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Subcritical cracking and sealing along cleavage planes and subgrain boundaries in plagioclase from the Mado Megamullion oceanic core complex
Abstract Subcritical cracking propagates fractures via stress-assisted chemical reactions at crack tips under stresses below the critical threshold. Although this mechanism is increasingly recognized as a driver of time-dependent damage accumulation and permeability evolution in the Earth’s crust, direct natural constraints on the lower oceanic crust remain limited. Here, we document plagioclase microstructural and compositional features consistent with subcritical cracking in a deformed oxide gabbro from the Mado Megamullion oceanic core complex, Shikoku Basin, Philippine Sea. We combine co-registered scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping with MATLAB MTEX Toolbox processing to link plagioclase crystallographic orientation, misorientation, and anorthite content (An = Ca/(Ca + Na + K)). Anorthite content maps show heterogeneous low-An domains within plagioclase porphyroclasts. These low-An domains are locally subparallel to the trace of the (001) cleavage plane and locally contain subgrain boundaries. We interpret the low-An domains as possible crack–seal-related features formed by stress-corrosion-assisted subcritical cracking along cleavage planes and subgrain boundaries, followed by host-controlled epitaxial precipitation of sodic plagioclase. These grain-scale crack–seal features may indicate that permeability creation by cracking can be followed by permeability reduction through sealing in gabbros from oceanic core complexes at slow-spreading ridges.
Evaluation of the biomechanics of lower limbs in normal, overweight, and obese people using the SMART F-IMU system
Expression of APOL1 and NOTCH2 genes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ogun State, Nigeria
Reinforcement learning-assisted distributionally robust energy management for multi-microgrid networks
Longitudinal stability control system for distributed drive electric vehicles based on multi-model MPC
Impact of internal heat source and rotation on a nonlocal thermoelastic solid with pores via the moore-gibson-thompson framework
Abstract This study explores the combined effects of an internal heat source and rotation on a porous solid within the framework of nonlocal thermoelasticity as described by the Moore-Gibson-Thompson theory. By employing a non-dimensional approach, the governing equations were reformulated to highlight the underlying parameters and facilitate a more general analysis of the system. The resulting system of equations was subsequently solved using the normal mode method, yielding analytical expressions that describe the material’s displacement, temperature, and stress components. These solutions were further analyzed numerically using MATLAB, and graphical representations were generated to illustrate the effects of internal heating and rotation on the thermoelastic behavior of the porous medium. The findings reveal significant interactions between thermal and mechanical fields, offering deep insights into the performance and stability of advanced materials under complex loading conditions. This work not only advances the theoretical understanding of nonlocal thermoelasticity in porous solids but also provides practical implications for the design and optimization of engineering systems exposed to similar environmental influences.
Age-related differences in alpha power for distractor inhibition during visual working memory
Circumventing Concentration Limitations in Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural through Alkali Metal Ion Mediated Supramolecular Control
ABSTRACT Performance deterioration in the electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) of concentrated biomass platform molecules remains a major obstacle for practical implementation, largely due to an incomplete understanding of concentration‐dependent mechanisms. Using the 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural reduction reaction (HMFRR) as a model system, we uncover an unanticipated role of intermolecular hydrogen bonding under high reactant concentrations as revealed by constant‐potential DFT calculations and AIMD simulations. Guided by this mechanistic insight, we develop a cation‐modulation strategy and identify Li + ion as the most effective promoter of HMFRR, via a synergistic combination of (i) disruption of intermolecular hydrogen bonds in HMF dimers enabled by the small ionic radius, deep penetration into the inner Helmholtz plane and low coordinated structure of Li + , (ii) enhanced *H transfer arising from its strong electron‐withdrawing character, and (iii) preservation of high HMFRR selectivity at moderate Li + concentrations. Experimental electrochemical measurements and 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) spectroscopy validate these predictions. This work resolves a long‐standing challenge in high‐concentration ECH and establishes a generalizable paradigm for upgrading concentrated biomass‐derived platform molecules through rational interfacial engineering.
