Browse Articles
Discover research articles across all indexed journals
Anticancer properties of Cirsium vulgare (Savi) ten. Dry extracts from different plant parts and phenological stages of Raw material collection
Enantioselective Dearomative [2π + 2σ] Photocycloaddition of Naphthalene Derivatives with Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes Enabled by Gd(III) Catalysis
Causal mediation analysis for time-to-event outcomes on the Restricted Mean Survival Time scale: A pseudo-value approach
Causal mediation analysis decomposes the total effect of an exposure on an outcome into: 1. the indirect effect through a mediator and 2. the remaining “direct" effect through all other pathways. When the outcome is a time-to-event/survival time, censoring makes identifying the indirect and direct effects on the expected value scale untenable. We propose a semi-parametric estimator of the indirect and direct effects on the restricted mean survival time (RMST) scale using the pseudo-value approach for estimating conditional RMSTs. The pseudo-value approach is generalizable to various forms of outcome censoring. We demonstrate the use of the pseudo-value based estimator to right and interval censored data. Our estimator applies to any set of identification assumptions that lead to the Mediation Formula, including natural, organic, randomized and separable indirect and direct effects. A simulation study demonstrates the performance of the estimators for right and interval censored outcomes under various scenarios. The methodology is applied to an HIV cure example with the intention of estimating the indirect effect of a putative treatment on time-to-viral rebound mediated through the viral reservoir.
The crucial role of neutrophil extracellular traps and IL-17 signaling in indomethacin-induced gastric injury in mice
Solvent Medium-Induced Changes to Internal Pressure in the Layered Host VOPO<sub>4</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O and the Influence on Intercalation Reactions
Retraction: Simulation and prediction of geologic hazards and the impacts on homestay buildings in scenery spots through BIM
Study on the fracture behavior and critical slowing down characteristics of saturated sandstone based on acoustic emission and resistivity
Abstract Water significantly affects the fracture behavior and acoustic emission (AE) characteristics of sandstone, which is crucial for assessing the stability of underground engineering. This study investigates the fracture behavior of four types of saturated sandstone (green, white, brown, and red) using AE and resistivity monitoring techniques during uniaxial compression tests. AE energy, resistivity, and RA–AF parameters were analyzed to comprehensively assess the fracture behavior. Additionally, precursor information of sandstone failure was examined using the critical slowing down theory. The results revealed a decrease in uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus in saturated sandstone, with water softening effects ranked as brown, red, white, and green sandstone. Resistivity variation was highly sensitive to fracture development and demonstrated strong complementarity with AE signals. Crack classification based on the RA–AF parameter aligned with macroscopic failure patterns. Water presence accelerated the initiation of tensile cracks, with growth rates of 13.66%, 13.69%, 14.86%, and 17.53%, correlating with porosity and pore water pressure. The sharp increase in the autocorrelation coefficient and variance of AE parameters (amplitude, RA value, rise time, AE energy) before critical failure indicated a critical slowing down phenomenon, serving as a potential precursor to sandstone failure. Moreover, the sensitivity and reliability of critical slowing down theory in early warning applications were affected by water and porosity, which should be considered in practice.
Extrinsic and Intrinsic Factors Governing the Electrochemical Oxidation of Propylene in Aqueous Solutions
Watching sports and happiness among older adults in Japan: The JAGES cohort study
Objective While watching sports may enhance older adults’ happiness, the relationship between sports spectatorship and happiness may vary depending on on-site or TV/Internet. This study examined associations between different forms of sports spectatorship (on-site and TV/Internet) and happiness among older adults in Japan. Methods We used data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, conducted in 2019 and 2022. The outcome variable was happiness, and the explanatory variables were watching sports on-site, watching professional sports on-site, and watching sports on TV/Internet. Multiple linear regression was performed to examine the association between watching sports and happiness, after adjusting for potential confounders. A modified Poisson regression analysis was performed for the binarized outcome with a cutoff of 8 points. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on sports club participation, age, and sex. Results Watching sports on-site a few times annually was associated with higher happiness scores (B: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.19) and a higher prevalence of happiness (PR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.12) than not watching sports. Similar results were observed when the participants watched professional sports a few times annually (B: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.22; PR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.12). No significant associations were found between watching sports on TV/Internet and happiness. The associations were more pronounced among participants who did not participate in sports clubs, males, and those aged < 75 years. Conclusion Watching sports on-site, particularly a few times a year, was associated with higher happiness levels among older adults. These findings highlight the importance of developing targeted interventions that promote older adults’ access to live sports events as a public health strategy.
