Browse Articles

Experimental and computational approach on the corrosion inhibition properties of two newly pyrazole derivatives on carbon steel in acid medium

Author Correction: Impact of standard and long-lasting ivermectin formulations in cattle and buffalo on wild Anopheles survival on Sumba Island, Indonesia

Mitochondrial dysfunction-driven AMPK-p53 axis activation underpins the anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effects of sulfane sulfur

Resistance-breaking strains of tomato spotted wilt virus hamper photosynthesis and protein synthesis pathways in a virus accumulation-dependent manner in Sw5-carrying tomatoes

Abstract Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV; Orthotospovirus tomatomaculae) is one of the major horticultural threats due to its worldwide distribution and broad host range. In Italy, TSWV is widely spread in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) crops and causes severe yield losses. In the last decades, several tomato varieties carrying the Sw-5b gene for resistance to TSWV have been released. We investigated the interaction between Sw-5b-carrying tomatoes and Sw5-Resistance-Breaking (SRB) TSWV to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance breakage. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) was used to analyze 18 tomato leaf samples collected from a field crop naturally infected by SRB TSWV in Italy. An increase in virus accumulation level in leaf tissues (titer) resulted in a higher number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), ranging from 33 to 44% of the whole transcriptome, when the samples with the lowest and the highest virus titer were compared to the asymptomatic sample, respectively. Photosynthesis and protein biosynthesis were the main down-regulated biological processes, while enzyme families such as oxidoreductases and transferases, genes related to the response to biotic stimuli, solute transport, and vesicle trafficking were overall up-regulated. Remarkably, the expression of around 45% of genes (ca. 14000) of the whole transcriptome was significantly (P < 0.05) correlated (positively or negatively) to the virus titer, and in 6% of cases (about 2000 genes) the correlation was high (i.e., absolute value of R2 > 0.85). This phenomenon was also verified on 15 genes by a quantitative reverse transcription PCR assay on a greenhouse experiment with a different Sw-5b-tomato variety artificially inoculated with another SRB TSWV strain. In conclusion, the tomato transcriptome was considerably rearranged upon TSWV infection, with deregulation of photosynthesis, protein biosynthesis, and induction of defense pathways. Finally, this research demonstrated that the magnitude of transcriptional changes was proportional to the virus accumulation level in the leaves.

Remote sensing image dehazing using a wavelet-based generative adversarial networks

Influence of interface sawtooth angle on the shear behavior of cement mortar coal composite structure

Comparative study of degree, neighborhood and reverse degree based indices for drugs used in lung cancer treatment through QSPR analysis

A hybrid deep learning air pollution prediction approach based on neighborhood selection and spatio-temporal attention

Spin Chains with Highly Quantum Character through Strong Covalency in Ca₃CrN₃

Molecular Orbital Tuning of Pentacene-Based Organic Semiconductors through <i>N</i>-Ethynylation of Dihydrodiazapentacene

MXenes as Heterogeneous Thermal Catalysts: Regioselective Anti-Markovnikov Hydroamination of Terminal Alkynes with 10² h^–1 Turnover Frequencies

Molecular Phosphide Complexes of Zirconium

In Situ Conversion of Atherosclerotic Plaques’ Iron into Nanotheranostics

Electrostatic and Electronic Effects on Doped Nickel Oxide Nanofilms for Water Oxidation

Nucleation and Growth of Monodisperse and Monocrystalline Wurtzite CdSe Nanocrystals: Zinc Alkanoates as Neutral Ligands

An Open-Shell Fe ^IV Nitrido

C2-Selective Palladium-Catalyzed C–S Cross-Coupling of 2,4-Dihalopyrimidines

An Icosahedral 55-Atom Iron Hydride Cluster Protected by Tri-<i>tert</i>-butylphosphines

Hyperconjugation Engineering of π-Extended Azaphosphinines for Designing Tunable Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters

Unraveling Various Stacking Modes and Local Structures in Poly(triazine imide) Materials via Low-Dose Electron Microscopy