Examining the diametric model of autistic and psychotic traits through temporal perception
Pre‐Activated Cascade Redox Enables High‐Voltage Multi‐Electron Anion Storage in Graphite
ABSTRACT Graphite cathodes enable high‐voltage operation in dual‐ion batteries but are intrinsically constrained by a single‐electron chemistry and sluggish anion intercalation. Here, an iron‐chloride‐intercalated graphite stabilized by oxygen functional groups is shown to establish a pre‐activated, cascade multi‐electron redox pathway. Sequential oxidation of iron and chlorine at intermediate potentials simultaneously expands interlayer spacing and redistributes electronic density, creating a favorable host for high‐voltage PF 6 − intercalation. This synergistic activation enables an average transfer of 2.61 electrons per redox event, breaking the intrinsic one‐electron limit of graphite. As a result, the cathode delivers up to 5 V (vs. Na/Na + ) with a stable capacity of 52 mAh g −1 at 3 A g −1 , significantly outperforming conventional graphite cathodes (15 mAh g −1 ). By integrating multi‐electron redox chemistry with anion storage, this approach unlocks a new direction for high‐power electrochemical energy storage.
PocketMaster provides a flexible and automated tool for analyzing, clustering, and visualizing structural diversity in protein pockets
Abstract PocketMaster is a flexible and automated tool for the analysis, clustering, and interpretation of protein pockets, enabling the exploration of structural diversity in functional and interacting regions of proteins. The tool provides multiple strategies for defining pocket alignment regions, along with various alignment algorithms and clustering approaches, allowing analyses to be customized for different research objectives. In addition, it automatically documents results and provides informative visualizations and reports. With these capabilities, PocketMaster can be particularly valuable in the early stages of drug design, where accurate analysis and selection of protein structures are essential. Using TYK2 as a case study, PocketMaster demonstrates its ability to identify conformational differences between kinase and pseudokinase domains, as well as subtypes of structures within each domain, reflecting the influence of various ligands and protein states. The estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) ligand-binding pocket was also analyzed as an additional case study, showing the tool’s performance in capturing conformational variations in helix 12 (H12) between active (agonist-bound) and inactive (antagonist-bound) states. The results confirm known structural features and illustrate the potential of the tool for systematic exploration of protein pockets, quantitative assessment of differences, and support of rational drug design. The PocketMaster source code, together with example input files and documentation, can be accessed at https://github.com/narek-abelyan/PocketMaster .
Interfacial removal of amoxicillin from water using a dendrimer-functionalized graphene–silica hybrid: mechanistic insights and validation in real samples
Record‐High Resolution X‐Ray Imaging With Multi‐Component and Near‐Infrared Organic Scintillators Enabled by TADF Sensitization
ABSTRACT Organic X‐ray scintillators face significant challenges in achieving high‐resolution imaging, primarily due to the inherent difficulty in synergizing high X‐ray attenuation ability, efficient exciton utilization, and low self‐absorption. Herein, we report a series of organic scintillators, which set new resolution records for molecular‐sensitized organic scintillators. By pairing a high‐efficiency thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) sensitizer with three different types of emitters [TADF, triplet‐triplet annihilation (TTA), and fluorescent], we demonstrate excellent control over scintillator properties. The resulting systems show outstanding performance, with the TTA‐based system achieving a spatial resolution of 35.9 lp/mm, the highest reported to date for multi‐component organic scintillators. Notably, the fluorescent system reaches 21.6 lp/mm in the near‐infrared (NIR) region, representing a 41% improvement over the previous state‐of‐the‐art. This work provides an effective and systematic design strategy for creating the next generation of high‐resolution organic scintillators, demonstrating record‐high system‐level performance suitable for advanced imaging applications.
Retraction Note: CO2 mediated optical investigation of pyridine transformation into 2,2′-bipyridine for nitrogen pollutant removal
Engineering Coumarin‐Based Afterglow Luminescence Probes for Activatable Imaging Peroxynitrite In Vivo
ABSTRACT Afterglow luminescence imaging materials have evolved from inorganic to organic systems, and further from macromolecular polymers to small molecules, highlighting the imperative of developing safe and efficient organic afterglow molecules for bioimaging. However, flexible organic afterglow molecules with well‐characterized structure–luminescence intensity relationships for high‐contrast activatable imaging remain scarce. Here, we report for the first time that coumarin derivatives exhibit bright afterglow luminescence and reveal that rigidified coumarin structures display stronger emission than their flexible and backbone analogues. Further, we designed MP molecules bearing boronic ester and methylenecyclobutane moieties and integrated them with coumarin to construct the activatable afterglow probe C545–MP NPs. Oxidation of the boronic ester by ONOO − primes the probe, whereas subsequent irradiation induces coumarin‐mediated singlet oxygen generation that reacts with the methylenecyclobutane unit to initiate afterglow emission. By virtue of the elimination of autofluorescence and high activation contrast, C545–MP NPs enable precise assessing therapeutic efficacy of ulcerative colitis and Parkinson′s disease.
