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A modified measurement method for functional spinal unit ROM of cervical spine
Establishment & characterization of a non-adherent insect cell line for cultivated meat
What sparked the COVID pandemic? Mounting evidence points to raccoon dogs
Effects of nursing music intervention on cardiovascular patients transferred in advanced life support ambulances
Identification of potential susceptibility loci for non-small cell lung cancer through whole genome sequencing in circadian rhythm genes
How a junk-food splurge can change your brain activity
Association between multimorbidity and having less than 20 natural teeth among Chinese older adults: a cross-sectional study
Morphology of the maxilla informs about the type of predation strategy in the evolution of Abelisauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda)
Abstract Abelisauridae is a clade of theropods distinguished by short, ornamented skulls and strongly reduced forelimbs. They represented the most abundant predatory dinosaurs in Gondwana during the Cretaceous. Bolstered by biomechanical studies, the morphology of the skull and vertebral column of abelisaurids, have led researchers to hypothesize that Late Cretaceous forms were “specialized hunters.” Here, we use the morphology of the abelisaurid maxilla to test the inclusion of the Lower Cretaceous Spectrovenator within the specialized hunter category. Additionally, we analyze the diversity and disparity of the abelisaurid maxilla in a macroevolutionary context. We quantified the maxillary shape in 17 taxa using 2D geometric morphometrics and analyzed different evolutionary scenarios and trends with phylogenetic comparative methods. The results of all the analyses (phylogenetic ordination methods, Z, and R2 comparison in phylogenetic generalized least squares, model selection, and estimated taxa-removal analysis) suggest that the hunter specialization appeared during the Early Cretaceous, revealing that Cretaceous abelisaurids can be considered specialist hunters. High levels of morphological disparity in the maxilla occurred shortly after the Cenomanian-Turonian faunistic turnover, which involved drastic changes in the South American terrestrial faunal assemblages. Moreover, the high evolutionary rates of the maxillary shape change in Abelisauridae support a shift in ecological pressures or socio-sexual mechanisms, which were the main drivers of the evolution of the clade rostrum. Our study invites to analyze more osteological elements of the abelisaurid skull under a quantitative macroevolutionary framework to test our results more comprehensively.
Stories of people, past, present and future: Books in brief
Ultra tough and high resilience mechanochromic fibres for real world stress detection
The RNA-binding protein LARP6 regulates the alternative splicing of related genes in MDA-MB-231 cells
Oxidative phosphorylation is a key feature of neonatal monocyte immunometabolism promoting myeloid differentiation after birth
Abstract Neonates primarily rely on innate immune defense, yet their inflammatory responses are usually restricted compared to adults. This is controversially interpreted as a sign of immaturity or essential programming, increasing or decreasing the risk of sepsis, respectively. Here, combined transcriptomic, metabolic, and immunological studies in monocytes of healthy individuals reveal an inverse ontogenetic shift in metabolic pathway activities with increasing age. Neonatal monocytes are characterized by enhanced oxidative phosphorylation supporting ongoing myeloid differentiation. This phenotype is gradually replaced during early childhood by increasing glycolytic activity fueling the inflammatory responsiveness. Microbial stimulation shifts neonatal monocytes to an adult-like metabolism, whereas ketogenic diet in adults mimicking neonatal ketosis cannot revive a neonate-like metabolism. Our findings disclose hallmarks of innate immunometabolism during healthy postnatal immune adaptation and suggest that premature activation of glycolysis in neonates might increase their risk of sepsis by impairing myeloid differentiation and promoting hyperinflammation.
Hybrid metaheuristic optimization for detecting and diagnosing noncommunicable diseases
Uncovering dynamic transcriptional regulation of methanogenesis via single-cell imaging of archaeal gene expression
Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the trends of care-seeking behavior for ocular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Energy filtering enables macromolecular MicroED data at sub-atomic resolution
Abstract High-resolution information is important for accurate structure modeling but is challenging to attain in macromolecular crystallography due to the rapid fading of diffracted intensities at increasing resolution. While direct electron detection essentially eliminates the read-out noise during MicroED data collection, other sources of noise remain and limit the measurement of faint high-resolution reflections. Inelastic scattering significantly contributes to noise, raising background levels and broadening diffraction peaks. We demonstrate a substantial improvement in signal-to-noise ratio by using energy filtering to remove inelastically scattered electrons. This strategy results in sub-atomic resolution MicroED data from proteinase K crystals, enabling the visualization of detailed structural features. Interestingly, reducing the noise further reveals diffuse scattering that may hold additional structural information. Our findings suggest that combining energy filtering and direct detection provides more accurate measurements at higher resolution, facilitating precise model refinement and improved insights into protein structure and function.
Early warning method for charging thermal runaway of electric vehicle lithium-ion battery based on charging network
Monitoring mRNA vaccine antigen expression in vivo using PET/CT
A multi-point calibration method for electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) of indium in sphalerite (ZnS)
Abstract This article presents a multi-point calibration approach for electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) for the trace element analysis of indium in sphalerite (ZnS). To define a multi-point calibration curve, indium and cadmium-doped ZnS crystals in a concentration range from 0 (blank) to ~ 1500 µg / g were used. The samples were measured with two different analytical settings (25 kV acceleration voltage and 100 nA beam current as well as 7 kV and 200 nA). The figures of merit including, beam stability, lower limit of detection and limit of quantification as well as the reproducibility and precision are assessed. Equally, the line overlap of Cd and chemical shift due to non-matrix matched standards is discussed. The multi-point calibration approach results in a 2–3 times improved analytical precision compared to the classical calibration approach using only one calibration sample, and detection limits down to about 20 µg / g were achieved.