Browse Articles
Discover research articles across all indexed journals
Choice
In Situ Probing the Anion-Widened Anodic Electric Double Layer for Enhanced Faradaic Efficiency of Chlorine-Involved Reactions
Association between serum vitamin A and bone mineral density in adolescents
Electrocatalytic Ammonia Oxidation by Pyridyl-Substituted Ferrocenes
Social and non-social risk-taking in adolescence
Abstract The Social Risk Hypothesis of Depression proposes that individuals who perceive themselves as low in value to their social groups are at risk of developing depression. Behaviourally, lower self-perceived social value is proposed to reduce individuals’ propensity to take social risks to avoid further lowering their social worth. This is in contrast with adolescent-typical behaviour, which is characterised by heightened risk-taking in social contexts. The current study aimed to investigate how low self-perceived social value influences risk-taking in social compared to non-social contexts during adolescence. 114 adolescents (aged 12–23 years) completed the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) in individual and social contexts. The results showed that adolescents took more risks in social compared to individual contexts. Risk-taking across social and individual contexts also varied as a function of self-perceived social value. In older—but not younger—youth, lower self-perceived social value was associated with greater risk-taking in social compared to individual contexts. These findings suggest that self-perceived social value differentially influences social risk-taking across adolescence. In later youth, the heightened social risk-taking observed in individuals with low self-perceived social value aligns with developmental theories suggesting that risk-taking at this age serves to increase social rank and avoid social exclusion by peers.
Metal Doping Activation of Anion-Mediated Electron Transfer in Catalytic Reactions
MEMS vibrometer: Dynamic modeling of multimodal inertial transducers
Abstract Guided ultrasonic wave-based structural health monitoring utilizes propagating elastic waves to identify, locate, and characterize damage within aviation structures. Fiber metal laminates, which are composite materials made by layering metal sheets with fiber-reinforced polymers, combine the high strength of composites with the ductility and impact resistance of metals. However, structural health monitoring methods suitable for these materials have to be developed, allowing to monitor also the inner laminate layers. Therefore, laminate-embedded MEMS vibrometers have been introduced recently. Due to the quasi-free operation of these inertial sensors, they are directly sensitive to the displacement induced by propagating guided ultrasonic waves. However, the multimodal excitation of the sensor’s core resonator, when exposed to ultrasound bursts, leads to a pseudo-nonlinear sensor response, which is attributed to the spectrum of guided ultrasonic waves and their interference with higher harmonics of the continuum resonator. The transfer behavior of the sensor can be improved by implementing electrical mode suppression. This research involves analytically modeling the continuous resonator with multiple aggregated resonators, numerically simulating sensor responses to 100 kHz ultrasound bursts, and using a laser scanning micro vibrometer setup for experimental validation, providing a deeper understanding of MEMS vibrometer dynamics for ultrasonic monitoring and demonstrating their applicability.
Biosynthesis of Dothideomins Reveals a Fungal P450 That Constructs the Tricyclo[5.2.2.0.<sup>4,8</sup>]undecane-Imbedded Core Skeleton
Author Correction: Naja sputatrix Venom Preconditioning Attenuates Neuroinflammation in a Rat Model of Surgical Brain Injury via PLA2/5-LOX/LTB4 Cascade Activation
Machine Learning-Based SERS Chemical Space for Two-Way Prediction of Structures and Spectra of Untrained Molecules
Investigation of spinopelvic sagittal alignment and its correlations in asymptomatic pediatric populations
Rational Design of Aqueous Na Ion Batteries Toward High Energy Density and Long Cycle Life
The development of media truth discernment and fake news detection is related to the development of reasoning during adolescence
Abstract The spread of online fake news is emerging as a major threat to human society and democracy. Previous studies have investigated media truth discernment among adults but not among adolescents. Adolescents might face a greater risk of believing fake news, particularly fake news that is shared via social media, because of their vulnerabilities in terms of reasoning. In the present study, we investigated (1) the development of media truth discernment and the illusory truth effect from adolescence to adulthood and (2) whether the development of media truth discernment and the illusory truth effect are related to the development of reasoning ability. To accomplish this task, we recruited 432 adolescents aged 11 to 14 years as well as 132 adults. Participants were asked to rate the perceived accuracy of both real and fake news headlines. Participants were exposed to half of the news items before entering the rating phase. Finally, participants completed the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT). Media truth discernment (i.e., the difference between participants’ ratings of fake and real news) developed linearly with increasing age, and participants rated familiarized headlines as more accurate than novel headlines at all ages (i.e., the illusory truth effect). Finally, media truth development (but not the illusory truth effect) was related to the development of reasoning abilities with increasing age. Our findings highlight the urgent need to improve logical thinking among adolescents to help them detect fake news online.
Growth of Atomically Thin Metastable β-Tungsten in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Stable One-Dimensional Ferromagnets
Concept of a demand-response model for smart community construction: a case study in Ningbo, China
Strong Electron-Withdrawing Effect Activates Metal-Free Carboxylate Anion into Efficient Active Sites for Electrocatalytic Acetylene Semihydrogenation
Diagnostic limitations in advanced stage peripheral arterial disease in a cadaveric study comparing photon-counting and energy-integrating CT detectors
Abstract To evaluate the limits of 1st-generation dual-source photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT) and 3rd-generation dual-source energy-integrating-detector (EID-CT) regarding imaging of advanced stage peripheral arterial disease (ASPAD) of the femoral runoff. One human cadaver with ASPAD of the superficial femoral arteries was surgically prepared to establish continuous extracorporeal perfusion of the right upper leg. In addition to one stent already in place, three more stents were deployed in positions with severe calcification and stenosis to create thirteen different scenarios of ASPAD. CT angiographies with different radiation dose (CTDIvol 10, 5, 3 mGy) and matching convolution kernels were performed with PCD-CT and EID-CT. In-stent lumen visibility, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and luminal attenuation were assessed quantitatively. Results were compared using analyses of variance with a PCD-CT maximum dose and resolution scan (96 mGy, BV89) serving as standard of reference. Highest and lowest stent lumen visibility was observed with PCD-CT BV76 (97 ± 2%) and EID BV40 (77 ± 5%), respectively. Severe stent underexpansion in conjunction with heavy calcification resulted in the worst lumen visibility. PCD-CT displayed superior dose efficiency, yielding comparable SNR at 3 mGy to EID-CT at 10 mGy (p = 0.27). Luminal attenuation was higher for PCD-CT regardless of dose and reconstruction settings (max. 369 ± 19 HU, BV76, 5 mGy vs. 329 ± 12 HU for EID, BV59, 5 mGy; p < 0.001). PCD-CT realises substantially higher image quality than EID-CT, thereby enhancing assessment of the femoral vasculature in ASPAD. Furthermore, this indicates substantial radiation dose and contrast agent volume saving potential. Both scanners show limitations in very low luminal diameters.