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Field based analysis of vegetation and climate impacts on the hydrological properties of urban vegetated slope
Modeling, analysis and control of an inertial wave energy converter and hydraulic power take-off unit
Functionalized Violet-Emitting Cd, Pb-Free Quantum Dots with Thermally Activated Delayed Photoluminescence for Efficient Photochemical Reactions
Electrical grid linked to PV/wind system based fuzzy controller and PID controller tuned by PSO for improving LVRT
Abstract This paper presents the use of a static synchronous compensators (STATCOM) device to improve the low voltage ride through (LVRT) ability of an electrical network consisting of wind farms that produce 9 MW and 1 MW PV stations during grid faults. A hybrid energy model is connected with 100 MVAR STATCOM at the point of common coupling (PCC) through line to line fault occurs on the grid. STATCOM control is used to detect the voltage at the PCC bus through occurring line to line (LL) faults by compensating reactive energy. A method of particle swarm optimization (PSO) is utilized for adjusting the optimum value of proportional—integral—derivative (PID) STATCOM control. STATCOM is controlled by (PID) and is compared with STATCOM controlled by fuzzy logic control (FLC). The proposed system has been performed utilizing Matlab/Simulink. Results of the simulation clear effectiveness and the ability of STATCOM with FLC in improving LVRT, power quality, and mitigation voltage dip, during grid faults like line to line (LL) faults as compared with STATCOM with PID control.
Estimation of actual evapotranspiration and water requirements of strategic crops under different stresses
Abstract According to the importance of water conservation in water scarcity regions, estimating the exact amount of required water for crops under different stress conditions in irrigation networks is vital. One of the challenges in water management is estimating these stresses with crop models. AquaCrop is a robust model that can simulate the actual evapotranspiration and the water needs under different biophysical and management conditions. In this study, the actual evapotranspiration (Eta) and the irrigation requirement of wheat, barley, and maize are estimated by the AquaCrop model in the Qazvin province, and then compared with the results of the CropWat model. According to the results, the irrigation requirement for all three crops was significantly less than the CropWat estimation that were 184, 55.9, and 38.6 mm less water volume is needed for wheat, barley, and maize, respectively, showing using this model, the water efficiency will increase and the less amount of water can bring us the same amount of production. After that, for better comparison and assessment of the AquaCrop model, results were compared to the amount estimated by the Moghan plain and represented a higher amount of the actual evapotranspiration and the irrigation requirement because of different climate situations. These differences are mostly due to the AquaCrop model that is able to adjust itself under different stress conditions.
Identification of candidate nsSNPs of the human FNDC5 gene and their structural and functional consequences using in silico analysis
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (−)-Rubriflordilactone B by a Bioinspired Skeletal Reorganization Approach
Long term gait postural characteristics of children with general foot pain using smartphone connected wearable sensors
Embodied design for enhanced flipper-based locomotion in complex terrains
Quality evaluation of dried tomato fruit and optimization of drying conditions using a modified solar dryer integrated with an automatic solar collector tracker
Abstract In the current study, a modified solar dryer (SD) integrated automatic solar collector tracker (ASCT) was used for drying tomato fruit (TF) at three slice thicknesses of 4, 6, and 8 mm on both drying systems at three air speeds of 1, 1.5, and 2 m/s until reaching the equilibrium moisture content. Where the comparison study was conducted between the ASCT, and another SD integrated with a fixed solar collector (FSC). The obtained results of the current study showed that the maximum solar intensity and ambient air temperature during the test period were 900 W/m2, and 43.6 °C, respectively. As well as the highest efficiency of the PV system was 16.69% at the same time. On the other hand, the height, greatest diameter and smallest diameter of the TF used in the current study ranged between (4.6 and 5.2 cm), (3.5 and 4.2 cm), and (3.4 and 4.1 cm), respectively. As well as both the athematic and geometric diameters ranging between 3.87 and 4.47 cm and 2.26 and 2.38 cm, the sphericity values of tomatoes tend to have a round shape. In addition, the obtained results that there was no significant effect of the hot air velocities on the drying time, but the final moisture content (MC) decreased with increasing the hot air velocities. The lowest final MC was 6%, and it was recorded with a slice thickness of 4.0 mm that dried on SD integrated with ASCT. Additionally, color analysis showed that, the darkest tomato slices were dried on the SC integrated with FSC at a hot air velocity of 1.0 m/s. Meanwhile, the intensity of red and yellow colors significantly increased after drying with the SD integrated with ASDT. Furthermore, the chemical analysis of the dried tomato slices showed that the highest rehydration ratio of 4.43 kg water/kg dry matter was obtained for the dried tomato slices dried on SD integrated with ASCT at a hot air velocity of 1.5 m/s and a slice thickness of 8.0 mm. As well as the highest values of pH were monitored on the dried tomato slices on ASCT in comparison to the other tomato slices dried on FSC. Also, the highest ascorbic acid content recorded was 141 mg/100 g (d.b.) in tomato slices with an 8.0 mm thickness, dried using SD combined with FSC at an air velocity of 2 m/s. After drying, the total phenols content increased in all dried tomato samples but decreased with lower hot air velocities.
