Browse Articles

Ion-Specific Effects under Electric Fields on Ice Nucleation at the Mica Surface

A steel surface defect detection method based on improved RetinaNet

Supramolecular Diodes with Donor–Acceptor Interactions

Temporal and spatial self supervised learning methods for electrocardiograms

Luminescent Cerium(III) Complexes with Poly(mercaptoimidazolyl)borate: A New Emitter Based on S-Coordinating Ligands

Dimensional accuracy of additive and subtractive manufactured ceramic-reinforced hybrid composite inlays: a CBCT-based in vitro study

Microsoft builds AI that creates ‘impressive’ video-game worlds

Retraction of “Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT)-Mediated Remote Desaturation Enabled by Fe/Cr–H Cooperative Catalysis”

An ideally designed deep trust network model for heart disease prediction based on seagull optimization and Ruzzo Tompa algorithm

Photosensitized Gold-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings of Aryl Bromides

A longitudinal study of dietary inflammatory index and quality of life in people with osteoarthritis: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative database

Light-Induced Increase in Bond Strength─from Chalcogen Bond to Three-Electron σ Bond upon Excitation

Fecal microbiota and genetics in pediatric-onset orofacial granulomatosis and Crohn´s disease

Abstract Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) is a rare chronic inflammatory condition. It is under debate, whether it is a condition of its own or merely a subtype of Crohn’s disease (CD). We aimed to search for markers characteristic of patients with pediatric-onset OFG compared to patients with pediatric-onset CD. We recruited young patients with OFG (with or without CD, n = 29), CD (n = 24), and healthy controls (n = 20). All participants provided a fecal sample for microbiota and calprotectin analyses and saliva for DNA analysis of genes associated with OFG and kept a 3-day food diary. Oral disease activity was evaluated using The Oral Disease Activity Score by an otorhinolaryngologist and a dentist. We observed decreased relative abundance in class Clostridia and increased relative abundances of classes Actinobacteria and Bacilli in the feces of patients with OFG when compared to patients with CD and healthy controls. The relative abundances of Bifidobacterium adolescentis increased and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii decreased along with the increase in the Oral Disease Activity Score. We found the NOD2 gene rs8057341 allele A to be enriched in patients with OFG compared to patients with CD. These findings support the theory that OFG is a distinct disease phenotype.

Architecting Metal–Organic Frameworks at Molecular Level toward Direct Air Capture

Efficient multilayer near-infrared micro-bottle laser pumped by a 532 nm nanosecond laser

Convergent Total Synthesis of Aleutianamine

Enhanced therapeutic efficacy of Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker in females through sex-specific metabolomic-pharmacodynamic divergence

Abstract Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker (ESW), a medicinal insect used in traditional Chinese medicine, is renowned for its effects on blood circulation, stasis resolution, and bone and tendon healing. The underlying reasons for the clinical preference for female ESW remain unclear. Previous investigations were limited in scope, focusing narrowly on female specimens, large-molecule compounds, and single pharmacological effect. This study systematically compared female and male ESW in terms of composition and therapeutic efficacy. Metabolomics identified 31 compound types in both female and male ESW, including lipids, amino acids, and fatty acids. Female ESW exhibited significantly higher levels of 8 bioactive compounds, 15 small peptides, and 13 prostaglandins compared to male ESW, which contribute to immunity enhancement, antithrombotic effects, and improved bone metabolism. These differences may underlie the superior medicinal efficacy of female ESW. In the thrombosis model, ESW can cause vasodilation, reduce blood cell aggregation and thrombosis rate of mice tails. It also improved t-PA levels, prolonged APTT, and enhanced hepatic SOD activity, with female ESW showing stronger effects on MDA and D2D levels, indicating its stronger ability to protect cells from damage and fibrinolytic effect. In the osteoporosis model, ESW increased femur length, liver, and thymus indices while regulating serum BALP and Mg levels. Female ESW notably reduced TRACP-5b, OT/BGP, P, and Cu to normal levels, indicating its stronger ability to improved bone metabolism, corrected disturbances in calcium-phosphorus metabolism, and regulated serum inorganic elements. Overall, female ESW exhibited a greater abundance of bioactive components and demonstrated superior anti-thrombotic and anti-osteoporotic effects. These findings highlight the superior therapeutic effects of female ESW due to its enriched bioactive components, supporting its clinical preference while underscoring the potential of male ESW for uilization of resource.

Ketenimines as Aza-Dienophiles

Multiphysical characterization for predicting compressive strength of Portland cement concrete using synthetic aperture radar, ultrasonic testing, and rebound hammer

Abstract Portland cement concrete (PCC) is a versatile and widely used construction material renowned for its strength and durability. The mechanical properties of PCC, including compressive strength, flexural strength, and splitting tensile strength, play a pivotal role in ensuring the safety and sustainability of structures such as buildings, bridges, and dams. Traditionally, the determination of PCC’s compressive strength involves destructive testing of standard-size concrete cylinders until they fail. While nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques are available for assessing these properties, they often require direct contact between the sensor and the concrete surface, making them less efficient and practical compared to remote sensing techniques. In this paper, three NDE techniques were applied for estimating the mechanical properties of concrete, including synthetic aperture radar (SAR), ultrasonic testing (UT), and a rebound hammer (RH). A total of 48 laboratory concrete cylinders (diameter = 3", height = 6") were manufactured. These cylinders were created with different water-to-cement ratios (0.4, 0.45, 0.5, and 0.55) with a mix design ratio of 1:2:3 for cement: sand: gravel (by mass). Before these cylinders were tested by destructive compression test, they were measured by three NDE techniques. A 10 GHz SAR system, a 54 kHz UT system, and a RH sensor were used to inspect those cylinders at different concrete ages (7, 14, 28, and 96 days). From our result, the performance ranking among three NDE techniques was individually UT, SAR, and RH. When combining two NDE techniques, SAR with UT delivered the best performance. Multiphysical NDE (SAR with UT) outperformed uniphysical NDE (UT with RH) on the prediction of compressive strength of concrete, with a highest R 2 value of 0.9918. This research demonstrates the promising potential of multiphysical NDE for other engineering problems.

Acrolein-Mediated Conversion of Lysine to Electrophilic Heterocycles for Protein Diversification and Toxicity Profiling