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Monolithic three-dimensional integration of silicon transistors
The Haber–Bosch fertilizer production process should be taught through a social-ecological lens
Coupling of irrigation depth and nitrogen rates on onion (Allium cepa L.) yield and irrigation water productivity in Northern Ethiopia
Mathematicians are developing rules for AI use — other fields should follow
Measuring the spatial lag effect of Tobler’s First Law of Geography in Earth system predictive learning
El Niño in a thermally saturated world
Prediction of properties of some drugs used in the treatment of bipolar disorder via various Zagreb indices
Abstract Predicting physicochemical properties of chemical compounds in a cost-effective and non-experimental manner is of great importance. This is often achieved using topological indices derived from graph theory. Topological index is the numerical value obtained from the structural property of the graph obtained by modeling the chemical structure with graph theory. Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition characterized by mood swings, including manic/hypomanic and depressive episodes. In this study, various Zagreb topological indices based on vertex degree, edge degree, and eccentricity are calculated for graphs of drugs used in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Furthermore, QSPR (quantitative structure property relationship) models are developed to predict the boiling point, enthalpy of vaporization, flash point, molar refractivity and polarizability of these drugs. This study determines the version of the Zagreb indices that best predict the physicochemical properties of bipolar drugs and the corresponding model. The findings demonstrate the potential of using mathematical descriptors in designing and evaluating pharmaceutical compounds.
Organ formation in early human embryos captured in spatial cell atlas
How AI is revealing the secret lives of animals from hummingbirds to pumas
Exploring biohydrogen producing potential of Arctic ice and water through metagenomics and dark fermentation kinetics
Bones of Iron Age skeleton were whittled into tools
CFD-driven optimization and experimental validation of venturi-based thrombectomy devices in a circle of willis
Abstract The geometry of the Circle of Willis poses major challenges for mechanical thrombectomy, where device navigability and effective thrombus removal determine treatment success. This study investigated the performance of venturi-inspired aspiration thrombectomy devices in a simplified cerebral artery segment representative of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), a frequent site of occlusion. Five designs (30°, 45°, 60° venturi, 7/11° taper, and cylindrical control) were assessed using a combined computational–experimental framework. On the computational side, unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) simulations were performed in ANSYS Fluent 19.2 with k–ε turbulence closure. Blood–clot interactions were modeled using a Volume of Fluid (VOF) multiphase formulation with Carreau–Yasuda non-Newtonian rheology. In vitro, stereolithography-fabricated prototypes were tested with porcine thrombi in silicone arterial phantoms. CFD predicted extraction times of 2.12 s for the control and 1.64 s for the 45° venturi, with efficiency plateauing beyond 45°. Experimental results confirmed this trend, showing the 45° design as optimal and all venturi devices outperforming the control. Fragmentation analysis revealed a trade-off, with the 60° venturi producing more than twice the fragments of the 30°. These findings demonstrate that venturi taper geometry critically influences aspiration efficiency and fragmentation and establish CFD–experiment integration as a foundation for optimizing next-generation thrombectomy devices.