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Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application rate on lodging resistance for rice (Oryza sativa L.) stem
In-silico screening and analysis of missense SNPs in human CYP3A4/5 affecting drug-enzyme interactions of FDA-approved COVID-19 antiviral drugs
Abstract Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) represent the prevailing form of genetic variations observed in the human population. Such variations could alter the encoded enzymes’ activities. CYP3A4/5 enzymes are involved in metabolizing drugs, notably antivirals against SARS-CoV-2. In this work, we computationally investigated antiviral-enzyme interactions of CYP3A4/5 genetic variants. We also examined the deleterious impact of 751 missense single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the CYP3A4/5 genes. An ensemble of bioinformatics tools, [SIFT, PolyPhen-2, cadd, revel, metaLr, mutation assessor, Panther, SNP&GO, PhD-SNP, SNAP, Meta-SNP, FATHMM, I-Mutant, MuPro, INPS, CONSURF, GPS 5.0, MusiteDeep and NetPhos], identified a total of 94 variants (47 SNPs in CYP3A4, 47 SNPs in CYP3A5) to potentially impact the structural integrity as well as the activity of the CYP3A4/5 enzymes. Molecular docking was done to recognize the structural stability and binding properties of the CYP3A4/5 protein isoforms with 3 FDA-approved antiviral drugs. Our findings indicated that the CYP3A4 gene variants; R418T, I335T and R130P and the CYP3A5 gene variants; I335T, L133P and R130Q are considered the most deleterious missense SNPs. These mutants potentially affect drug-enzyme binding and hence may alter therapeutic response. Cataloguing deleterious SNPs is essential for personalized gene-based pharmacotherapy.
3D modelling and simulation of thermal effects and dispersion of particles carrying infectious respiratory agents in a railway transport coach
Synthesis and evaluation of amino acid ionic liquid for enhanced oil recovery: experimental and modeling simulation studies
Abstract Recovering the remaining oil after primary and secondary extraction methods poses a significant challenge. Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques, which involve injecting fluids into reservoirs, aim to increase recovery rates. Ionic liquids, known for their adaptability, are emerging as promising agents in EOR, improving oil displacement by reshaping fluid properties and interacting with reservoir rocks. This study investigates the eco-friendly amino acid ionic liquid, AAIL [G0.5 C12][Pro], for EOR applications, focusing on its characterization and performance. Using pre-prepared quaternary ammonium salt PAMAM G0.5 C12 and proline, AAIL [G0.5 C12][Pro] was synthesized and confirmed via FTIR and 1H-NMR analyses. Rheological analysis identified 7 g of AAIL [G0.5 C12][Pro] as the optimal concentration for peak performance. Laboratory sand-pack displacement experiments demonstrated an 11% increase in oil recovery at this concentration. Further, a 3D reservoir model simulation validated the enhanced oil recovery potential of AAIL [G0.5 C12][Pro]. The study introduces the novel amino acid ionic liquid [G0.5 C12][Pro], which demonstrates superior effectiveness in enhancing oil recovery through significant wettability modification and interfacial tension reduction, underscoring its potential as an effective and environmentally friendly EOR agent compared to other ionic liquids and conventional methods.
Predicting EV battery state of health using long short term degradation feature extraction and FEA TimeMixer
A study on hybrid-architecture deep learning model for predicting pressure distribution in 2D airfoils
Author Correction: Treadmill training improves lung function and inhibits alveolar cell apoptosis in spinal cord injured rats
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of solitary rectal ulcer syndrome: a retrospective analysis of 36 case
Abstract The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical, laboratory, and histological characteristics of solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) and assess the outcomes associated with various management strategies. This retrospective observational study was conducted at Giresun Education and Research Hospital. This study included patients diagnosed with SRUS between January 2020 and January 2024. Demographic information, clinical presentation, primary diagnosis, and laboratory parameters were obtained from electronic medical records. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, and the chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables. A total of 36 patients diagnosed with SRUS were included, with the majority being male (80.6%), and the mean age of participants was 75.6 years. Hematochezia was identified as the most common initial symptom (61.1%), followed by abdominal pain (16.7%) and constipation (11.1%). Laboratory findings revealed significant abnormalities, including mean hemoglobin levels of 10.0 ± 2.4 g/dL and mean CRP levels of 56.7 ± 65.4 mg/L. Histopathological analysis showed that 38.9% of patients had normal biopsy results, whereas inflammation and dysplasia were observed in 41.7% and 2.8% of cases, respectively. Additionally, a statistically significant difference in age was observed between the patients presenting with different initial symptoms (p = 0.028). The study also found that biopsy results varied significantly across symptom groups (p = 0.012), and although differences in hemoglobin and hematocrit levels across biopsy groups were noted, they were not statistically significant. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of SRUS, emphasizing the importance of detailed clinical and laboratory evaluation. Hematochezia emerged as the most prevalent symptom, and ulcerative colitis was identified as the primary diagnosis. Significant associations were observed between various clinical parameters and patient outcomes, highlighting the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach in managing SRUS.
