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Remoteness sensitive theta network dynamics during early autobiographical memory access
Unifying Scaling Relations and Multiple Reaction Mechanisms for Screening Transition Metal‐Doped Co <sub>3</sub> O <sub>4</sub> for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
ABSTRACT Accelerating the discovery of oxygen‐evolution reaction (OER) catalysts requires high‐throughput screening strategies combining descriptor‐based frameworks with dedicated mechanistic analyses. In this study, we present a unified methodology using the example of doped Co 3 O 4 in the OER by developing a mechanistically resolved, potential‐dependent volcano approach that accounts for the uncertainty of adsorption free energies when analyzing activity trends. We evaluate the influence of different dopants (Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, and V) on the OER activity by selectively substituting octahedral Co sites on the (001) facet of Co 3 O 4 using density functional theory calculations (DFT). We identify Cr, Fe, Ni, and V as promising dopants as they exhibit increased OER activity compared to undoped Co 3 O 4 , while Cr shows the strongest promoting effect among all dopants considered in this study. We compare our theoretical predictions with two different series of synthesized Co 3 O 4 nanoparticle catalysts and find good agreement regarding the qualitative trends of OER activity. To validate the strong promoting effect of Cr, we synthesize surface‐enriched, Cr‐doped Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles, which confirms the theoretical prediction of increased OER activity. The theoretical model developed in this work is a transferable framework that can be equally applied to other materials and electrocatalytic processes for quantifying dopant effects by considering uncertainty and promoting effects when analyzing activity trends.
Correlation-controlled stochastic computing for low-power FIR and IIR filters in edge DSP
Symmetry Breaking at Locally Active Fe Site for Switchable CO <sub>2</sub> Photoreduction Over Isostructural Ultrathin MOLs
ABSTRACT Ultrathin metal–organic layers (MOLs) have emerged as a type of promising two‐dimensional (2D) platforms for artificial photosynthesis, yet their activity is frequently limited by rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers in presence of structural symmetry. Hence, switching on the reactivity through breaking geometric symmetry to create unsymmetric active sites remains a significant challenge. Herein, we demonstrate a switching strategy via one‐atom substitution to construct two isostructural ultrathin MOLs with distinct coordination symmetry at the iron active site. Single‐crystal x‐ray diffraction and spectroscopic analyses reveal that symmetry breaking at the iron site in the MOL effectively enhances CO 2 adsorption and facilitates photogenerated carrier separation. Under visible‐light irradiation, the MOL with unsymmetrical sites achieves an exceptional CO production amount (ca. 21.20 mmol·g −1 ), which is as high as 15.8 times more than that of its symmetrical counterpart. Time‐resolved transient absorption spectroscopy corroborated by DFT calculations indicates that symmetry breaking not only accelerates the separation and transport of photogenerated charge carriers, but also lowers the Gibbs free energy of CO 2 adsorption. This work elucidates how the atomically precise modification of local coordination symmetry switches the photocatalytic performance in an ‘off/on’ manner and provides a viable design strategy toward emerging 2D materials for artificial photosynthesis.
Robust identification of impact force acting on composite structures via a single FBG sensor using variational mode decomposition
Ensemble learning model for deepfake audio detection using multi-feature extraction approach
Diazaphosphinyl‐Radical‐Catalyzed Halogen Atom Transfer: Inverting Reactivity Trends for Chloride Activation
ABSTRACT Catalytic radical halogen atom transfer (XAT) typically follows the bond dissociation free energy (BDFE)‐dependent reactivity order R–I > R–Br > R–Cl, leaving abundant alkyl chlorides largely underutilized. We report diazaphosphinyl radicals (NHP • ) derived from N ‐heterocyclic phosphines as efficient organic radical catalysts that invert this trend, enabling catalytic hydrodehalogenation of alkyl chlorides over bromides and iodides. Comprehensive thermodynamic, kinetic, and mechanistic studies reveal dual roles of NHP derivatives: XAT abstractors and hydrogen donors. The overall catalytic efficiency is governed not by the radical XAT step, but by a polar bond‐metathesis process that regenerates the active P‐H reductant (NHP‐H). This step is thermodynamically much favorable for chlorides, due to the strong Si–Cl bond formed, thereby establishing a closed catalytic cycle uniquely effective for R–Cl substrates. The catalyst exhibits good functional‐group tolerance and enables mono‐dechlorination of dichlorides with high selectivity, as well as hydroalkylation of activated olefins. This work highlights the important roles of polar steps in radical catalysis that can dictate substrate selectivity, and provides a sustainable, metal‐free strategy for valorizing alkyl chlorides.
