mitochondria of BACHD-SD transgenic mice is less when the mHTT has two phosphomimetic mutations. To complement the relevance of the phosphomimetic HTT findings, endogenous N17 phospho-mHTT is less likely to translocate to the mitochondria compared with nonphosphorylated mHTT. We demonstrate that phosphorylation of mHTT at serines 13 and 16 is critical for negatively regulating mHTT mitochondrial targeting and that reducing mHTT mitochondrial localization and binding to TIM23 results in amelioration of mHTT-induced mitochondrial and neuronal toxicity.
Association between breast cancer risk factors and blood microbiome in patients with breast cancer
Abstract This study investigated the relationship between risk factors for breast cancer (BC) and the microbiome by comparing the microbiomes of BC patients with fatty liver disease to those with a normal liver. Bacterial extracellular vesicles were collected from each blood sample, and next-generation sequencing was performed. The analysis identified specific microbiome profiles shared among groups with hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, and high body mass index (BMI), which were then compared with functional biomarkers. In particular, the genus Faecalibacterium was a specific bacterium found in the groups with high concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high BMI, and fatty liver disease. Therefore, when the prognosis of patients with BC was analysed based on Faecalibacterium presence, it was confirmed that patients’ prognoses tended to deteriorate. In this study, BC risk factors, such as hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, fatty liver, and high BMI, were interconnected through the microbiome. This provides insights into how the risk factors for BC are linked and their impact on the microbiome and human health.