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Paracrine role of endothelial IGF-1 receptor in depot-specific adipose tissue adaptation in male mice
AbstractDuring recent decades, changes in lifestyle have led to widespread nutritional obesity and its related complications. Remodelling adipose tissue as a therapeutic goal for obesity and its complications has attracted much attention and continues to be actively explored. The endothelium lines all blood vessels and is close to all cells, including adipocytes. The endothelium has been suggested to act as a paracrine organ. We explore the role of endothelial insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), as a paracrine modulator of white adipose phenotype. We show that a reduction in endothelial IGF-1R expression in the presence of high-fat feeding in male mice leads to depot-specific beneficial white adipose tissue remodelling, increases whole-body energy expenditure and enhances insulin sensitivity via a non-cell-autonomous paracrine mechanism. We demonstrate that increased endothelial malonate may be contributory and that malonate prodrugs have potentially therapeutically relevant properties in the treatment of obesity-related metabolic disease.
Therapeutic potential of Chromolaena odorata, Vernonia amygdalina, and Cymbopogon citratus against pathogenic Bacteria
Better than expected performance effect depends on the spatial location of visual stimulus
Abstract The process of perceptual decision-making in the real world involves the aggregation of pieces of evidence into a final choice. Visual evidence is usually presented in different pieces, distributed across time and space. We wondered whether adding variation in the location of the received information would lead to differences in how subjects integrated visual information. Seven participants viewed two pulses of random dot motion stimulus, separated by time gaps and presented at different locations within the visual field. Our findings suggest that subjects accumulate discontinuous information (over space or time) differently than when it is presented continuously, in the same location or with no gaps between them. These findings indicate that the discontinuity of evidence impacts the process of evidence integration in a manner more nuanced than that presumed by the theory positing perfect integration of evidence.
Gigantic Tellegen responses in metamaterials
Ultrasonic optic nerve sheath diameter as a new predictor for the mortality of patients with large hemispheric infarction
Study on the load-supporting characteristic of the new type of support disc-type anchor under cyclic loading test
Invasion of glioma cells through confined space requires membrane tension regulation and mechano-electrical coupling via Plexin-B2
Seq2Seq-based GRU autoencoder for anomaly detection and failure identification in coal mining hydraulic support systems
CMA-Based design of a Novel structure for isolation enhancement and Radiation Pattern correction in MIMO antennas
Distinct roles of dentate gyrus and medial entorhinal cortex inputs for phase precession and temporal correlations in the hippocampal CA3 area
AbstractThe hippocampal CA3 subregion is a densely connected recurrent circuit that supports memory by generating and storing sequential neuronal activity patterns that reflect recent experience. While theta phase precession is thought to be critical for generating sequential activity during memory encoding, the circuit mechanisms that support this computation across hippocampal subregions are unknown. By analyzing CA3 network activity in the absence of each of its theta-modulated external excitatory inputs, we show necessary and unique contributions of the dentate gyrus (DG) and the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) to phase precession. DG inputs are essential for preferential spiking of CA3 cells during late theta phases and for organizing the temporal order of neuronal firing, while MEC inputs sharpen the temporal precision throughout the theta cycle. A computational model that accounts for empirical findings suggests that the unique contribution of DG inputs to theta-related spike timing is supported by targeting precisely timed inhibitory oscillations. Our results thus identify a novel and unique functional role of the DG for sequence coding in the CA3 circuit.