Spatio-temporal graph ConvLSTM with hierarchical personalized federated learning for cooperative zero-day intrusion detection in 6G internet of vehicles
A proof of concept approach to quantify body schema using local Shannon entropy
Abstract Body schema is shaped by sensorimotor interactions with the environment and supports coordinated movement. Measures for quantifying body schema are limited, and little is known about how lifestyle factors influence body schema organization. We propose Shannon Entropy of digital drawing strokes as a quantitative data-driven measure of body schema complexity. Forty-four adults drew themselves (body drawing) then a flower (control drawing), and completed the International Physical Activity (PA) Questionnaire. Local Shannon Entropy was computed using a block-based, data-driven algorithm and residualized for stroke length. Body drawings showed lower entropy than control drawings, offering preliminary evidence that stroke entropy may capture body-specific differences in representational complexity, meriting further investigation with counterbalanced designs. Residual entropy decreased with age, suggesting stabilization of body schema in older adults. PA was evaluated via standard Physical Activity Levels (PAL) and data-driven tertiles. PALs showed no significant effects, likely due to sample disproportion. Tertile analysis revealed a significant interaction between PA and age: more physically active participants maintained stable drawing entropy with age, suggesting PA may be associated with age-related reductions in body representation. Findings suggest stroke entropy as an interesting method for future validation studies examining the role of PA in maintaining body representations across adulthood.
Mechanical and microstructural performance evaluation for cement-based mortar: calcined mud powder
Correction: Addition of soluble fiber to standard purified diets is important for gut morphology in mice
Exceptionally preserved embryos reveal maternal care in freshwater bivalves since the Cretaceous
Abstract As an adaptive reproductive strategy to their habitat, the majority of freshwater bivalve lineages incubate their larvae in the adults’ gills. The Unionida (pearly mussels) with up to 1000 living species worldwide, are widely accepted as key components of modern freshwater ecosystems. Furthermore, they are unique amongst other freshwater bivalves because their larvae, after finishing maternal incubation, must also parasitize fish to complete their embryonic development and dispersal. Here, we report fossil evidence of a functional freshwater bivalve reproductive system in Margaritifera valdensis , a unionoid from the iconic Lower Cretaceous Iguanodon locality on the Isle of Wight, southern England. We document four interconnected bioelements of their gill anatomy: gill supports, interlamellar junctions within the gill demibranchs, mineral concretions, and fossilized gill soft tissue. Moreover, diverse developmental stages of brooded embryos and larvae are identified. These data reveal larval incubation within modified gills and evidence a calcium source for their shell formation. These highlight a key evolutionary innovation that facilitated the Mesozoic diversification of unionoid bivalves in calcium-deficient freshwater habitats. Our findings provide the first fossil evidence that by the Early Cretaceous this successful brooding adaptation in freshwater unionoid bivalves developed, providing a significant clue to understanding the evolution and general role of bivalves’ gill anatomy in their function for reproduction.
Techno-economic and environmental feasibility of large-scale hybrid renewable energy system for coastal megaprojects: a case study of Ras El-Hekma, Egypt
Abstract This research provides a techno-economic and environmental evaluation of a large-scale hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) to support sustainable coastal development in Egypt, considering Ras El-Hekma as a representative case study. Six hybrid system configurations, including both grid-connected and off-grid modes, are modeled and evaluated using HOMER Pro. A large-scale load profile is developed with a peak demand of 28.8 MW and an annual electricity consumption of approximately 100.46 GWh over a 20-year project lifetime. The simulation results indicate that the optimal configuration is a 15 MW grid-connected wind energy system, achieving a Cost of Energy (COE) of $0.03409/kWh and a Net Present Cost (NPC) of $37.46 million with an initial investment cost of $24.8 million. The proposed system also achieves a renewable energy fraction of 68.6% and reduces CO₂ emissions by 60.45% compared with the base case grid-only scenario. Sensitivity analysis reveals that wind speed, project lifetime, inflation rate, and discount rate are the most influential factors affecting system feasibility and economic viability. The results demonstrate the strong potential of large-scale HRESs for sustainable energy development across Egypt’s coastal megaprojects.
Analyzing the influence of variable viscosity and thermal radiation on heat and mass transfer of MHD bioconvective nanofluid flow through surface regression model
Mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy drives cortical neuronal disturbances in human organoids harbouring the common m.3243A>G mutation
Abstract Mitochondrial diseases frequently affect the brain leading to severe and disabling neurological symptoms. The heteroplasmic m.3243 A > G mutation in MT-TL1 , encoding mt-tRNA Leu , is responsible for ~80% of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS), which is one of the most characteristic mitochondrial syndromes, leading to disability and early death. There are no animal models harbouring this mutation to provide precise mechanistic insights informing therapeutic interventions. Here, we generate a human iPSC-derived cerebral organoid slice model that recapitulates cortical architecture and mitochondrial pathology. Using biological assays and single-cell RNA sequencing, we uncover heteroplasmy-dependent transcriptional shifts and changes in key cellular processes in cortical neurons. Organoids with high heteroplasmy show a predominant impairment of deep-layer neurons triggered by mitochondrial stress, leading to axonal degeneration and apoptosis, similar to brain autopsy of a MELAS patient. Our findings provide insights into the vulnerability of long-range projection neurons in mitochondrial diseases, advancing our understanding of disease mechanisms with a view to potential therapeutic strategies.