Endometriosis does not impact aneuploidy rates of products of conception in IVF population
A deep learning based detection algorithm for anomalous behavior and anomalous item on buses
Metabolomic characteristics of cord blood from neonates with hyperkalemia after antenatal exposure to ritodrine and magnesium sulfate
Intestinal schistosomiasis in remote areas of Southwest Ethiopia, a target region for large-scale mass drug administration
Janus graphene nanoribbons with localized states on a single zigzag edge
Bland–Altman plot to assess the consistency of arterial and venous blood lactate in the emergency room: a retrospective cohort study
Fractional tackles: leveraging player tracking data for within-play tackling evaluation in American football
Abstract Tackling is a fundamental defensive move in American football, with the main purpose of stopping the forward motion of the ball-carrier. However, current tackling metrics are manually recorded outcomes that are inherently flawed due to their discrete and subjective nature. Using player tracking data, we present a novel framework for assessing tackling contribution in a continuous and objective manner. Our approach first identifies when a defender is in a “contact window” of the ball-carrier during a play, before assigning value to each window and the players involved. This enables us to devise a new metric called fractional tackles, which credits defenders for halting the ball-carrier’s forward motion toward the end zone. We demonstrate that fractional tackles overcome the shortcomings of traditional metrics such as tackles and assists, by providing greater variation and measurable information for players lacking recorded statistics like defensive linemen. We view our contribution as a significant step forward in measuring defensive performance in American football and a clear demonstration of the capabilities of player tracking data.
What will viruses do next? AI is helping scientists predict their evolution
Integrated analysis of cellulose structure and properties using solid-state low-field H-NMR and photoacoustic spectroscopy
Abstract In this study, we explore the structural intricacies of cellulose, a polymer composed of glucose monomers arranged in a linear chain, primarily investigated through solid-state NMR techniques. Specifically, we employ low-field proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR) to delve into the diverse hydrogen atom types within the cellulose molecule. The low-field H-NMR technique allows us to discern these hydrogen atoms based on their distinct chemical shifts, providing valuable insights into the various functional groups present in cellulose. Our focus extends to the examination of anomeric protons of glucose units and protons linked to carbon atoms engaged in glycosidic linkages within cellulose chains, which exist in diverse crystalline and amorphous forms. Solid-state low-field H-NMR spectroscopy aids in characterizing the crystallinity degrees and amorphous regions within cellulose, revealing time-dependent changes in free induction decay (FID) signals. Complementing this, we investigate the photo-absorption properties of cellulose fibers under both continuous and modulated irradiation using reversed double-beam photoacoustic spectroscopy (RDB-PAS). This photoacoustic approach allows us to observe ultraviolet- and visible light-induced processes, including electron trap filling and reductive changes on the fiber surface. Our findings suggest that RDB-PAS is a feasible method for estimating the electron trap distribution, serving as a potential measure of the density of crystalline cellulose defects. This integrated approach of combining solid-state low-field H-NMR and RDB-PAS techniques offers a comprehensive understanding of cellulose structure and properties, enhancing our ability to characterize its diverse features.
New Silurian aculiferan fossils reveal complex early history of Mollusca
Abstract Mollusca is the second most species-rich animal phylum, but the pathways of early molluscan evolution have long been controversial1–5. Modern faunas retain only a fraction of the past forms in this hyperdiverse and long-lived group. Recent analyses6–8 have consistently recovered a fundamental split into two sister clades, Conchifera (including gastropods, bivalves and cephalopods) and Aculifera9, comprising Polyplacophora (‘chitons’) and Aplacophora. Molluscan evolution in toto is characterized by plasticity in body-plan characters10, but historically aculiferans have been interpreted as more conservative10,11. The few completely preserved aculiferan or aculiferan-like fossils from the early Palaeozoic12–19 have been largely regarded as transitional forms that inform questions of character polarity between the extant polyplacophoran and aplacophoran body forms20,21. The history of early aculiferans, and the morphological and ecological range that they occupied, remain inadequately sampled. Here we describe two new three-dimensionally preserved aculiferan species from the Silurian Herefordshire Lagerstätte22,23, which substantially extend the morphological and ecological range of the clade. Phylogenetic analyses indicate positions within a complex nexus of taxa and suggest reversals in the states of fundamental characters such as the presence of valves and the nature of the foot. In contrast to previous hypotheses of morphological conservatism, evolution in early aculiferans generated a profusion of unusual forms comparable to the diversification of other crown-group molluscs.