Quantifying Deep‐Level Defects‐Dominated Degradation for Commercially Viable Perovskite Solar Cells
Abstract
ABSTRACT The unclear mechanisms and dominant types of defects causing degradation hinder the stability of perovskite solar cells, leading to increased operating costs and limiting their commercialization. In this study, we identify deep‐level I FA and I Pb defects as the primary cause of device degradation based on quantitative analysis of capacitance‐frequency spectra combined with detailed balance theory, although the concentrations are lower than those of commonly believed shallow‐level defects by three orders of magnitude. To mitigate these issues, we design a non‐intercalary ligand coordination strategy through dual‐end electropositive 3TU 2+ ions, which effectively passivated the degradation‐induced deep‐level defects. This approach results in a significant improvement in quasi‐Fermi level splitting alignment, reducing energy loss at the rear interface by an order of magnitude (from 1.46% to 0.62%). In addition to achieving a certified efficiency of 25.56%, our devices demonstrate an extrapolated T 80 lifetime exceeding 10 years, as per the ISOS‐LC‐1 protocol. This improvement reduces the levelized cost of energy to 0.148$ kWh −1 , on par with silicon photovoltaics, thus enhancing the commercial viability of perovskite solar cells.
Article Details
Authors (22)
Qiu Xiong
State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou P. R. China
Can Wang
Xiaofeng Huang
Abd. Rashid bin Mohd Yusoff
Department of Physics Faculty of Science University Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
Pingping Sun
Weichun Pan
Engineering Research Center of Environment‐Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education Fujian Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Huaqiao University Xiamen Fujian 361021 China
Zilong Zhang
Qin Zhou
Lusheng Liang
State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
Jinbo Zhao
Yong Gang
School of Electronic Science and Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen P. R. China
Chunming Liu
State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
Yao Wang
Jihuai Wu
Engineering Research Center of Environment‐Friendly Functional Materials Ministry of Education Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry Huaqiao University Xiamen 361021 China
Yongguang Tu
State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LOFE) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China
Meng Li
Xin Li
Binghui Wu
Nanfeng Zheng
New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Su‐Yuan Xie
State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces <i>i</i>ChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Department of Chemistry Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
Michael Grätzel
Peng Gao