The relationship between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and all-cause mortality in ICU patients with primary hypertension: a retrospective study
Construction of C4-Spirocyclic Chiral Covalent Organic Frameworks Via Asymmetric Multicomponent Povarov Reaction for Enantioselective Sensing
Energy aware stable path ad hoc on-demand distance vector algorithm for extending network lifetime of mobile ad hoc networks
Traditional routing protocols in MANETs, such as AODV, do not take energy consumption into account, which leads to inefficient utilization of the limited battery resources. In such networks, nodes depend on non-rechargeable batteries, and once the energy is depleted, the nodes can no longer function, resulting in frequent link failures and reduced network lifetime. To address these challenges, this paper proposed a novel routing protocol, the Energy Aware Stable Path Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (EASP-AODV), which incorporates residual energy of individual nodes and received signal strength to improve routing decisions. By considering these factors, EASP-AODV effectively reduces link breakages, enhances route stability, and prolongs the overall lifetime of the network. The algorithm optimizes energy usage, ensuring that nodes with higher residual energy are preferred for routing, thus minimizing energy depletion and mitigating early node failures. To evaluate the effectiveness of EASP-AODV, we conducted simulations using NS2.35, a widely used network simulator. The performance of EASP-AODV was compared with two well-known routing protocols: Energy Aware Path Selection (EAPS-AODV) and the traditional AODV. Several performance metrics, including normalized energy consumption, packet delivery ratio, normalized routing overhead, average end-to-end delay, and network lifetime, were measured. Simulation results demonstrate that EASP-AODV outperforms EAPS-AODV and AODV in terms of energy efficiency, with a 4.5% and 9.5% reduction in normalized energy consumption, respectively. Moreover, the proposed algorithm significantly extends network lifetime, with a 3.5% and 7.5% improvement over EAPS-AODV and AODV. These results confirm that EASP-AODV provides a more energy-efficient and sustainable solution for routing in MANETs, addressing the critical issues of energy consumption and network stability while extending the operational lifetime of the network.
The innovation path of VR technology integration into music classroom teaching in colleges and universities
Correction to “Discovery of a Natural Ent-Kaurene Diterpenoid Oridonin as an E3 Ligase Recruiter for PROTACs”
Pharmacognostic evaluation and antimicrobial activity of Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn leaves (Onocleaceae) via in vitro and in silico perspectives
Background and objective Traditionally, Pteridium aquilinum L. has been utilized as medicine for ages, however, it is not listed in the Nigerian herbal pharmacopeia, and there is no information regarding its standardization and antimicrobial activity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the pharmacognostic parameters and antimicrobial activity of Pteridium aquilinum leaf. Methods Macroscopy, chemo-microscopy, fluorescence, and microscopic analyses of the leaf were investigated using standard methods. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening, thin layer chromatography (TLC), GC-MS, and FTIR were also determined using standard procedures. Antioxidants were evaluated using DPPH. The antimicrobial activities of methanol extract and fractions were evaluated using Agar well diffusion method against Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The macroscopic features of P. aquilinum leaf include a bi-pinnate leaflet and alternate pinna arrangement. The GC-MS-identified compounds in the most active (DCM fraction) were docked against Candida albicans Sterol 14-alpha demethylase (5TZ1) and Escherichia coli DNA gyrase subunit B (6YD9). Results The macroscopic features and microscopic features such as anomocytic stomata, numerous stomata in the abaxial layer, and absence of stomata in the adaxial layer were observed. Chemomicroscopy of the powdered leaves shows that the leaf contains tannins, starch, and lignin. GC-MS detected eighteen compounds. The antimicrobial test revealed that the dichloromethane fraction of P. aquilinum leaf was most active on all the test strains (bacteria and fungi) at 25 mg/mL to 100 mg/mL concentrations. Through in silico research, the binding of 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, (4-hydroxybenzoyl) hydrazine, octadecadienoyl chloride, and 11,14-Eicosadienoic acid, detected in the DCM fraction by GC-MS analysis, to the active sites of 5TZ1 and 6YD9 was stable. Conclusion This research gave scientific credence to the traditional medical practice of treating infections with P. aquilinum leaves.