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Porous and Amorphous Mn_<i>x</i>Mo₃S₁₃ Chalcogel Electrode for High-Capacity Conversion-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries

Glycemic fluctuations, fatigue, and sleep disturbances in type 2 diabetes during ramadan fasting: A cross-sectional study

Background This study aimed to assess the prevalence of glycemic fluctuations, fatigue, and sleep disturbances during Ramadan, and to identify factors associated with hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia events in this period. Methods A cross-sectional study of 88 individuals with type 2 diabetes during Ramadan fasting from (08/03/2024) until (20/04/2024) was conducted. HbA1c levels before Ramadan were obtained from medical records. Participants monitored blood glucose twice daily (during the day and two hours after breaking fast). Blood glucose under 70 mg/dl was considered hypoglycemia, and over 200 mg/dl was hyperglycemia. Fatigue was thoroughly assessed using the Indonesian Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20 (IMFI-20), while the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was utilized to evaluate sleep quality. In addition, data on sleep duration, as well as dietary habits during Ramadan, were also collected. Results A total of 88 patients with type 2 diabetes (mean age, 52.7 years) participated, predominantly female (68.2%) and married (63.6%). The study found a prevalence of 21.6% for hypoglycemia and 30.6% for hyperglycemia. Additionally, 30.7% of participants experienced fatigue, and 40.9% reported poor sleep quality. HbA1c levels before Ramadan and fatigue were significantly associated with both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia (p &lt;  0.05). Sleep quality was also significantly associated with hyperglycemia events (p &lt;  0.05). Furthermore, sleep duration was significantly related to hyperglycemia events (p =  0.01). Meal timing, frequency, and dietary patterns during Ramadan were also found to be significantly associated with both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia (both p &lt;  0.05). Conclusion Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia are common among people with type 2 diabetes during Ramadan. Fatigue and poor sleep quality were also widespread. Key factors linked to these glycemic fluctuations were pre-Ramadan HbA1c levels and fatigue, while sleep quality was particularly associated with hyperglycemia. These results highlight the need for personalized care to manage blood sugar levels and improve overall health during Ramadan. We recommend that healthcare providers advise patients with type 2 diabetes to aim for 7–8 hours of sleep per night to help control blood glucose levels. Additionally, having three meals a day (Suhoor, Iftar, and a post-Iftar snack) with low glycemic index foods can help maintain stable blood glucose and prevent both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia during Ramadan.

CA-VAR-Markov model of user needs prediction based on user generated content

High-Spin Manganese(V) in an Active Center Analogue of the Oxygen-Evolving Complex

Intracellular accumulation of free cholesterol in macrophages triggers a PARP1 response to DNA damage and PARP1 impairs lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response

The formation of macrophage (Mφ) foam cells is a hallmark of atherosclerosis, yet how the process of lipid loading can modulate Mφ inflammatory responses by rewiring their intracellular metabolic circuits is not well understood. Our previous studies have shown that the accumulation of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) or free cholesterol in Mφs impaired their inflammatory response by suppressing HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis and upregulating NRF2 antioxidative response. However, it remains unclear if other metabolic processes are also contributory. In this study, we found that the accumulation of free cholesterol, but not oxLDL, in primary murine thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal Mφs (PMφs) enhanced a PARP1-dependent response associated with repair of DNA damage, which was characterized by poly ADP-ribosylation of proteins, phosphorylation of histone 2A.X and consumption of NAD  +  . Both oxLDL and cholesterol enhanced the PARP1 response after LPS stimulation. Treatment of PMφs with mitoTEMPO, a specific mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) scavenger, alleviated mtROS during cholesterol loading, blocked the PARP1 response and partially restored LPS- induced inflammatory gene expression. In contrast to inhibition of PARP1 enzymatic activity, knockdown of PARP1 expression in RAW264.7 Mφs with siRNA elevated LPS-induced inflammatory gene expression. Overall, our study suggests that cholesterol accumulation triggers a PARP1 response to DNA damage in Mφs and that PARP1 inhibits LPS-mediated inflammation through a non-enzymatic function.