Evaluation of the trunk modules in the symmetrical and three-dimensional asymmetrical trunk positions
Perceptual experience in somatosensory temporal discrimination is indexed by a mid-latency fronto-central ERP difference
Abstract The neural correlates of conscious somatosensory perception are usually investigated using threshold detection tasks. However, it is largely unclear how other aspects of conscious somatosensory experience, such as localization, discrimination, and identification, are processed in the brain. Here, we go beyond mere stimulus detection and analyze the EEG data of 34 participants to investigate the event-related potential correlates of somatosensory experience in a temporal discrimination task. We show that the perceptual experience of feeling one vs. two pulses for identical pairs of electrical stimuli is reflected in positive fronto-central ERP activity after ~ 150 ms, even when controlling for task-relevance and post-perceptual processes such as decision-making and response preparation. This effect is a modulation of an ERP component that peaks considerably later at 170 ms and in a different sensor region than the detection-related so-called N140, which was not modulated by our task. Distributed source reconstruction of the sensor-level effect suggested the contralateral primary somatosensory cortex as its origin. We therefore propose that conscious detection and temporal discrimination are likely to both involve early sensory areas but recruit different neuronal processes. Our result adds to the growing body of research investigating the mechanisms underlying different aspects of conscious experience.
The effects of water content and fracture angle on rock creep and crack behavior under impact conditions
In silico screening and molecular dynamics analysis of natural DHPS enzyme inhibitors targeting Acinetobacter baumannii
LCZ4r package R for local climate zones and urban heat islands
Abstract The LCZ4r is a novel toolkit designed to streamline Local Climate Zones (LCZ) classification and Urban Heat Island (UHI) analysis. Built on the open-source R statistical programming platform, the LCZ4r package aims to improve the usability of the LCZ framework for climate and environment researchers. The suite of LCZ4r functions is categorized into general and local functions (https://bymaxanjos.github.io/LCZ4r/index.html). General functions enable users to quickly extract LCZ maps for any landmass of the world at different scales, without requiring extensive GIS expertise. They also generate a series of urban canopy parameter maps, such as impervious fractions, albedo, and sky view factor, and calculate LCZ-related area fractions. Local functions require measurement data to perform advanced geostatistical analysis, including time series, thermal anomalies, air temperature interpolation, and UHI intensity. By integrating LCZ data with interpolation techniques, LCZ4r enhances air temperature modeling, capturing well-defined thermal patterns, such as vegetation-dominated areas, that traditional methods often overlook. The openly available and reproducible R-based scripts ensure consistent results and broad applicability, making LCZ4r a valuable tool for researchers studying the relationship between land use-cover and urban climates.
Motion multi-object matching and position estimation based on unsynchronized image sequences
Design and TCAD analysis of few-layer graphene/ZnO nanowires heterojunction-based photodetector in UV spectral region
Abstract Graphene and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires (NWs)-based photodetectors demonstrate excellent photodetection performance in the ultraviolet (UV) spectrum regime. This paper presents the design and analysis of a heterostructure model of p+-few-layer graphene (p+-FLG)/n–-ZnO NWs-based UV photodetector. The design utilizes the unique properties of few-layer graphene to enhance light absorption and improve photodetector performance. The analysis under both self-biasing and conductive modes of operation reveals that the integrated electric field and the photovoltaic effect at the p⁺-FLG/n⁻-ZnO NWs hetero-interface create a rectifying behavior. The photodetector achieves an external photocurrent responsivity, external quantum efficiency, detectivity, and noise equivalent power of 0.12 A/W, 44.1%, 1.9 × 109 Jones, and 5.6 × 10–14 W, respectively, under UV illumination at 350 nm, 0 V bias, and 300 K. Additionally, the photodetector exhibits ultrafast photoswitching rise and fall times of 0.26 ns and a 3-dB cut-off frequency of 1.31 GHz. The comparative analysis with existing photodetectors demonstrates that the proposed model surpasses many in sensitivity, speed, and efficiency. The enhancement of charge collection with the applied reverse-biased voltage results in a response time of 0.16 ns, a peak photocurrent responsivity of 0.2 A/W, a maximum external quantum efficiency of 61%, a peak detectivity of 2.4 × 109 Jones, and minimum noise equivalent power of 4.4 × 10–14 W at − 0.5 V. The findings inspire the development of next-generation self-driving, highly efficient, broadband photodetectors, and other economically viable and multifunctional optoelectronic devices.