Assessment of water ecosystem service value in the Jianghuai watershed area: a case study of Chuzhou
Abstract As a critical area for the ecological security barrier in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the Jianghuai Watershed Area holds significant importance in coordinating ecological conservation and economic development through the assessment of its water ecosystem service value (ESV). This study focuses on Chuzhou, a typical city within the Jianghuai Watershed Area, to explore the spatiotemporal evolution of water ESV and analyze the spatiotemporal change of the Consistency between water Ecosystem services and Economy (CEE) from 2000 to 2022 based on remote sensing. Firstly, the water was extracted through normalized snow water index (NSWI) and Otsu threshold method (OTSU). Subsequently, the water ESV dynamic evaluation model was constructed. Using this model, the water ESV in Chuzhou was quantified, and its spatiotemporal distribution characteristics were analyzed. Finally, by calculating the coefficient of variation (CV) between ESV and GDP, the deviation between water ESV and GDP in Chuzhou was obtained. At the same time, the coordination between water ESV and economic development of Chuzhou was obtained by calculating CEE, so as to evaluate the Spatiotemporal coordination and regional differences between them. This study has found that: (1) The water ESV in Chuzhou showed a phased change of “fluctuating decline and subsequent recovery” from 2000 to 2022. (2) In terms of spatial distribution, the water ESV exhibits a gradient pattern of “high ESV in the northwest and low ESV in the southeast of the Chuzhou”. (3) In terms of ecological and economic coordination, the northwest of the Chuzhou maintain a healthy CEE. However, the southeast of Chuzhou has exacerbated the imbalance in CEE due to the water space occupied by construction land. This study could provide a decision-making basis for formulating ecological priority development strategies in the Jianghuai Watershed Area.
Biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cheese production systems
Abstract The emergence of drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an increasing global concern affecting human and animal health, food production systems, and environmental safety. This study investigated its occurrence, antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm-forming ability using phenotypic assays, and identify the biofilm-associated genetic markers in 120 cheese samples including 30 samples each of (Kariesh, Tallaga, Processed, and Romy) collected from various retail sources in Cairo and Giza, Egypt. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were identified using both biochemical tests and molecular confirmation using 16 S rRNA gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated using the disk diffusion method. Biofilm formation was assessed phenotypically through the microtiter plate and tube assays, while the biofilm-associated genes pelA and pslA were detected using PCR. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected in 18 samples (15%), and identification was confirmed through biochemical and molecular methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that 55% of isolates were extensively drug-resistant, while 45% exhibited multidrug resistance, with MAR indices ≥ 0.2 and an average MAR index of 0.68, indicating exposure to high-risk environments with frequent antibiotic use. Phenotypic assays showed strong biofilm-forming capabilities among isolates, with 100% positive by microtiter plate and 95% by tube method. Molecular screening further confirmed the prevalence of biofilm-associated genes, detecting pelA in 72% and pslA in 61% of isolates. Overall, Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from cheese samples exhibited substantial antimicrobial resistance and robust biofilm-forming ability, posing significant concerns to cheese quality and consumer health. These findings highlight the urgent need for continuous surveillance, improved dairy hygiene, effective sanitation, responsible antimicrobial practices, and alternative control strategies within the dairy sector to reduce potential public health hazards.
Physics guided semantic consistency learning for bearing fault diagnosis in agricultural machinery under operating condition shifts
Enzymatic Redox Gating Directs Oxidative Divergence in Acyclic Peroxides Biosynthesis
ABSTRACT Peroxy natural products, including endoperoxides, acyclic peroxides, and hydroperoxides, are widely distributed across all domains of life, with many, such as artemisinin and prostaglandins, serving as clinically important agents. However, the enzymatic mechanisms by which nature installs O─O bonds have largely remained elusive. To date, only a limited number of endoperoxide‐forming enzymes have been identified, while the enzymatic basis for acyclic peroxide assembly remains unknown. Here, we identify two homologous flavin‐dependent enzymes, OxaJ and OtnJ, that catalyze enantioselective acyclic peroxide formation in the biosynthesis of oxanthromicin natural products. A conserved structural motif acts as a redox gate by blocking NADPH access to the active site, thereby promoting peroxide installation. Removal of this motif permits NADPH binding and redirects the enzyme's activity toward hydroxylation. This work establishes the first example of peroxide formation by a flavin‐dependent enzyme and introduces redox gating as a previously unrecognized strategy for controlling oxidative divergence in enzymatic catalysis.