Surface display of two neoantigens on Lactiplantibacillus plantarum

Dynamic Deprotonation Enhancement Triggered by Accelerated Electrochemical Delithiation Reconstruction during Acidic Water Oxidation

Correction: Controllable synthesis of TiO2/graphene composites for human voice recognition in strain sensor

Utilising common bean and strawberry vegetative wastes in yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) substrates: effects of pre-treatment on growth and composition

Abstract Integrating plant production with insect farming, termed "entomoponics," involves using plant waste as a substrate for insect rearing, while returning insect frass to fertilise the plants. In this study, vegetative wastes from strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa), and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), were incorporated into a wheat bran-based substrate for rearing the yellow mealworms (MW; Tenebrio molitor). The wastes were either autoclaved or autoclaved then fermented with the fungus Trichoderma reesei, and mixed in a 50:50 ratio with wheat bran. Replacing 50% of the wheat bran with autoclaved beans waste did not significantly affect MW yield, but the yield was reduced when beans wastes were fermented or left untreated. Incorporating beans waste, whether treated or untreated, increased the Ca, K, and Fe content in the MW. Incorporating strawberry vegetative waste into the substrate compensated the yield regardless of the pre-treatment, but enhanced Mn, Zn, and Fe levels in the produced MW. Plant flavonoids were reduced when the wastes were pre-treated and did not accumulate in the MW biomass. These findings provide insights into using plant vegetative wastes as a partial supplement in MW rearing substrates, and the potential effects on the growth and nutritional composition of the resulting MW biomass.

Machine-Learning-Accelerated Surface Exploration of Reconstructed BiVO₄(010) and Characterization of Their Aqueous Interfaces

What defines a photosynthetic microbial mat in western Antarctica?

Antarctic microbial mats, with their significant biodiversity and key role in biogeochemical cycling, were the focus of our study. We employed a metagenomic approach to analyze 14 microbial mats from meltwater streams of western Antarctica, covering the Maritime, Peninsula, and Dry Valleys regions. Our findings revealed that the taxonomic compositional level of the microbial mat communities is characterized by similar bacterial groups, with diatoms being the main distinguishing factor between the rapidly warming Maritime Antarctica and the other mats. Bacteria were found to be the predominant component of all microbial mats (&gt;90%), followed by Eukarya (&gt;3%), Archaea (&lt;1%), and Viruses (&lt;0.1%). The average abundance of the main phyla composing Antarctic microbial mats included Bacteroidota (35%), Pseudomonadota (29%), Cyanobacteriota (19%), Verrucomicrobiota (3%), Bacillariophyta (2%), Planctomycetota (2%), Acidobacteriota (2%), Actinomycetota (2%), Bacillota (1%), and Chloroflexota (1%). We also identified some microeukaryotes that could play essential roles in the functioning of Antarctic microbial mats. Notably, all mats were found in sites with varied environmental characteristics, showed N-limitation, and shared functional patterns.

Elevated temperature enhances task performance by improving cognitive abilities in common rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus)

Abstract The thermal sensitivity of task performance in ectothermic organisms may depend on how temperature affects mobility, cognitive ability, or their interaction. Furthermore, these processes may vary with experience or task difficulty. To test these predictions, we performed mesocosm experiments with common rudd ( Scardinius erythrophthalmus ) foraging for a high-density food reward ( Artemia salina nauplii) across consecutive daily sessions under varying task difficulties (short, medium, and long distances to the reward, and presence or absence of experienced individuals) at two temperatures (16–26 °C). Results indicated that the thermal sensitivity of task performance ranged from Q 10  = 2 to 9 across all treatments, peaking during the second and third sessions when fish learned the reward location most intensively. Q 10 values increased with task difficulty, reaching their highest levels when inexperienced fish navigated long distances to the reward and foraged without guidance. In contrast, the thermal sensitivity of mobility remained stable across sessions, with a maximum Q 10 of 2. The significantly higher thermal sensitivity of task performance compared to mobility, along with its positive relationship with task difficulty, suggests that performance improvements at elevated temperatures are driven not only by increased mobility but also by enhanced cognitive processes.

