Browse Articles

Improved conversion of carbon dioxide to methane via photohydrogenation using Gd2NiMnO6 with a dendritic fibrous architecture

Hydrocephalus in primary brainstem hemorrhage risk predictors and management

A novel cobalt oxide nanoparticle conjugated with ellagic acid arrests the cell cycle in human liver cancer cell line

Blood cancer prediction model based on deep learning technique

Abstract Blood cancer is among the critical health concerns among people around the world and normally emanates from genetic and environmental issues. Early detection becomes essential, as the rate of death associated with it is high, to ensure that the rate of treatment success is up, and mortality reduced. This paper focuses on improving blood cancer diagnosis using advanced deep learning techniques like ResNetRS50, RegNetX016, AlexNet, Convnext, EfficientNet, Inception_V3, Xception, and VGG19. Among the models assessed, ResNetRS50 had better accuracy and speed with minimal error rates compared with other state-of-the-arts. This work will exploit the power of ResNetRS50 in contributing to early detection and reducing bad outcomes for blood cancer patients. Blood cancer is currently one of the deadliest diseases worldwide, resulting from a combination of genetic and non-genetic factors. It stands as a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in both developed and developing nations. Early detection of cancer is pivotal in reducing mortality rates, as it increases the likelihood of successful treatment and potential cure. The objective is to decrease mortality rates through early diagnosis of blood cancer, thus offering individuals a better chance of survival from this disease.

Illuminating the impact of CD38-induced adenosine formation in B-cell lymphoma

Abstract The expression of CD38 by cancer cells may mediate an immune-suppressive effect by producing Extracellular Adenosine (ADO) acting through G-protein-coupled cell surface receptors on cellular components and tumor cells. This can increase PD-1 expression and interaction with PD-L1, suppressing CD8 + cytotoxic T cells. This study examines the impact of heightened CD38 expression and extracellular ADO on various hematological and clinical parameters in patients with mature B-cell lymphoma, alongside their correlation with the soluble counterparts of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. Our study was conducted on 90 patients, CD38-positive and CD38-negative (measured by flow cytometry), with mature B-cell lymphoma divided into CLL and B-NHL subtypes. Their serum ADO, soluble PD-1, and PD-L1 levels were measured using a sandwich ELISA. Our study revealed a positive correlation between CD38 expression, sADO, sPD-1, and sPD-L1 in mature B-cell lymphoma patients. CD38-positive patients had higher sADO, sPD-1, and sPD-L1 levels. Higher CD38 expression and extracellular ADO negatively affected HB level and PLT count and positively correlated with the higher risk stratification in mature B-cell lymphoma patients. This study explored the potential impact of CD38 expression and elevated extracellular ADO on B-cell lymphoma alongside their link with the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. Our findings underscore the influence of extracellular ADO on the neoplastic process of mature B-cell lymphoma. We also propose targeting the CD38-induced-ADO formation pathway, which could serve as a promising therapeutic immune target with multifaceted effects within mature B-cell neoplasms.

The known genetic variants of BRCA1, BRCA2 and NOD2 in pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer risk assessment

Efficient adsorptive removal of Congo Red dye using activated carbon derived from Spathodea campanulata flowers

Abstract This report investigates the preparation, characterization, and application of activated carbon derived from Spathodea campanulata flowers (SCAC) to remove Congo Red (CR) dye from aqueous streams. SCAC was synthesized using orthophosphoric acid activation which yielded a mesoporous material with a specific surface area of (986.41 m2/g), significantly exceeding values reported for flower-derived activated carbons in the available literature. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) image revealed an irregular, rough surface morphology pre-adsorption, which became smoother post-adsorption, indicating successful CR attachment. Elemental analysis through energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed an increase in carbon content and the appearance of sulfur, verifying CR uptake. Adsorption kinetics obeyed the pseudo-second-order equation, signifying chemisorption, while the equilibrium dataset fitted better to the Langmuir model, with R2 of 0.9944, suggesting a monolayer adsorption mechanism with a maximum adsorption capacity of 59.27 mg/g. Thermodynamic analysis revealed spontaneous and endothermic adsorption process. Desorption studies showed methanol as the most effective desorbing agent, with SCAC retaining considerable adsorption capacity across six cycles, highlighting its reusability. In tests with real water matrices, SCAC demonstrated significantly higher removal efficiency in natural waters than control, suggesting enhanced adsorption in complex matrices. These findings underscore the practical applicability of SCAC in real-world wastewater treatment, offering a promising solution for large-scale industrial applications.