Synthesis of Non<i>-C</i>₂-Symmetric Biaryldiols via Organo-Electro Catalyzed Aryl–Aryl Dehydrogenative Cross-Coupling

Genome-wide association study of idiopathic epilepsy in the Italian Spinone dog breed

Idiopathic epilepsy (IE) has a high prevalence and a severe clinical course in the Italian Spinone breed of dog. A genome-wide association study meta-analysis of 52 cases and 51 controls was conducted to identify genomic regions that may be involved with the development of IE. Subsequent to the meta-analysis, a set of 175 controls and an independent validation set of 23 cases and 23 controls were genotyped for SNPs showing suggestive association with IE to find variants exhibiting evidence of replicable association and to test the predictiveness of SNPs for IE status when combined in a weighted risk score. Although two regions showed statistically significant association with IE in the GWAS meta-analysis, and additional regions with suggestive association were identified, the findings were not emulated in the validation set. This is the first GWAS of IE in the Italian Spinone, and the findings suggest that IE in the breed is not monogenic and demonstrates the challenges when investigating a multigenic or complex inherited disease in a numerically small domesticated animal population.

Neutron resonance absorption imaging fully utilizing neutron energies from 1 eV to 100 keV

Minimum dietary diversity and its determinants among lactating mothers in five Sub-Saharan African countries: A multilevel analysis

Background Ensuring minimum dietary diversity is crucial for lactating mothers. It allows them to consume a variety of foods from different groups, meeting their nutritional needs and supporting maternal and infant health. Despite the global impact of undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies, the prevalence and determinants of minimum dietary diversity during lactation remain poorly recognized in developing countries. This research aims to assess minimum dietary diversity and its determinants among lactating mothers in five Sub-Saharan African countries. Methods Data from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys, which covered five Sub-Saharan African countries between 2021 and 2023, were used to execute secondary data analysis. This study included 19,917 lactating mothers in total. Using a multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model, the variables associated to the minimum dietary diversity were established. Significant factors associated with the minimum dietary diversity were found at p-values &lt; 0.05. The adjusted odds ratio and 95% CI were used to interpret the result. The model with the highest loglikelihood ratio and lowest deviance was declared to be the best fit. Results The magnitude of minimum dietary diversity among lactating mothers in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, and Tanzania was 25.66% (95% CI: 24.47, 25.75). Factors such as secondary and above educational level (AOR =  1.38, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.61), employed mothers (AOR =  1.40, 95% CI: 1.26, 1.56), distance which was not a big problem to access health facilities (AOR =  1.35, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.51), health facility delivery (AOR =  1.25, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.45), rich wealth status (AOR =  1.86, 95% CI: 1.60, 2.17), high community ANC utilization (AOR =  1.18, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.35), and reside in Ghana (AOR =  4.21, 95% CI: 3.60, 4.94) had higher odds of minimum dietary diversity. Conclusions This study reveals that lactating mothers have low dietary diversity. Both community-level and individual-level factors impact this diversity. Consequently, health ministries in Burkina Faso, Kenya, Ghana, Mozambique, and Tanzania should prioritize women who underutilize antenatal services and those without formal education when designing strategies and policies.

Experimental study on the improvement of micro-pore structure in medium-low maturity continental oil shale by temperature alteration

Correction to “Catalytic Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Acylboronates: BMIDA as the Privileged Directing Group”

Environmental regulation, coal de-capacity, and PM2.5 in China

Promoting C–F Bond Activation for Perfluorinated Compounds Decomposition via Atomically Synergistic Lewis and Brønsted Acid Sites