The integration of self-efficacy and response-efficacy in decision making

Substituted piperazine conjugated to quinoline-thiosemicarbazide as potent α-glucosidase inhibitors to target hyperglycemia

Honesty threshold affects individuals’ resistance to monetary temptations

Investigating misclassification of type 1 diabetes in a population-based cohort of British Pakistanis and Bangladeshis using polygenic risk scores

Foot trajectory as a key factor for diverse gait patterns in quadruped robot locomotion

The effect of the use of omeprazole versus famotidine on the kidney transplant function: a randomized controlled study

Effects of high-intensity training on jumping performance among athletes: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Usefulness of body composition assessment by bioelectrical impedance vector analysis in subacute post-stroke patients in rehabilitation

Major individual and regional variations in unit entrainment by oscillations of different frequencies

Direct TiH2 powder production by the reduction of TiO2 using Mg in Ar and H2 mixed gas atmosphere

Prognostic impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on short-term and long-term outcomes following coronary artery bypass grafting

Investigating heavy quarkonia binding in an anisotropic-dense quark-gluon plasma with topological defects in the framework of fractional non-relativistic quark model

Abstract The quark-gluon plasma analysis relies on the heavy quark potential, which is influenced by the anisotropic plasma parameter $$(\xi ),$$ ( ξ ) , temperature (t), and baryonic chemical potential (μ). Employing the generalized fractional derivative Nikiforov-Uvarov (GFD-NU) method, we solved the topologically-fractional Schrödinger equation. Two scenarios were explored: the classical model (α = β = 1) and the fractional model (α, β < 1). This allowed us to obtain the binding energy of charmonium $$(c\bar{c})$$ ( c c ¯ ) and bottomonium $$(b\bar{b})$$ ( b b ¯ ) in the 1p state. The presence of the topological defect leads to a splitting between the np and nd states. While increasing the temperature reduces the binding energy, increasing the anisotropic parameter has the opposite effect. Compared to the classical model, the fractional model yields lower binding energies. Additionally, the binding energy further decreases with increasing topological defect parameter, and the influence of the baryonic chemical potential is negligible. We also obtained the wave function for the p-state of charmonium and bottomonium. Here, increasing the anisotropic parameter shifts the wave function to higher values. Moreover, the wave function is lower in the fractional model compared to the classical model. Increasing the topological defect parameter again increases the wave function, while the baryonic chemical potential has no discernible effect.

The global, regional, and national patterns of change in the burden of bacterial pyoderma from 1990 to 2019 and the forecast for the next decade

Abstract Pyoderma, commonly known as impetigo, is a bacterial skin infection causing pus formation, prevalent globally, especially in resource-poor areas. It affects both children and adults, including those with conditions like diabetes. Despite its significant impact and economic burden, research on its global epidemiology is limited. This study aims to address this gap by analyzing pyoderma trends from 1990 to 2019 using GBD data. The study aims to analyze global trends in pyoderma epidemiology from 1990 to 2019 using GBD data. Specifically, it investigates Age-Standardized Incidence Rate (ASIR), Mortality Rate (ASMR), and Disability-Adjusted Life Years Rate (ASDR) across 204 countries. Additionally, it provides insights into demographic and socioeconomic factors influencing pyoderma prevalence. Furthermore, it forecasts pyoderma’s development trends for the next decade to inform public health strategies. Data were sourced from the GBD 2019 database, comprising various sources such as censuses, surveys, and registries. Estimates for pyoderma incidence, mortality, and DALYs, along with their 95% uncertainty intervals (UI), were retrieved. The Sociodemographic Index (SDI) was used to assess socioeconomic status, and statistical calculations were performed using the WHO Health Equity Assessment Toolkit and R software (v4.3.2). From 1990 to 2019, the Age-Standardized Incidence Rate (ASIR) and Age-Standardized Mortality Rate (ASMR) of impetigo increased, while the Age-Standardized Disability-Adjusted Life Years Rate (ASDR) declined. Significant global geographical heterogeneity persists, closely associated with the Sociodemographic Index (SDI). Children under 5 and the elderly are particularly at risk, with lower SDI nations bearing higher burdens. Population growth and aging contribute to this rise, with disparities in impetigo trends persisting among countries and regions with varying SDI levels, expected to continue until 2030. Pyoderma exhibits significant heterogeneity across age, gender, and geography, with pronounced disparities evident in underdeveloped regions or countries. Therefore, prioritizing policy formulation and implementing tailored prevention and treatment strategies for high-risk populations are imperative to alleviate the disease burden effectively. Such targeted approaches are crucial in addressing the global impact of pyoderma.